The Experts below are selected from a list of 127635 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David W Rose - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Eya protein phosphatase activity regulates Six1–Dach–Eya transcriptional effects in mammalian organogenesis
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Kenneth A Ohgi, David W Rose, Jie Zhang, Anna Krones, Kevin T Bush, Christopher K Glass, Sanjay K Nigam, Aneel K Aggarwal, Richard Maas, Michael G RosenfeldAbstract:The precise mechanistic relationship between gene activation and repression events is a central question in mammalian organogenesis, as exemplified by the evolutionarily conserved sine oculis (Six), eyes absent (Eya) and dachshund (Dach) network of genetically interacting proteins. Here, we report that Six1 is required for the development of murine kidney, muscle and inner ear, and that it exhibits synergistic genetic interactions with Eya factors. We demonstrate that the Eya family has a protein phosphatase function, and that its enzymatic activity is required for regulating genes encoding growth control and signalling molecules, modulating Precursor Cell proliferation. The phosphatase function of Eya switches the function of Six1–Dach from repression to activation, causing transcriptional activation through recruitment of co-activators. The gene-specific recruitment of a co-activator with intrinsic phosphatase activity provides a molecular mechanism for activation of specific gene targets, including those regulating Precursor Cell proliferation and survival in mammalian organogenesis.
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eya protein phosphatase activity regulates six1 dach eya transcriptional effects in mammalian organogenesis
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Xue Li, Kenneth A Ohgi, Jie Zhang, Anna Krones, Kevin T Bush, Christopher K Glass, Sanjay K Nigam, Aneel K Aggarwal, Richard L Maas, David W RoseAbstract:The precise mechanistic relationship between gene activation and repression events is a central question in mammalian organogenesis, as exemplified by the evolutionarily conserved sine oculis (Six), eyes absent (Eya) and dachshund (Dach) network of genetically interacting proteins. Here, we report that Six1 is required for the development of murine kidney, muscle and inner ear, and that it exhibits synergistic genetic interactions with Eya factors. We demonstrate that the Eya family has a protein phosphatase function, and that its enzymatic activity is required for regulating genes encoding growth control and signalling molecules, modulating Precursor Cell proliferation. The phosphatase function of Eya switches the function of Six1–Dach from repression to activation, causing transcriptional activation through recruitment of co-activators. The gene-specific recruitment of a co-activator with intrinsic phosphatase activity provides a molecular mechanism for activation of specific gene targets, including those regulating Precursor Cell proliferation and survival in mammalian organogenesis.
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tissue specific regulation of retinal and pituitary Precursor Cell proliferation
Science, 2002Co-Authors: Valentina Perissi, Forrest Liu, David W Rose, Michael G RosenfeldAbstract:Mammalian organogenesis requires the expansion of pluripotent Precursor Cells before the subsequent determination of specific Cell types, but the tissue-specific molecular mechanisms that regulate the initial expansion of primordial Cells remain poorly defined. We have genetically established that Six6 homeodomain factor, acting as a strong tissue-specific repressor, regulates early progenitor Cell proliferation during mammalian retinogenesis and pituitary development. Six6, in association with Dach corepressors, regulates proliferation by directly repressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including the p27Kip1 promoter. These data reveal a molecular mechanism by which a tissue-specific transcriptional repressor-corepressor complex can provide an organ-specific strategy for physiological expansion of Precursor populations.
Kenneth A Ohgi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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eya protein phosphatase activity regulates six1 dach eya transcriptional effects in mammalian organogenesis
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Xue Li, Kenneth A Ohgi, Jie Zhang, Anna Krones, Kevin T Bush, Christopher K Glass, Sanjay K Nigam, Aneel K Aggarwal, Richard L Maas, David W RoseAbstract:The precise mechanistic relationship between gene activation and repression events is a central question in mammalian organogenesis, as exemplified by the evolutionarily conserved sine oculis (Six), eyes absent (Eya) and dachshund (Dach) network of genetically interacting proteins. Here, we report that Six1 is required for the development of murine kidney, muscle and inner ear, and that it exhibits synergistic genetic interactions with Eya factors. We demonstrate that the Eya family has a protein phosphatase function, and that its enzymatic activity is required for regulating genes encoding growth control and signalling molecules, modulating Precursor Cell proliferation. The phosphatase function of Eya switches the function of Six1–Dach from repression to activation, causing transcriptional activation through recruitment of co-activators. The gene-specific recruitment of a co-activator with intrinsic phosphatase activity provides a molecular mechanism for activation of specific gene targets, including those regulating Precursor Cell proliferation and survival in mammalian organogenesis.
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Eya protein phosphatase activity regulates Six1–Dach–Eya transcriptional effects in mammalian organogenesis
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Kenneth A Ohgi, David W Rose, Jie Zhang, Anna Krones, Kevin T Bush, Christopher K Glass, Sanjay K Nigam, Aneel K Aggarwal, Richard Maas, Michael G RosenfeldAbstract:The precise mechanistic relationship between gene activation and repression events is a central question in mammalian organogenesis, as exemplified by the evolutionarily conserved sine oculis (Six), eyes absent (Eya) and dachshund (Dach) network of genetically interacting proteins. Here, we report that Six1 is required for the development of murine kidney, muscle and inner ear, and that it exhibits synergistic genetic interactions with Eya factors. We demonstrate that the Eya family has a protein phosphatase function, and that its enzymatic activity is required for regulating genes encoding growth control and signalling molecules, modulating Precursor Cell proliferation. The phosphatase function of Eya switches the function of Six1–Dach from repression to activation, causing transcriptional activation through recruitment of co-activators. The gene-specific recruitment of a co-activator with intrinsic phosphatase activity provides a molecular mechanism for activation of specific gene targets, including those regulating Precursor Cell proliferation and survival in mammalian organogenesis.
Michael G Rosenfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Eya protein phosphatase activity regulates Six1–Dach–Eya transcriptional effects in mammalian organogenesis
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Kenneth A Ohgi, David W Rose, Jie Zhang, Anna Krones, Kevin T Bush, Christopher K Glass, Sanjay K Nigam, Aneel K Aggarwal, Richard Maas, Michael G RosenfeldAbstract:The precise mechanistic relationship between gene activation and repression events is a central question in mammalian organogenesis, as exemplified by the evolutionarily conserved sine oculis (Six), eyes absent (Eya) and dachshund (Dach) network of genetically interacting proteins. Here, we report that Six1 is required for the development of murine kidney, muscle and inner ear, and that it exhibits synergistic genetic interactions with Eya factors. We demonstrate that the Eya family has a protein phosphatase function, and that its enzymatic activity is required for regulating genes encoding growth control and signalling molecules, modulating Precursor Cell proliferation. The phosphatase function of Eya switches the function of Six1–Dach from repression to activation, causing transcriptional activation through recruitment of co-activators. The gene-specific recruitment of a co-activator with intrinsic phosphatase activity provides a molecular mechanism for activation of specific gene targets, including those regulating Precursor Cell proliferation and survival in mammalian organogenesis.
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tissue specific regulation of retinal and pituitary Precursor Cell proliferation
Science, 2002Co-Authors: Valentina Perissi, Forrest Liu, David W Rose, Michael G RosenfeldAbstract:Mammalian organogenesis requires the expansion of pluripotent Precursor Cells before the subsequent determination of specific Cell types, but the tissue-specific molecular mechanisms that regulate the initial expansion of primordial Cells remain poorly defined. We have genetically established that Six6 homeodomain factor, acting as a strong tissue-specific repressor, regulates early progenitor Cell proliferation during mammalian retinogenesis and pituitary development. Six6, in association with Dach corepressors, regulates proliferation by directly repressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including the p27Kip1 promoter. These data reveal a molecular mechanism by which a tissue-specific transcriptional repressor-corepressor complex can provide an organ-specific strategy for physiological expansion of Precursor populations.
James W Fawcett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The injury response of oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells is induced by platelets, macrophages and inflammation-associated cytokines
Neuroscience, 2006Co-Authors: Kate E. Rhodes, Gennadij Raivich, James W FawcettAbstract:Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells recognized with the NG2 antibody respond rapidly to CNS injuries with hypertrophy and upregulation of the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan within 24 h. These Cells participate in glial scar formation, remaining around the injury site for several weeks. After injury, reactive oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells increase their production of several chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, including NG2: this Cell type thus represents a component of the inhibitory environment that prevents regeneration of axons in the injured CNS. This study analyzes factors that activate oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Both microglia and astrocytes become reactive around motor neurons following peripheral nerve lesions. We show that oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells do not hypertrophy or increase NG2 levels after these lesions. Those lesions that cause an oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell reaction generally open the blood-brain barrier. We therefore opened the blood-brain barrier with microinjections of vascular endothelial growth factor or lipopolysaccharide to the rat and mouse brain, and examined oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell reactivity after 24 h. Both treatments led to increases in NG2 and hypertrophy of oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Of directly injected blood components serum and thrombin were without effect, while platelets and macrophages activated oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. We tested the effects of a range of injury-related cytokines, of which tumor necrosis factor alpha; interleukin-1; transforming growth factor beta; interferon gamma had effects on oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell chemokines, and mitogens did not increase NG2 levels.
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the oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell in health and disease
Trends in Neurosciences, 2001Co-Authors: Joel M Levine, Richard Reynolds, James W FawcettAbstract:Abstract Adult oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) make up around 5–8% of the glial Cell population in the CNS. Their function in the undamaged CNS is largely unknown, but their processes are in contact with nodes of Ranvier and synapses, suggesting a regulatory role at these structures. The Cells divide slowly, and constitute ∼70% of Cells labelled following a pulse injection of bromodeoxyuridine. In the injured CNS the Cells form a reactive glial population that undergoes hypertrophy and mitosis, probably driven by a variety of growth factors and cytokines. In response to demyelination they divide and are thought to differentiate to provide new oligodendrocytes to replace those that have been lost. However, remyelination fails during the later stages of multiple sclerosis, and it is not clear whether this is as a result of a depletion of adult OPCs, inhibition within the glial scar, or damage to the axons that prevents myelination. Adult OPCs are also activated and proliferate following other forms of CNS damage, such as mechanical injury, excitotoxicity and viral infection. The Cells produce several of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans that might inhibit axon regeneration.
Taihorng Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a neural stem Precursor Cell monolayer for neural tissue engineering
Biomaterials, 2014Co-Authors: Yichen Li, Likai Tsai, Jyhhorng Wang, Taihorng YoungAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this study was to prepare a monolayer of neural stem/Precursor Cells (NSPCs) for neural tissue engineering applications. Two components present in serum, fibronectin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were added into DMEM/F12 medium (termed medium B) to examine the effect of the migration-, proliferation- and differentiation-promoting potential on the cultured NSPCs, isolated from embryonic rat cerebral cortex. Compared with the serum effect, medium B also permitted neurosphere attachment onto the substrate surface and Cell migration out of neurospheres extensively, but enhanced more extensive Cell division and slowed down NSPC differentiation to generate a confluent NSPC monolayer. It was found the medium B-treated NSPCs possessed the capability to form typical neurospheres or to undergo differentiation into neuron-related Cell types on various biomaterial surfaces. Therefore, we proposed a two-stage process for wound healing or nerve conduit preparation. Extensive NSPC division and MAP2-positive neuron differentiation were manipulated in NSPCs cultured in the medium B followed by the neuronal differentiation-favorable medium. These results should be useful for controlling the proliferation and differentiation of NSPCs on various biomaterials and conduits in neuroscience research.
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A neural stem/Precursor Cell monolayer for neural tissue engineering.
Biomaterials, 2013Co-Authors: Yichen Li, Likai Tsai, Jyhhorng Wang, Taihorng YoungAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this study was to prepare a monolayer of neural stem/Precursor Cells (NSPCs) for neural tissue engineering applications. Two components present in serum, fibronectin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were added into DMEM/F12 medium (termed medium B) to examine the effect of the migration-, proliferation- and differentiation-promoting potential on the cultured NSPCs, isolated from embryonic rat cerebral cortex. Compared with the serum effect, medium B also permitted neurosphere attachment onto the substrate surface and Cell migration out of neurospheres extensively, but enhanced more extensive Cell division and slowed down NSPC differentiation to generate a confluent NSPC monolayer. It was found the medium B-treated NSPCs possessed the capability to form typical neurospheres or to undergo differentiation into neuron-related Cell types on various biomaterial surfaces. Therefore, we proposed a two-stage process for wound healing or nerve conduit preparation. Extensive NSPC division and MAP2-positive neuron differentiation were manipulated in NSPCs cultured in the medium B followed by the neuronal differentiation-favorable medium. These results should be useful for controlling the proliferation and differentiation of NSPCs on various biomaterials and conduits in neuroscience research.