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Manoranjan Maiti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a production inventory model with fuzzy production and demand using fuzzy differential equation an interval compared genetic algorithm approach
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2013Co-Authors: Partha Guchhait, Manas Kumar Maiti, Manoranjan MaitiAbstract:In this paper, a production inventory model, specially for a newly launched product, is developed incorporating fuzzy production rate in an imperfect production process. Produced defective units are repaired and are sold as fresh units. It is assumed that demand coefficients and lifetime of the product are also fuzzy in nature. To boost the demand, manufacturer offers a fixed price discount period at the beginning of each cycle. Demand also depends on unit selling price. As production rate and demand are fuzzy, the model is formulated using fuzzy differential equation and the corresponding inventory costs and components are calculated using fuzzy Riemann-integration. @a-cut of total profit from the planning horizon is obtained. A modified Genetic Algorithm (GA) with varying population size is used to optimize the profit function. Fuzzy Preference Ordering (FPO) on intervals is used to compare the intervals in determining fitness of a solution. This algorithm is named as Interval Compared Genetic Algorithm (ICGA). The present model is also solved using real coded GA (RCGA) and Multi-objective GA (MOGA). Another approach of interval comparison-order relations of intervals (ORI) for maximization problems is also used with all the above heuristics to solve the model and results are compared with those are obtained using FPO on intervals. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the model as well as to compare the efficiency of different approaches for solving the model.
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a production recycling model with variable demand demand dependent fuzzy return rate a fuzzy differential equation approach
Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Madhab Mondal, Manas Kumar Maiti, Manoranjan MaitiAbstract:A two warehouse production-recycling system for a single item with stock-dependent demand is considered. Item is produced at a production plant situated at a market place having sufficiently large warehouse with a small decorated showroom. Units are continuously transformed from production center to a showroom at the market for sale and excess units are stored at the production center warehouse. Production is stopped at regular intervals and after some production cycles, recycling process is commissioned. Used units are collected from the customers (up to beginning of last recycling cycle) at a demand-dependent fuzzy rate and then repaired to new condition before being sold again. Model is formulated using fuzzy differential equation and @a-cut of fuzzy average profit is obtained. In the first approach, Modified Graded Mean Integration Value (MGMIV) of the average profit is optimized to derive decisions for the decision maker (DM). A genetic algorithm with binary mode representation, Roulette wheel selection and random mutation process is used to solve the model. In the second approach, using fuzzy Preference Ordering of intervals (FPOIs), @a-cut of fuzzy average profit is optimized using the above GA to derive optimum decisions for DM. The proposed models are illustrated with numerical examples.
John H Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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giving according to garp an experimental test of the consistency of Preferences for altruism
Econometrica, 2002Co-Authors: James Andreoni, John H MillerAbstract:Experimental subjects often do not appear to behave as selfish money-maximizers, especially when "fair" or "altruistic" motives are inconsistent with money-maximizing Nash equilibria. This paper asks whether this apparently unselfish behavior is consistent with some well-behaved Preference Ordering other than money-maximization. We do this by checking whether choices of subjects satisfy the axioms of revealed Preferences, such as GARP. Further, we estimate utility functions that could have generated the data and use these to explore results from outside our experiment. We find that a rational neoclassical approach to altruism works well and provides a foundation for a Preference-based approach to altruism and fairness.
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giving according to garp an experimental test of the consistency of Preferences for altruism
Econometrica, 2002Co-Authors: James Andreoni, John H MillerAbstract:Subjects in economic laboratory experiments have clearly expressed an interest in behaving unselfishly. They cooperate in prisoners’ dilemma games, they give to public goods, and they leave money on the table when bargaining. While some are tempted to call this behavior irrational, economists should ask if this unselfish and altruistic behavior is indeed self-interested. That is, can subjects’ concerns for altruism or fairness be expressed in the economists’ language of a well-behaved Preference Ordering? If so, then behavior is consistent and meets our definition of rationality. This paper explores this question by applying the axioms of revealed Preference to the altruistic actions of subjects. If subjects adhere to these axioms, such as GARP, then we can infer that a continuous, convex, and monotonic utility function could have generated their choices. This means that an economic model is sufficient to understand the data and that, in fact, altruism is rational. We do this by offering subjects several opportunities to share a surplus with another anonymous subject. However, the costs of sharing and the surplus available vary across decisions. This price and income variation creates budgets for altruistic activity that allow us to test for an underlying Preference Ordering. We found that subjects exhibit a significant degree of rationally altruistic behavior. Over 98% of our subjects made choices that are consistent with utility maximization. Only a quarter of subjects are selfish money-maximizers, and the rest show varying degrees of altruism. Perhaps most strikingly, almost half of the subjects exhibited behavior that is exactly consistent with one of three standard CES utility functions: perfectly selfish, perfect substitutes, or Leontief. Those with Leontief Preferences are always dividing the surplus equally, while those with perfect substitutes Preferences give everything away when the price of giving is less than one, but keep everything when the price of giving is greater than one. Using the data on choices, we estimated a population of utility functions and applied these to predict the results of other studies. We found that our results could successfully characterize the outcomes of other studies, indicating still further that altruism can be captured in an economic model.
Henri Prade - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expressing Preferences from generic rules and examples a possibilistic approach without aggregation function
European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning and Uncertainty, 2005Co-Authors: Didier Dubois, Souhila Kaci, Henri PradeAbstract:This paper proposes an approach to representing Preferences about multifactorial ratings. Instead of defining a scale of values and aggregation operations, we propose to express rationality conditions and other generic properties, as well as Preferences between specific instances, by means of constraints restricting a complete pre-Ordering among tuples of values. The derivation of a single complete pre-order is based on possibility theory, using the minimal specificity principle. Some hints for revising a given Preference Ordering when new constraints are required, are given. This approach looks powerful enough to capture many aggregation modes, even some violating co-monotonic independence.
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possibility theory as a basis for qualitative decision theory
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1995Co-Authors: Didier Dubois, Henri PradeAbstract:A counterpart to von Neumann and Morgenstern' expected utility theory is proposed in the framework of possibility theory. The existence of a utility function, representing a Preference Ordering among possibility distributions (on the consequences of decision-maker's actions) that satisfies a series of axioms pertaining to decision-maker's behavior, is established. The obtained utility is a generalization of Wald's criterion, which is recovered in case of total ignorance; when ignorance is only partial, the utility takes into account the fact that some situations are more plausible than others. Mathematically, the qualitative utility is nothing but the necessity measure of a fuzzy event in the sense of possibility theory (a so-called Sugeno integral). The possibilistic representation of uncertainty, which only requires a linearly ordered scale, is qualitative in nature. Only max, min and order-reversing operations are used on the scale. The axioms express a risk-averse behavior of the decision maker and correspond to a pessimistic view of what may happen. The proposed qualitative utility function is currently used in flexible constraint satisfaction problems under incomplete information. It can also be used in association with possibilistic logic, which is tailored to reasoning under incomplete states of knowledge.
Toyotaka Sakai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an axiomatic approach to intergenerational equity
Social Choice and Welfare, 2003Co-Authors: Toyotaka SakaiAbstract:We present a set of axioms in order to capture the concept of equity among an infinite number of generations. There are two ethical considerations: one is to treat every generation equally and the other is to respect distributive fairness among generations. We find two opposite results. In Theorem 1, we show that there exists a Preference Ordering satisfying anonymity, strong distributive fairness semiconvexity, and strong monotonicity. However, in Theorem 2, we show that there exists no binary relation satisfying anonymity, distributive fairness semiconvexity, and sup norm continuity. We also clarify logical relations between these axioms and non-dictatorship axioms.
Yupu Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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particle swarm with equilibrium strategy of selection for multi objective optimization
European Journal of Operational Research, 2010Co-Authors: Yujia Wang, Yupu YangAbstract:Abstract A new ranking scheme based on equilibrium strategy of selection is proposed for multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), and the Preference Ordering is used to identify the “best compromise” in the ranking stage. This scheme increases the selective pressure, especially when the number of objectives is very large. The proposed algorithm has been compared with other multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). The experimental results indicate that our algorithm produces better convergence performance.
