The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
René Céolin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Liquid-liquid miscibility gaps in drug-water binary systems: crystal Structure and thermodynamic properties of Prilocaine and the temperature-composition phase diagram of the Prilocaine-water system
Molecular pharmaceutics, 2013Co-Authors: Ivo B. Rietveld, Marc-antoine Perrin, Siro Toscani, María Barrio, Béatrice Nicolaï, Josep-lluis Tamarit, René CéolinAbstract:EMLA cream, a “eutectic mixture of local anesthetics”, was developed in the early 1980s by Astra Pharmaceutical Production. The mixture of anesthetics containing lidocaine, Prilocaine, and water is liquid at room temperature, which is partly due to the eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine at 293 K, as was clear from the start. However, the full thermodynamic background for the stability of the liquid and its emulsion-like appearance has never been elucidated. In the present study of the binary system Prilocaine–water, a region of liquid–liquid demixing has been observed, linked to a monotectic equilibrium at 302.4 K. It results in a Prilocaine-rich liquid containing approximately 0.7 mol fraction of anesthetic. Similar behavior has been reported for the binary system lidocaine–water (Ceolin, R.; et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99 (6), 2756–2765). In the ternary mixture, the combination of the monotectic equilibrium and the above-mentioned eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine ...
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Liquid–Liquid Miscibility Gaps in Drug–Water Binary Systems: Crystal Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Prilocaine and the Temperature–Composition Phase Diagram of the Prilocaine–Water System
Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2013Co-Authors: Ivo B. Rietveld, Marc-antoine Perrin, Siro Toscani, María Barrio, Béatrice Nicolaï, Josep-lluis Tamarit, René CéolinAbstract:EMLA cream, a “eutectic mixture of local anesthetics”, was developed in the early 1980s by Astra Pharmaceutical Production. The mixture of anesthetics containing lidocaine, Prilocaine, and water is liquid at room temperature, which is partly due to the eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine at 293 K, as was clear from the start. However, the full thermodynamic background for the stability of the liquid and its emulsion-like appearance has never been elucidated. In the present study of the binary system Prilocaine–water, a region of liquid–liquid demixing has been observed, linked to a monotectic equilibrium at 302.4 K. It results in a Prilocaine-rich liquid containing approximately 0.7 mol fraction of anesthetic. Similar behavior has been reported for the binary system lidocaine–water (Céolin, R.; et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99 (6), 2756–2765). In the ternary mixture, the combination of the monotectic equilibrium and the above-mentioned eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine results in an anesthetic-rich liquid that remains stable below room temperature. This liquid forms an emulsion-like mixture in the presence of an aqueous solution saturated with anesthetics. Physical properties and the crystal structure of Prilocaine are also reported
Gideon Koren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of eutectic lidocaine Prilocaine cream emla for steroid joint injection in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial
The Journal of Rheumatology, 2003Co-Authors: Yosef Uziel, Gideon Koren, Matitiahu Berkovitch, Madlen Gazarian, Earl D Silverman, Rayfel Schneider, Ronald M LaxerAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of eutectic lidocaine/Prilocaine cream (EMLA) in reducing the pain associated with steroid joint injection in children with juvenile arthritis. METHODS: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled parallel group trial. Thirty-one children (ages 8-18 yrs) scheduled for steroid injection into a knee were randomized into groups having either 2.5 g lidocaine/Prilocaine cream or placebo cream applied to the injection site 60-90 min before the procedure. Patients assessed the pain associated with initial needle insertion and subsequent steroid injection using a 10 cm visual analog scale. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the pain reported after needle insertion or steroid injection between the lidocaine/Prilocaine cream group (n = 17) and the placebo group (n = 14). There was a trend toward an association of lower median scores with the pain of steroid injection in the lidocaine/Prilocaine group (6 mm) compared with the placebo group (22 mm). CONCLUSION: Application of 2.5 g lidocaine/Prilocaine cream for 60-90 min had no statistically significant analgesic effect on pain associated with injections of steroids into the knees of children with juvenile arthritis.
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lidocaine Prilocaine cream versus tetracaine gel for procedural pain in children
Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2002Co-Authors: Anna Taddio, Mona G Y Gurguis, Gideon KorenAbstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the relative efficacy of lidocaine—Prilocaine and tetracaine for procedural pain in children.METHODS:Systematic review was performed (MEDLINE 1990–June 2001) of all studies comparing the efficacy of these 2 modalities of pain relief in children undergoing painful cutaneous procedures. Search terms included lidocaine, Prilocaine, tetracaine, and anesthesia.RESULTS:Eight studies compared lidocaine—Prilocaine with tetracaine in children for 4 different procedures: intravenous cannulation, venipuncture, Port-a-Cath puncture, and laser therapy. When used as labeled (60 min for lidocaine—Prilocaine, 30 min for tetracaine), the 2 modalities provided similar analgesic efficacy. When both anesthetics were applied for a similar duration of time (40 min, 60 min, 2 h), tetracaine provided superior anesthesia. Tetracaine was commonly associated with erythema, and lidocaine—Prilocaine was associated with blanching of the skin.CONCLUSIONS:Lidocaine—Prilocaine and tetracaine appear to be comparable...
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Lidocaine—Prilocaine Cream versus Tetracaine Gel for Procedural Pain in Children
Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2002Co-Authors: Anna Taddio, Mona G Y Gurguis, Gideon KorenAbstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the relative efficacy of lidocaine—Prilocaine and tetracaine for procedural pain in children.METHODS:Systematic review was performed (MEDLINE 1990–June 2001) of all studies comparing the efficacy of these 2 modalities of pain relief in children undergoing painful cutaneous procedures. Search terms included lidocaine, Prilocaine, tetracaine, and anesthesia.RESULTS:Eight studies compared lidocaine—Prilocaine with tetracaine in children for 4 different procedures: intravenous cannulation, venipuncture, Port-a-Cath puncture, and laser therapy. When used as labeled (60 min for lidocaine—Prilocaine, 30 min for tetracaine), the 2 modalities provided similar analgesic efficacy. When both anesthetics were applied for a similar duration of time (40 min, 60 min, 2 h), tetracaine provided superior anesthesia. Tetracaine was commonly associated with erythema, and lidocaine—Prilocaine was associated with blanching of the skin.CONCLUSIONS:Lidocaine—Prilocaine and tetracaine appear to be comparable...
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Relative efficacy of amethocaine gel and lidocaine-Prilocaine cream for Port-a-Cath puncture in children.
Pediatrics, 1999Co-Authors: Raafat Bishai, Anna Taddio, Benjamin Bar-oz, Melvin H. Freedman, Gideon KorenAbstract:Background. Lidocaine–Prilocaine cream (EMLA) is currently standard therapy to alleviate procedural pain in children. One of the disadvantages of lidocaine–Prilocaine is the need to wait for 60 minutes for adequate skin anesthesia. Amethocaine gel (Ametop) is a new topical anesthetic that requires a shorter application time for skin anesthesia. Objectives. To compare the relative efficacy and safety of amethocaine gel and lidocaine–Prilocaine cream in children with cancer undergoing Port-a-Cath puncture and to determine which patient factors influence judgments about pain. Methods. Randomized, blinded, crossover study. Each child received either 1 g of amethocaine gel for 30 minutes, preceded by a placebo gel for 30 minutes, or 1 g of lidocaine–Prilocaine cream for 60 minutes. Children rated the pain using the faces scale, for which scores ranged from 0 to 5. Parents and attending nurse operators rated pain on a 10-cm visual analog scale. Results. Thirty-nine children participated. The mean age was 10.2 years (range: 5–16 years), and 69% were male. There were no differences in mean pain assessments between amethocaine and lidocaine–Prilocaine as rated by the children (2.0 vs 0.5), parents (2.6 vs 6.4), or nurse operators (2.0 vs 0.9). No serious adverse effects were detected with either preparation. Pain scores assigned by parents and children were not influenced by age, gender, duration of diagnosis, or anesthetic regimen (amethocaine versus lidocaine–Prilocaine) in the child. Nurses, however, rated pain higher for younger children, and in males during pretreatment with lidocaine–Prilocaine. Conclusion. Amethocaine achieves similar anesthesia to lidocaine–Prilocaine during Port-a-Cath administration in children, with an application time that is half of lidocaine–Prilocaine. Pain assessments were not influenced by age, gender, or duration of diagnosis of the child. Nurses may perceive that pain is greater for younger children and in males. lidocaine–Prilocaine, amethocaine, pain, children, Port-a-Cath puncture.
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efficacy and safety of lidocaine Prilocaine cream for pain during circumcision
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1997Co-Authors: Anna Taddio, Bonnie Stevens, Kenneth D Craig, Pratap Rastogi, Shlomit Bendavid, Andrew Shennan, Peggy Mulligan, Gideon KorenAbstract:Background Neonatal circumcision is a painful surgical procedure often performed without analgesia. We assessed the efficacy and safety of 5 percent lidocaine–Prilocaine cream (Emla) in neonates undergoing circumcision. Methods We carried out a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in 68 full-term male neonates: 38 were assigned to receive lidocaine–Prilocaine cream, and 30 to receive placebo. One gram of lidocaine–Prilocaine or placebo cream was applied to the penis under an occlusive dressing for 60 to 80 minutes before circumcision. Behavioral (facial activity and time spent crying) and physiologic (heart rate and blood pressure) responses were recorded during the procedure. Blood samples were obtained at various times after drug application for measurements of methemoglobin and plasma lidocaine, Prilocaine, and o -toluidine (a metabolite of Prilocaine). Results A total of 68 and 59 neonates were included in the safety and efficacy analyses, respectively. Demographic characteristics such as gestat...
Ivo B. Rietveld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Liquid-liquid miscibility gaps in drug-water binary systems: crystal Structure and thermodynamic properties of Prilocaine and the temperature-composition phase diagram of the Prilocaine-water system
Molecular pharmaceutics, 2013Co-Authors: Ivo B. Rietveld, Marc-antoine Perrin, Siro Toscani, María Barrio, Béatrice Nicolaï, Josep-lluis Tamarit, René CéolinAbstract:EMLA cream, a “eutectic mixture of local anesthetics”, was developed in the early 1980s by Astra Pharmaceutical Production. The mixture of anesthetics containing lidocaine, Prilocaine, and water is liquid at room temperature, which is partly due to the eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine at 293 K, as was clear from the start. However, the full thermodynamic background for the stability of the liquid and its emulsion-like appearance has never been elucidated. In the present study of the binary system Prilocaine–water, a region of liquid–liquid demixing has been observed, linked to a monotectic equilibrium at 302.4 K. It results in a Prilocaine-rich liquid containing approximately 0.7 mol fraction of anesthetic. Similar behavior has been reported for the binary system lidocaine–water (Ceolin, R.; et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99 (6), 2756–2765). In the ternary mixture, the combination of the monotectic equilibrium and the above-mentioned eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine ...
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Liquid–Liquid Miscibility Gaps in Drug–Water Binary Systems: Crystal Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Prilocaine and the Temperature–Composition Phase Diagram of the Prilocaine–Water System
Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2013Co-Authors: Ivo B. Rietveld, Marc-antoine Perrin, Siro Toscani, María Barrio, Béatrice Nicolaï, Josep-lluis Tamarit, René CéolinAbstract:EMLA cream, a “eutectic mixture of local anesthetics”, was developed in the early 1980s by Astra Pharmaceutical Production. The mixture of anesthetics containing lidocaine, Prilocaine, and water is liquid at room temperature, which is partly due to the eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine at 293 K, as was clear from the start. However, the full thermodynamic background for the stability of the liquid and its emulsion-like appearance has never been elucidated. In the present study of the binary system Prilocaine–water, a region of liquid–liquid demixing has been observed, linked to a monotectic equilibrium at 302.4 K. It results in a Prilocaine-rich liquid containing approximately 0.7 mol fraction of anesthetic. Similar behavior has been reported for the binary system lidocaine–water (Céolin, R.; et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99 (6), 2756–2765). In the ternary mixture, the combination of the monotectic equilibrium and the above-mentioned eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine results in an anesthetic-rich liquid that remains stable below room temperature. This liquid forms an emulsion-like mixture in the presence of an aqueous solution saturated with anesthetics. Physical properties and the crystal structure of Prilocaine are also reported
Anna Taddio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lidocaine Prilocaine cream versus tetracaine gel for procedural pain in children
Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2002Co-Authors: Anna Taddio, Mona G Y Gurguis, Gideon KorenAbstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the relative efficacy of lidocaine—Prilocaine and tetracaine for procedural pain in children.METHODS:Systematic review was performed (MEDLINE 1990–June 2001) of all studies comparing the efficacy of these 2 modalities of pain relief in children undergoing painful cutaneous procedures. Search terms included lidocaine, Prilocaine, tetracaine, and anesthesia.RESULTS:Eight studies compared lidocaine—Prilocaine with tetracaine in children for 4 different procedures: intravenous cannulation, venipuncture, Port-a-Cath puncture, and laser therapy. When used as labeled (60 min for lidocaine—Prilocaine, 30 min for tetracaine), the 2 modalities provided similar analgesic efficacy. When both anesthetics were applied for a similar duration of time (40 min, 60 min, 2 h), tetracaine provided superior anesthesia. Tetracaine was commonly associated with erythema, and lidocaine—Prilocaine was associated with blanching of the skin.CONCLUSIONS:Lidocaine—Prilocaine and tetracaine appear to be comparable...
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Lidocaine—Prilocaine Cream versus Tetracaine Gel for Procedural Pain in Children
Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2002Co-Authors: Anna Taddio, Mona G Y Gurguis, Gideon KorenAbstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the relative efficacy of lidocaine—Prilocaine and tetracaine for procedural pain in children.METHODS:Systematic review was performed (MEDLINE 1990–June 2001) of all studies comparing the efficacy of these 2 modalities of pain relief in children undergoing painful cutaneous procedures. Search terms included lidocaine, Prilocaine, tetracaine, and anesthesia.RESULTS:Eight studies compared lidocaine—Prilocaine with tetracaine in children for 4 different procedures: intravenous cannulation, venipuncture, Port-a-Cath puncture, and laser therapy. When used as labeled (60 min for lidocaine—Prilocaine, 30 min for tetracaine), the 2 modalities provided similar analgesic efficacy. When both anesthetics were applied for a similar duration of time (40 min, 60 min, 2 h), tetracaine provided superior anesthesia. Tetracaine was commonly associated with erythema, and lidocaine—Prilocaine was associated with blanching of the skin.CONCLUSIONS:Lidocaine—Prilocaine and tetracaine appear to be comparable...
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Relative efficacy of amethocaine gel and lidocaine-Prilocaine cream for Port-a-Cath puncture in children.
Pediatrics, 1999Co-Authors: Raafat Bishai, Anna Taddio, Benjamin Bar-oz, Melvin H. Freedman, Gideon KorenAbstract:Background. Lidocaine–Prilocaine cream (EMLA) is currently standard therapy to alleviate procedural pain in children. One of the disadvantages of lidocaine–Prilocaine is the need to wait for 60 minutes for adequate skin anesthesia. Amethocaine gel (Ametop) is a new topical anesthetic that requires a shorter application time for skin anesthesia. Objectives. To compare the relative efficacy and safety of amethocaine gel and lidocaine–Prilocaine cream in children with cancer undergoing Port-a-Cath puncture and to determine which patient factors influence judgments about pain. Methods. Randomized, blinded, crossover study. Each child received either 1 g of amethocaine gel for 30 minutes, preceded by a placebo gel for 30 minutes, or 1 g of lidocaine–Prilocaine cream for 60 minutes. Children rated the pain using the faces scale, for which scores ranged from 0 to 5. Parents and attending nurse operators rated pain on a 10-cm visual analog scale. Results. Thirty-nine children participated. The mean age was 10.2 years (range: 5–16 years), and 69% were male. There were no differences in mean pain assessments between amethocaine and lidocaine–Prilocaine as rated by the children (2.0 vs 0.5), parents (2.6 vs 6.4), or nurse operators (2.0 vs 0.9). No serious adverse effects were detected with either preparation. Pain scores assigned by parents and children were not influenced by age, gender, duration of diagnosis, or anesthetic regimen (amethocaine versus lidocaine–Prilocaine) in the child. Nurses, however, rated pain higher for younger children, and in males during pretreatment with lidocaine–Prilocaine. Conclusion. Amethocaine achieves similar anesthesia to lidocaine–Prilocaine during Port-a-Cath administration in children, with an application time that is half of lidocaine–Prilocaine. Pain assessments were not influenced by age, gender, or duration of diagnosis of the child. Nurses may perceive that pain is greater for younger children and in males. lidocaine–Prilocaine, amethocaine, pain, children, Port-a-Cath puncture.
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efficacy and safety of lidocaine Prilocaine cream for pain during circumcision
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1997Co-Authors: Anna Taddio, Bonnie Stevens, Kenneth D Craig, Pratap Rastogi, Shlomit Bendavid, Andrew Shennan, Peggy Mulligan, Gideon KorenAbstract:Background Neonatal circumcision is a painful surgical procedure often performed without analgesia. We assessed the efficacy and safety of 5 percent lidocaine–Prilocaine cream (Emla) in neonates undergoing circumcision. Methods We carried out a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in 68 full-term male neonates: 38 were assigned to receive lidocaine–Prilocaine cream, and 30 to receive placebo. One gram of lidocaine–Prilocaine or placebo cream was applied to the penis under an occlusive dressing for 60 to 80 minutes before circumcision. Behavioral (facial activity and time spent crying) and physiologic (heart rate and blood pressure) responses were recorded during the procedure. Blood samples were obtained at various times after drug application for measurements of methemoglobin and plasma lidocaine, Prilocaine, and o -toluidine (a metabolite of Prilocaine). Results A total of 68 and 59 neonates were included in the safety and efficacy analyses, respectively. Demographic characteristics such as gestat...
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Efficacy and Safety of Lidocaine–Prilocaine Cream for Pain during Circumcision
The New England journal of medicine, 1997Co-Authors: Anna Taddio, Bonnie Stevens, Kenneth D Craig, Pratap Rastogi, Andrew Shennan, Peggy Mulligan, Shlomit Ben-david, Gideon KorenAbstract:Background Neonatal circumcision is a painful surgical procedure often performed without analgesia. We assessed the efficacy and safety of 5 percent lidocaine–Prilocaine cream (Emla) in neonates undergoing circumcision. Methods We carried out a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in 68 full-term male neonates: 38 were assigned to receive lidocaine–Prilocaine cream, and 30 to receive placebo. One gram of lidocaine–Prilocaine or placebo cream was applied to the penis under an occlusive dressing for 60 to 80 minutes before circumcision. Behavioral (facial activity and time spent crying) and physiologic (heart rate and blood pressure) responses were recorded during the procedure. Blood samples were obtained at various times after drug application for measurements of methemoglobin and plasma lidocaine, Prilocaine, and o -toluidine (a metabolite of Prilocaine). Results A total of 68 and 59 neonates were included in the safety and efficacy analyses, respectively. Demographic characteristics such as gestat...
Siro Toscani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Liquid-liquid miscibility gaps in drug-water binary systems: crystal Structure and thermodynamic properties of Prilocaine and the temperature-composition phase diagram of the Prilocaine-water system
Molecular pharmaceutics, 2013Co-Authors: Ivo B. Rietveld, Marc-antoine Perrin, Siro Toscani, María Barrio, Béatrice Nicolaï, Josep-lluis Tamarit, René CéolinAbstract:EMLA cream, a “eutectic mixture of local anesthetics”, was developed in the early 1980s by Astra Pharmaceutical Production. The mixture of anesthetics containing lidocaine, Prilocaine, and water is liquid at room temperature, which is partly due to the eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine at 293 K, as was clear from the start. However, the full thermodynamic background for the stability of the liquid and its emulsion-like appearance has never been elucidated. In the present study of the binary system Prilocaine–water, a region of liquid–liquid demixing has been observed, linked to a monotectic equilibrium at 302.4 K. It results in a Prilocaine-rich liquid containing approximately 0.7 mol fraction of anesthetic. Similar behavior has been reported for the binary system lidocaine–water (Ceolin, R.; et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99 (6), 2756–2765). In the ternary mixture, the combination of the monotectic equilibrium and the above-mentioned eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine ...
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Liquid–Liquid Miscibility Gaps in Drug–Water Binary Systems: Crystal Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Prilocaine and the Temperature–Composition Phase Diagram of the Prilocaine–Water System
Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2013Co-Authors: Ivo B. Rietveld, Marc-antoine Perrin, Siro Toscani, María Barrio, Béatrice Nicolaï, Josep-lluis Tamarit, René CéolinAbstract:EMLA cream, a “eutectic mixture of local anesthetics”, was developed in the early 1980s by Astra Pharmaceutical Production. The mixture of anesthetics containing lidocaine, Prilocaine, and water is liquid at room temperature, which is partly due to the eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine at 293 K, as was clear from the start. However, the full thermodynamic background for the stability of the liquid and its emulsion-like appearance has never been elucidated. In the present study of the binary system Prilocaine–water, a region of liquid–liquid demixing has been observed, linked to a monotectic equilibrium at 302.4 K. It results in a Prilocaine-rich liquid containing approximately 0.7 mol fraction of anesthetic. Similar behavior has been reported for the binary system lidocaine–water (Céolin, R.; et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99 (6), 2756–2765). In the ternary mixture, the combination of the monotectic equilibrium and the above-mentioned eutectic equilibrium between Prilocaine and lidocaine results in an anesthetic-rich liquid that remains stable below room temperature. This liquid forms an emulsion-like mixture in the presence of an aqueous solution saturated with anesthetics. Physical properties and the crystal structure of Prilocaine are also reported
