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Jonathan Cagan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Influence of Process Management: Uncovering the Impact of Real-Time Managerial Interventions via a Topic Modeling Approach
Journal of Mechanical Design, 2021Co-Authors: Joshua T. Gyory, Kenneth Kotovsky, Jonathan CaganAbstract:Abstract Computationally studying team discourse can provide valuable, real-time insights into the state of design teams and design cognition during problem-solving. The particular experimental design, adopted from previous work by the authors, places one of the design team conditions under the guidance of a human Process Manager. In that work, teams under this Process management outperformed the unmanaged teams in terms of their design performance. This opens the opportunity to not only model design discourse during problem solving, but more critically, to explore Process Manager interventions and their impact on design cognition. Utilizing this experimental framework, a topic model is trained on the discourse of human designers of both managed and unmanaged teams collaboratively solving a conceptual engineering design task. Results show that the two team conditions significantly differ in a number of the extracted topics, and in particular, those topics that most pertain to the Manager interventions. A dynamic look during the design Process reveals that the largest differences between the managed and unmanaged teams occur during the latter half of problem-solving. Furthermore, a before and after analysis of the topic-motivated interventions reveals that the Process Manager interventions significantly shift the topic mixture of the team members’ discourse immediately after intervening. Taken together, these results from this work not only corroborate the effect of the Process Manager interventions on design team discourse and cognition but provide promise for the computational detection and facilitation of design interventions based on real-time, discourse data.
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A Topic Modeling Approach to Study the Impact of Manager Interventions on Design Team Cognition
Volume 8: 32nd International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM), 2020Co-Authors: Joshua T. Gyory, Kenneth Kotovsky, Jonathan CaganAbstract:Abstract In order to computationally study design cognition under design Process management, this work utilizes a topic modeling approach to analyze design team discourse during problem-solving. The particular experimental design, from previous work by the authors, places one of the design team conditions under the guidance of a human Process Manager. In that work, teams under this guidance outperformed the unmanaged teams in terms of their design solutions. This opens the opportunity to not only model design discourse during problem solving, but also explore the impact of Process Manager interventions and their impact on design cognition. Utilizing this approach, a topic model is trained on discourse of human designers, for both managed and unmanaged teams, collaboratively solving a design problem. Results show that the two team conditions significantly differ in a number of the extracted topics, and in particular, those topics that most pertain to the Manager interventions. Furthermore, a before and after analysis of the topic-motivated interventions, reveals that the Process Manager interventions significantly shift the topic mixture of the team members’ discourse toward that of the interventions immediately after they are provided. Together, these results not only corroborate the effect of the Process Manager interventions on design team discourse and cognition, but provide promise in the computational detection and facilitation of design interventions based on real-time discourse data.
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Are you better off alone? Mitigating the underperformance of engineering teams during conceptual design through adaptive Process management
Research in Engineering Design, 2019Co-Authors: Joshua T. Gyory, Jonathan Cagan, Kenneth KotovskyAbstract:Teams are a major feature of engineering and are commonly thought to be necessary when solving dynamic and complex problems. Even though teams collectively provide a diversity of knowledge, skills, and perspectives to problem-solving, previous work has demonstrated that in certain scenarios, such as in language-based and more spatially oriented configuration design problems, the production by a team is inferior to that of a similar number of individuals working independently (i.e., nominal team). This research explores this comparison of individual versus group problem-solving within the domain of conceptual engineering design. Thus, a behavioral study was run with freshman engineering students, who solved a conceptual engineering design problem individually or collaboratively in a team. Results corroborate previous findings, exhibiting that individuals outperform teams in the overall quality of their design solutions, even within this more free-flowing and explorative setting of conceptual design. Exploiting this result, this work further considers whether adaptive feedback from a Process Manager can lessen the underperformance of collaborative design teams compared to individuals, by helping teams overcome potential deterrents that may be contributing to their inferior performance. Teams that are under the guidance of a Process Manager end up performing better than teams that are not in terms of solution quality, and almost as well as individuals, though not significantly different. This result suggests that Process Managers are able to mitigate some of the deficiencies in design teams. In an attempt to uncover some of the cognitive rationale and strategies that may be beneficial throughout problem-solving, the Managerial interactions with the design teams are then investigated. Furthermore, to determine the reason of the collaborative teams’ underperformance, the effect of verbalization is studied as a possible cognitive hindrance. In the end, this work expands growing research on team problem-solving in engineering, and suggests that collaborative teams may not be optimal in every circumstance, but under the proper Process management, can become substantially more effective.
Rose-mharie Åhlfeldt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Design solutions for interoperability using a Process Manager
Interoperability of Enterprise Software and Applications, 2007Co-Authors: Paul Johannesson, Erik Perjons, Benkt Wangler, Rose-mharie ÅhlfeldtAbstract:The healthcare domain is in urgent need for solutions to making clinical and administrative systems, possibly belonging to different healthcare units, interoperable and hence making them deliver timely and correct information as needed in particular situations. Process Manager technology allows making all actors (humans or information systems) involved in healthcare Processes communicate along these Processes. This paper argues that Process Manager technology is essential for achieving interoperability in healthcare, but that some serious problems need to be overcome to realise its full potential. A number of design solutions to address these problems are proposed.
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Information Security Issues in Healthcare : an Experience Report
2006Co-Authors: Rose-mharie ÅhlfeldtAbstract:This paper presents a method based on Process Manager technology for making all actors (humans or information systems) involved in healthcare Processes to communicate along these Processes. The method utilizes straightforward and yet executable Process diagrams. Furthermore, the paper suggests a number of additional features to the method that may cater for the representation of security and quality requirements, as well as enhanced efficiency of the healthcare Processes.
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Efficient and secure Process and it integration in healthcare
2006Co-Authors: Erik Perjons, Benkt Wangler, Rose-mharie ÅhlfeldtAbstract:This paper presents a method based on Process Manager technology for making all actors (humans or information systems) involved in healthcare Processes to communicate along these Processes. The method utilizes straightforward and yet executable Process diagrams. Furthermore, the paper suggests a number of additional features to the method that may cater for the representation of security and quality requirements, as well as enhanced efficiency of the healthcare Processes.
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Introducing a Process Manager in healthcare : An experience report
Health Informatics Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Erik Perjons, Benkt Wangler, Jaana Wäyrynen, Rose-mharie ÅhlfeldtAbstract:To be efficient and patient focused, healthcare units need to be Process oriented and integrated with the Processes and IT systems of other healthcare units. A Process Manager facilitates integration of different systems by using graphical and executable Process models. The Process Manager also communicates directly with healthcare personnel via desktop computers and mobile devices. This article reports on a Swedish project where a prototype system was developed and tested with several healthcare units. The experience shows several advantages and opportunities. For example, current information about patients can be transferred automatically between healthcare units; resource intensive manual tasks can be replaced with automated tasks; and long-term Process monitoring and quality assessment can be enabled. However, introducing a Process Manager requires attention to issues of security, ethics and legality. Healthcare units may also show differences in security awareness and IT maturity, which could obstruct the introduction of a Process Manager.
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Efficient and Secure Process and IT-integration in Healthcare Using Process Manager Technology
2005Co-Authors: Erik Perjons, Benkt Wangler, Rose-mharie ÅhlfeldtAbstract:Efficient and Secure Process and IT-integration in Healthcare Using Process Manager Technology
Erik Perjons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Design solutions for interoperability using a Process Manager
Interoperability of Enterprise Software and Applications, 2007Co-Authors: Paul Johannesson, Erik Perjons, Benkt Wangler, Rose-mharie ÅhlfeldtAbstract:The healthcare domain is in urgent need for solutions to making clinical and administrative systems, possibly belonging to different healthcare units, interoperable and hence making them deliver timely and correct information as needed in particular situations. Process Manager technology allows making all actors (humans or information systems) involved in healthcare Processes communicate along these Processes. This paper argues that Process Manager technology is essential for achieving interoperability in healthcare, but that some serious problems need to be overcome to realise its full potential. A number of design solutions to address these problems are proposed.
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Efficient and secure Process and it integration in healthcare
2006Co-Authors: Erik Perjons, Benkt Wangler, Rose-mharie ÅhlfeldtAbstract:This paper presents a method based on Process Manager technology for making all actors (humans or information systems) involved in healthcare Processes to communicate along these Processes. The method utilizes straightforward and yet executable Process diagrams. Furthermore, the paper suggests a number of additional features to the method that may cater for the representation of security and quality requirements, as well as enhanced efficiency of the healthcare Processes.
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Introducing a Process Manager in healthcare : An experience report
Health Informatics Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Erik Perjons, Benkt Wangler, Jaana Wäyrynen, Rose-mharie ÅhlfeldtAbstract:To be efficient and patient focused, healthcare units need to be Process oriented and integrated with the Processes and IT systems of other healthcare units. A Process Manager facilitates integration of different systems by using graphical and executable Process models. The Process Manager also communicates directly with healthcare personnel via desktop computers and mobile devices. This article reports on a Swedish project where a prototype system was developed and tested with several healthcare units. The experience shows several advantages and opportunities. For example, current information about patients can be transferred automatically between healthcare units; resource intensive manual tasks can be replaced with automated tasks; and long-term Process monitoring and quality assessment can be enabled. However, introducing a Process Manager requires attention to issues of security, ethics and legality. Healthcare units may also show differences in security awareness and IT maturity, which could obstruct the introduction of a Process Manager.
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Efficient and Secure Process and IT-integration in Healthcare Using Process Manager Technology
2005Co-Authors: Erik Perjons, Benkt Wangler, Rose-mharie ÅhlfeldtAbstract:Efficient and Secure Process and IT-integration in Healthcare Using Process Manager Technology
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Process Oriented Information Systems Architectures in Healthcare
Health Informatics Journal, 2003Co-Authors: Benkt Wangler, Rose-mharie Åhlfeldt, Erik PerjonsAbstract:In order to create value for customers efficiently and to avoid unnecessary or redundant activity, organizations need IT support that interacts well with their business Processes. In addition, healthcare organizations require transparent communication between the various actors and between IT systems. A new type of Process oriented integration architecture has been developed using software devices known as Process Managers. These use simple graphical models to visualize business Process integration and facilitate its management and monitoring. This article discusses the benefits and difficulties of introducing Process Manager technology into healthcare, based on a project to integrate IT systems over the patient Process and across several organizations. Particular problems are caused by communication across organizational boundaries, e.g. due to security issues. However, the technology is able to manage and monitor Processes and to make communication simpler and saf
Joshua T. Gyory - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Influence of Process Management: Uncovering the Impact of Real-Time Managerial Interventions via a Topic Modeling Approach
Journal of Mechanical Design, 2021Co-Authors: Joshua T. Gyory, Kenneth Kotovsky, Jonathan CaganAbstract:Abstract Computationally studying team discourse can provide valuable, real-time insights into the state of design teams and design cognition during problem-solving. The particular experimental design, adopted from previous work by the authors, places one of the design team conditions under the guidance of a human Process Manager. In that work, teams under this Process management outperformed the unmanaged teams in terms of their design performance. This opens the opportunity to not only model design discourse during problem solving, but more critically, to explore Process Manager interventions and their impact on design cognition. Utilizing this experimental framework, a topic model is trained on the discourse of human designers of both managed and unmanaged teams collaboratively solving a conceptual engineering design task. Results show that the two team conditions significantly differ in a number of the extracted topics, and in particular, those topics that most pertain to the Manager interventions. A dynamic look during the design Process reveals that the largest differences between the managed and unmanaged teams occur during the latter half of problem-solving. Furthermore, a before and after analysis of the topic-motivated interventions reveals that the Process Manager interventions significantly shift the topic mixture of the team members’ discourse immediately after intervening. Taken together, these results from this work not only corroborate the effect of the Process Manager interventions on design team discourse and cognition but provide promise for the computational detection and facilitation of design interventions based on real-time, discourse data.
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A Topic Modeling Approach to Study the Impact of Manager Interventions on Design Team Cognition
Volume 8: 32nd International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM), 2020Co-Authors: Joshua T. Gyory, Kenneth Kotovsky, Jonathan CaganAbstract:Abstract In order to computationally study design cognition under design Process management, this work utilizes a topic modeling approach to analyze design team discourse during problem-solving. The particular experimental design, from previous work by the authors, places one of the design team conditions under the guidance of a human Process Manager. In that work, teams under this guidance outperformed the unmanaged teams in terms of their design solutions. This opens the opportunity to not only model design discourse during problem solving, but also explore the impact of Process Manager interventions and their impact on design cognition. Utilizing this approach, a topic model is trained on discourse of human designers, for both managed and unmanaged teams, collaboratively solving a design problem. Results show that the two team conditions significantly differ in a number of the extracted topics, and in particular, those topics that most pertain to the Manager interventions. Furthermore, a before and after analysis of the topic-motivated interventions, reveals that the Process Manager interventions significantly shift the topic mixture of the team members’ discourse toward that of the interventions immediately after they are provided. Together, these results not only corroborate the effect of the Process Manager interventions on design team discourse and cognition, but provide promise in the computational detection and facilitation of design interventions based on real-time discourse data.
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Are you better off alone? Mitigating the underperformance of engineering teams during conceptual design through adaptive Process management
Research in Engineering Design, 2019Co-Authors: Joshua T. Gyory, Jonathan Cagan, Kenneth KotovskyAbstract:Teams are a major feature of engineering and are commonly thought to be necessary when solving dynamic and complex problems. Even though teams collectively provide a diversity of knowledge, skills, and perspectives to problem-solving, previous work has demonstrated that in certain scenarios, such as in language-based and more spatially oriented configuration design problems, the production by a team is inferior to that of a similar number of individuals working independently (i.e., nominal team). This research explores this comparison of individual versus group problem-solving within the domain of conceptual engineering design. Thus, a behavioral study was run with freshman engineering students, who solved a conceptual engineering design problem individually or collaboratively in a team. Results corroborate previous findings, exhibiting that individuals outperform teams in the overall quality of their design solutions, even within this more free-flowing and explorative setting of conceptual design. Exploiting this result, this work further considers whether adaptive feedback from a Process Manager can lessen the underperformance of collaborative design teams compared to individuals, by helping teams overcome potential deterrents that may be contributing to their inferior performance. Teams that are under the guidance of a Process Manager end up performing better than teams that are not in terms of solution quality, and almost as well as individuals, though not significantly different. This result suggests that Process Managers are able to mitigate some of the deficiencies in design teams. In an attempt to uncover some of the cognitive rationale and strategies that may be beneficial throughout problem-solving, the Managerial interactions with the design teams are then investigated. Furthermore, to determine the reason of the collaborative teams’ underperformance, the effect of verbalization is studied as a possible cognitive hindrance. In the end, this work expands growing research on team problem-solving in engineering, and suggests that collaborative teams may not be optimal in every circumstance, but under the proper Process management, can become substantially more effective.
Meichun Hsu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CEC - How public conversation management integrated with local business Process management
Information Systems and e-Business Management, 2003Co-Authors: Qiming Chen, Meichun Hsu, V MehtaAbstract:In order for enterprises to collaborate at the business-Process level, they must deal with two kinds of Processes: the public conversation Processes specifying inter-enterprise document flows, and the private business Processes specifying local workflows of document manipulation and other related tasks. The provisioning, interaction and integration of conversation management and business Process management, have become the common interest of the e-business (electronic business) industry. We discuss the relationship and interaction between conversation management and business Process management; point out the difference between public conversation Processes (e.g. BPSS Processes) and peer-conversation Processes (e.g. BPEL4WS Processes). We then illustrate our collaborative Process management system that has functionally separated conversation Manager and business Process Manager. The conversation Manager is based on the ebXML (Extensible Markup Language) BPSS (Business Process Execution Language) standard; it is used for validating document exchange at run-time and for activating corresponding Process tasks. We have also proposed the conversation model driven asynchronous task activation mechanism for interaction between a conversation Process and the coupled business Process dynamically. With this mechanism, generic APIs (application program interfaces) between the conversation Manager and the business Process Manager can be easily defined and used by multiple plugged-in conversation Managers.
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Inter-enterprise collaborative business Process management
Proceedings 17th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2001Co-Authors: Qiming Chen, Meichun HsuAbstract:Conventional workflow systems are primarily designed for intra-enterprise Process management, and they are hardly used to handle Processes with tasks and data separated by enterprise boundaries, for reasons such as security, privacy, sharability, firewalls, etc. Further, the cooperation of multiple enterprises is often based on peer-to-peer interactions rather than centralized coordination. As a result, the conventional centralized Process management architecture does not fit into the picture of inter-enterprise business-to-business e-commerce. We have developed a Collaborative Process Manager (CPM) to support decentralized, peer-to-peer Process management for inter-enterprise collaboration at the business Process level. A collaborative Process is not handled by a centralized workflow engine, but by multiple CPMs, each representing a player in the business Process. Each CPM is used to schedule, dispatch and control the tasks of the Process that the player is responsible for, and the CPMs interoperate through an inter-CPM messaging protocol. We have implemented CPM and embedded it into a dynamic software agent architecture, E-Carry, that we developed at HP Labs, to elevate multi-agent cooperation from the conversation level to the Process level for mediating e-commerce applications.
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ICDE - Inter-enterprise collaborative business Process management
Proceedings 17th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2001Co-Authors: Qiming Chen, Meichun HsuAbstract:Conventional workflow systems are primarily designed for intra-enterprise Process management, and they are hardly used to handle Processes with tasks and data separated by enterprise boundaries, for reasons such as security, privacy, sharability, firewalls, etc. Further, the cooperation of multiple enterprises is often based on peer-to-peer interactions rather than centralized coordination. As a result, the conventional centralized Process management architecture does not fit into the picture of inter-enterprise business-to-business e-commerce. We have developed a Collaborative Process Manager (CPM) to support decentralized, peer-to-peer Process management for inter-enterprise collaboration at the business Process level. A collaborative Process is not handled by a centralized workflow engine, but by multiple CPMs, each representing a player in the business Process. Each CPM is used to schedule, dispatch and control the tasks of the Process that the player is responsible for, and the CPMs interoperate through an inter-CPM messaging protocol. We have implemented CPM and embedded it into a dynamic software agent architecture, E-Carry, that we developed at HP Labs, to elevate multi-agent cooperation from the conversation level to the Process level for mediating e-commerce applications.
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ISADS - How agents from different e-commerce enterprises cooperate
Proceedings 5th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, 2001Co-Authors: Qiming Chen, Meichun Hsu, Igor KleynerAbstract:Using agent technology to support e-commerce automation is a promising direction. However, previous "proof-of-concept" efforts do not scale well in e-commerce automation. An essential reason is that the conventional agent infrastructures are primarily designed for intra-enterprise, group-based agent cooperation, but most e-commerce applications are based on inter-enterprise business partnership. Agents across enterprise boundaries are unlikely to be organized into the same "agent group" and under a centralized coordination. We tackle the issue of scaling inter-enterprise agent cooperation from the following three angles. First, we have introduced the point of presence (POP) approach for integrating message-based agent communication with interface-based service invocation. This approach allows us to unify the messaging service interface for all the agents, and therefore greatly simplify both server-side and client-side interface implementation and maintenance. Next, we have developed the agent-embedded cooperative Process Manager, for elevating multi-agent cooperation from the conversation level to the business Process level, and from centralized Process management to peer-to-peer cooperative Process management. These emerging technologies are integrated with the E-Carry agent infrastructure, an autonomous and decentralized system we developed at HP Labs. The feasibility of this approach have been demonstrated in a prototyping system.