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Freire De Melo Ximenes, Maria De Fátima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Histomorphological Characteristics of Digestive and Reproductive Organs of Lutzomyia wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson (Diptera, Psychodidae)
Entomologistas do Brasil, 2013Co-Authors: Pegado Silva, Vanessa Escóssia, Freitas, Maria De Lourdes, Da Silva, Naissandra Bezerra, Pinheiro, Marcos Paulo Gomes, Freire De Melo Ximenes, Maria De FátimaAbstract:Sandflies are important vectors of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis in different countries. This study aimed at analyzing the histomorphological characteristics of digestive and reproductive organs in Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson) using light microscopy techniques. Thirty females from the rural area of Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte state were selected, microsectioned and analyzed with an optical microscope using conventional hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results show three well-characterized regions in the digestive tube: the stomodeum, mesentery and Proctodeum. The stomodeum is lined internally with a basal and epithelial membrane; the mesentery has a peritrophic matrix formed above the stomodeum lining consisting of the simple cubic epithelium overlapping the conjunctive, also common to a capsule of gonadal lining; and the Proctodeum, which structurally resembles the mesentery, but with a pyloric sphincter limiting the posterior midgut. Enveloping the digestive tube is the peritoneal membrane, of mesodermal origin. Richly-detailed internal morphological characteristics of L. wellcomei have widened knowledge of this Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna)-transmitting species, an etiologic agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Características Histomorfológicas de Órgãos da Digestão de Lutzomyia wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson (Diptera, Psychodidae) Resumo. Os flebotomíneos se destacam como importantes transmissores das leishmanioses tegumentar e visceral em diferentes países. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar características histomorfológicas de órgãos da digestão de Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson) por meio de técnicas de microscopia. Trinta fêmeas provenientes de área rural do município de Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte foram selecionadas, microseccionadas e analisadas por microscopia ótica. Métodos de coloração histológica por hematoxilina-eosina foram empregados nas análises. Os resultados mostram o trato digestório com as três regiões bem caracterizadas, estomodeo, mesêntero e proctodeo. O estomodeo possui uma membrana basal e uma membrana epitelial que o reveste internamente; o mesêntero possui matriz peritrófica formada acima do revestimento do estomodeo constituído de epitélio cúbico simples sobreposto ao conjuntivo comum também a uma cápsula de revestimento gonadal; e o proctodeo que se assemelha estruturalmente com o mesêntero, possuindo ainda, uma região pilórica limitando o intestino médio do posterior. Envolvendo o tubo digestório, está a membrana peritonial, de origem mesodérmica. As características morfológicas internas, observadas com riqueza de detalhes em L. wellcomei ampliam o conhecimento acerca dessa espécie, transmissora de Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna), agente etiológico de leishmaniose tegumentar americana
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Histomorphological Characteristics of Digestive Organs of Lutzomyia wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson (Diptera, Psychodidae)
2013Co-Authors: Escóssia Pegado Silva Vanessa, Bezerra Da Silva, Naissandra, Gomes Pinheiro, Marcos Paulo, Freitas, Maria De Lourdes, Freire De Melo Ximenes, Maria De FátimaAbstract:Sandflies are important vectors of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis in different countries. This study aimed at analyzing the histomorphological characteristics of digestive and reproductive organs in Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson) using light microscopy techniques. Thirty females from the rural area of Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte state were selected, microsectioned and analyzed with an optical microscope using conventional hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results show three well-characterized regions in the digestive tube: the stomodeum, mesentery and Proctodeum. The stomodeum is lined internally with a basal and epithelial membrane; the mesentery has a peritrophic matrix formed above the stomodeum lining consisting of the simple cubic epithelium overlapping the conjunctive, also common to a capsule of gonadal lining; and the Proctodeum, which structurally resembles the mesentery, but with a pyloric sphincter limiting the posterior midgut. Enveloping the digestive tube is the peritoneal membrane, of mesodermal origin. Richly-detailed internal morphological characteristics of L. wellcomei have widened knowledge of this Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna)-transmitting species, an etiologic agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.Os flebotomíneos se destacam como importantes transmissores das leishmanioses tegumentar e visceral em diferentes países. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar características histomorfológicas de órgãos da digestão de Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson) por meio de técnicas de microscopia. Trinta fêmeas provenientes de área rural do município de Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte foram selecionadas, microseccionadas e analisadas por microscopia ótica. Métodos de coloração histológica por hematoxilina-eosina foram empregados nas análises. Os resultados mostram o trato digestório com as três regiões bem caracterizadas, estomodeo, mesêntero e proctodeo. O estomodeo possui uma membrana basal e uma membrana epitelial que o reveste internamente; o mesêntero possui matriz peritrófica formada acima do revestimento do estomodeo constituído de epitélio cúbico simples sobreposto ao conjuntivo comum também a uma cápsula de revestimento gonadal; e o proctodeo que se assemelha estruturalmente com o mesêntero, possuindo ainda, uma região pilórica limitando o intestino médio do posterior. Envolvendo o tubo digestório, está a membrana peritonial, de origem mesodérmica. As características morfológicas internas, observadas com riqueza de detalhes em L. wellcomei ampliam o conhecimento acerca dessa espécie, transmissora de Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna), agente etiológico de leishmaniose tegumentar americana
Luis Sampedro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in the fatty acid profiles through the digestive tract of the earthworm lumbricus terrestris l
Applied Soil Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Luis Sampedro, Joann K WhalenAbstract:The gut of many soil arthropods contains a complex and mutualistic microbial community that usually assists the host with digestion. The same is probably true for earthworms, but the nature and function of the microbiota inhabiting their gut are virtually unknown. In this paper, we studied the microbial community in the gut content of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. and in the bulk soil by assessing their fatty acid (FA) profiles. Our results indicated that the total FA concentration in the earthworm gut was abouttwoordersof magnitudegreaterthan inbulk soil,with higherconcentrationof bacteria (upto 500-fold),fungaland metazoanderived FAs. Several FAs appearing in the gut were not present in bulk soil. PCA analysis revealed that the microbial community in the gut was different from that in the bulk soil, and that significant changes occurred between midgut, hindgut and Proctodeum. Cluster analysis of bacterial and fungal-derived FA profiles grouped the bulk soil samples apart from the gut samples, where the hindgut profiles were more closely related to those from the Proctodeum than those from the midgut. We showed important changes in the FA concentration and composition occurring at very small spatial scales inside the gut of the earthworm L. terrestris. These results have implications for understanding earthworm digestion, and they suggest that the microbial community in the earthworm gut is not a casual combination of microorganisms already present in the soil. Further study is needed to determine how these gut microbial communities are involved in earthworm digestion processes. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Changes in the fatty acid profiles through the digestive tract of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L.
2007Co-Authors: Luis Sampedro, Joann K WhalenAbstract:Abstract The gut of many soil arthropods contains a complex and mutualistic microbial community that usually assists the host with digestion. The same is probably true for earthworms, but the nature and function of the microbiota inhabiting their gut are virtually unknown. In this paper, we studied the microbial community in the gut content of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. and in the bulk soil by assessing their fatty acid (FA) profiles. Our results indicated that the total FA concentration in the earthworm gut was about two orders of magnitude greater than in bulk soil, with higher concentration of bacteria (up to 500-fold), fungal and metazoanderived FAs. Several FAs appearing in the gut were not present in bulk soil. PCA analysis revealed that the microbial community in the gut was different from that in the bulk soil, and that significant changes occurred between midgut, hindgut and Proctodeum. Cluster analysis of bacterial and fungal-derived FA profiles grouped the bulk soil samples apart from the gut samples, where the hindgut profiles were more closely related to those from the Proctodeum than those from the midgut. We showed important changes in the FA concentration and composition occurring at very small spatial scales inside the gut of the earthworm L. terrestris. These results have implications for understanding earthworm digestion, and they suggest that the microbial community in the earthworm gut is not a casual combination of microorganisms already present in the soil. Further study is needed to determine how these gut microbial communities are involved in earthworm digestion processes.
Joann K Whalen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in the fatty acid profiles through the digestive tract of the earthworm lumbricus terrestris l
Applied Soil Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Luis Sampedro, Joann K WhalenAbstract:The gut of many soil arthropods contains a complex and mutualistic microbial community that usually assists the host with digestion. The same is probably true for earthworms, but the nature and function of the microbiota inhabiting their gut are virtually unknown. In this paper, we studied the microbial community in the gut content of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. and in the bulk soil by assessing their fatty acid (FA) profiles. Our results indicated that the total FA concentration in the earthworm gut was abouttwoordersof magnitudegreaterthan inbulk soil,with higherconcentrationof bacteria (upto 500-fold),fungaland metazoanderived FAs. Several FAs appearing in the gut were not present in bulk soil. PCA analysis revealed that the microbial community in the gut was different from that in the bulk soil, and that significant changes occurred between midgut, hindgut and Proctodeum. Cluster analysis of bacterial and fungal-derived FA profiles grouped the bulk soil samples apart from the gut samples, where the hindgut profiles were more closely related to those from the Proctodeum than those from the midgut. We showed important changes in the FA concentration and composition occurring at very small spatial scales inside the gut of the earthworm L. terrestris. These results have implications for understanding earthworm digestion, and they suggest that the microbial community in the earthworm gut is not a casual combination of microorganisms already present in the soil. Further study is needed to determine how these gut microbial communities are involved in earthworm digestion processes. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Changes in the fatty acid profiles through the digestive tract of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L.
2007Co-Authors: Luis Sampedro, Joann K WhalenAbstract:Abstract The gut of many soil arthropods contains a complex and mutualistic microbial community that usually assists the host with digestion. The same is probably true for earthworms, but the nature and function of the microbiota inhabiting their gut are virtually unknown. In this paper, we studied the microbial community in the gut content of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. and in the bulk soil by assessing their fatty acid (FA) profiles. Our results indicated that the total FA concentration in the earthworm gut was about two orders of magnitude greater than in bulk soil, with higher concentration of bacteria (up to 500-fold), fungal and metazoanderived FAs. Several FAs appearing in the gut were not present in bulk soil. PCA analysis revealed that the microbial community in the gut was different from that in the bulk soil, and that significant changes occurred between midgut, hindgut and Proctodeum. Cluster analysis of bacterial and fungal-derived FA profiles grouped the bulk soil samples apart from the gut samples, where the hindgut profiles were more closely related to those from the Proctodeum than those from the midgut. We showed important changes in the FA concentration and composition occurring at very small spatial scales inside the gut of the earthworm L. terrestris. These results have implications for understanding earthworm digestion, and they suggest that the microbial community in the earthworm gut is not a casual combination of microorganisms already present in the soil. Further study is needed to determine how these gut microbial communities are involved in earthworm digestion processes.
Moreira J. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Digestive System Morphology Of Nasutitermes Rotundatus (isoptera: Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)
2015Co-Authors: Moreira J., Neves C.a., Araujo V.a., Cruz L.c., Moreira P.a., Rocha S.l.Abstract:The digestive system of Nasutitermes rotundatus (Termitidae) workers is comprised of foregut, midgut, the mixed segment, and the hindgut. The walls of the oesophagus and crop are composed by the simple cubic epithelium. The wall of the gizzard presents three sets of highly developed longitudinal folds. The oesophageal valve is folded and pervades the midgut. At the midgut, there were identified digestive cells, which presented visible striated borders, and the undifFerentiated regenerative cells. At the transition from the midgut to the hindgut, there is a mixed segment, which presents three types of epithelia. The first proctodeal segment presents a short cuboidal epithelium without striated borders. The enteric valve connects the first segment of Proctodeum to the paunch, which is the most dilated segment of the digestive tract. At the distal region, the paunch becomes narrow and originates the colon. This segment presents the smallest diameter among all others in the digestive tract. At the rectum, the internal circular as well as the external longitudinal muscular bundles are thick. The epithelium between the rectum papillae is simple squamous with metachromatic intima. At the papillae, the epithelium is stratified, presenting cuboidal cells covering the squamous cells.513563578Back, H.I.J., Okwakol, M.N.J., Agricultural intensification, soil biodiversity and agroecosystem function in the tropics: The role of termites (1997) Applied Soil Ecology, 6, pp. 37-53Bignell, D.E., Oskarsson, H., Anderson, J.M., Ineson, P., Structure, microbial associations and function of the so-called "mixed segment" of the gut in two soil-feeding termites, Procubitermes aburiensis and Cubitermes severus (Termitidae, Termitinae) (1983) Journal of Zoology, 201, pp. 445-480Brusaard, L., Soil fauna, guilds, functional groups and ecosystem processes (1998) Applied Soil Ecology, 9, pp. 123-135Chapman, R.F., (1998) The insects: Structure and function, , New York, Elsevier. 918pCosta-leonardo, A.M., Kitayama, K., Frontal gland dehiscence in the Brazilian termite Serritermes serrifer (Isoptera: Serritermitidae) (1991) Sociobiology, 19, pp. 333-338Costa-Leonardo, A.M., Morphology of the digestive tube in the termite Serritermes serrifer (Isoptera, Serritermitidae) (1995) Naturalia, 20, pp. 31-44Cruz-Landim, C., Costa-Leonardo, A.M., Functional adaptations of the epithelium from different gut segments of Grigiotermes bequaerti (Isoptera, Termitidae, Apicotermitinae) (1990) Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 34, pp. 669-678Cruz-Landim, C., Costa-Leonardo, A.M., Ultrastructure of cell renewal in the midgut of termites (1996) Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 91, pp. 129-130Donovan, S.E., A morphological study of the enteric valves of the Afrotropical Apicotermitinae (Isoptera: Termitidae) (2002) Journal of the Natural History, 36, pp. 1823-1840Donovan, S.E., Eggleton, P., Bignell, D., Gut content analysis and a new feeding group classification of termites (2001) Ecological Entomology, 9, pp. 356-366Donovan, S.E., Jones, D.T., Sands, W.A., Eggleton, P., The morphological phylogenetics of termites (Isoptera) (2000) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 70, pp. 467-513Dow, J.A.T., Insect midgut function (1986) Advances in Insect Physiology, 19, pp. 188-328Endo, Y., Sugihara, H., Fujita, S., Nishiitsutsuji-Uwo, J., Kinetics of columnar and endocrine cells in the cockroach midgut (1983) Biomedical Res, 4, pp. 51-60França, A.A.P., Neves, C.A., Cruz, L.C., Vianna, P.W.S., Serrão, J.E., Regenerative cells in the midgut of Meliponaquadrifasciata anthidioides (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini): Acomparative study of workers and queens (2006) Brazilian Journal of Morphological Sciences, 23, pp. 129-136Grassé, P.P., Noirot, C., Apicotermes arquieri (Isoptère): Ses constructions, sa biologie. Considerations genèrales sur la sous-famille des Apicotermitinae nov. (1954) Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 16, pp. 345-388Godoy, M.C., Torales, G.J., Morfología del tubo digestivo de obreras del género Termes (Isoptera: Termitidae). (1993) Revista de la Sociedad Entomogica Argentina, 52, pp. 123-132Godoy, M.C., Gut Structure of Two Species of the Neotropical Genus Tauritermes Krishna (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) (2004) Neotropical Entomology, 33, pp. 163-167Inoue T., O. Kitade, T. Yoshimura & I. Yamaoka. 2000. Symbiotic associations with protists. Pp 275-288 in Abe, T, D.E. Bignell & M. Higashi (eds.). Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 488ppJohnson, R.A., Configuration of the digestive tube as an aid to identification of worker Termitidae (Isoptera) (1979) Systematic Entomology, 4, pp. 31-34Krishna, K., Taxonomy, phylogeny and distribution of termite (1970) Biology of termites, 2. , Krishna, K. & F.M. Weesner eds, Academic Press, New York and London. 643 ppNeves, C.A., Serrão, J.E., Gitirana, L.B., Ultrastructural study of the metamorphosis in the midgut of Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides (Apidae, Meliponini) worker (2003) Sociobiology, 41, pp. 443-459Noirot, C., Recherches sur le polymorphisme des termites supérieurs (Termitidae). (1955) Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie, 17, pp. 399-595Noirot, C., Noirot-Timotheé, C., The digestive system (1969) Biology of termites, 2, pp. 49-88. , Krishna, K. & F.M. Weesner eds, Academic Press, New York and London, ppOliveira, G.M.F., Cruz-Landim, C., Costa-Leonardo, A.M., Morfologia da moela em Rugitermes niger (Kalotermitidae) e Armitermes euamignathus (Termitidae). (1987) Ciência e Cultura, 39, pp. 753-756Tayassu, T., Abe, T., Eggleton, P., Bignell, D., Nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in termites: An indicator of trophic habit along the gradient from wood-feeding to soil-feeding (1997) Ecological Entomology, 22, pp. 343-351Terra, R.W., Physiology and biochemistry of insect digestion: An evolutionary perspective (1988) Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 21, pp. 675-734Tokuda, G., Watanabe, H., Matsumoto, T., Noda, H., Cellulose digestion in the wood-eating higher termite, Nasutitermes takasagoensis (Shiraki): Distribution of cellulases and properties of endo-β-1,4- glucanase (1997) Zoological Science, 14, pp. 83-93Tokuda, G., Lo, N., Watanabe, H., Slaytor, M., Matsumoto, T., Noda, H., Metazoan cellulase genes from termites: Intron/exon structures and sites of expression (1999) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1447, pp. 146-159Tokuda, G., Yamaoka, I., Noda, H., Localization of symbiot Clostridia in the mixed segment of the termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis (Shiraki) (2000) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66 (5), pp. 2199-2207Tokuda, G., Nakamura, T., Murakami, R., Yamaoka, I., Morphology of the digestive system in the wood-feeding termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis (Shiraki) [Isoptera: Termitidae] (2001) Zoological Science, 18, pp. 869-877Zudaire, E., Simpson, S.J., ILLA, I., Montuenga, M., Dietary influences overproliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the locust midgut (2004) The Journal of Experimental Biology, 207, pp. 2255-2265Yoshimura, T., Tsunoda, K., Takahashi, M., Degradation of wood in the digestive tract of a higher termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis (Shiraki) (Isoptera: Termitidae) (1996) Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 42 (12), pp. 1250-125
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Digestive System Morphology Of Nasutitermes Rotundatus (isoptera: Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)
2015Co-Authors: Moreira J., Neves C.a., Araujo V.a., Cruz L.c., Moreira P.a., Rocha S.l.Abstract:The digestive system of Nasutitermes rotundatus (Termitidae) workers is comprised of foregut, midgut, the mixed segment, and the hindgut. The walls of the oesophagus and crop are composed by the simple cubic epithelium. The wall of the gizzard presents three sets of highly developed longitudinal folds. The oesophageal valve is folded and pervades the midgut. At the midgut, there were identified digestive cells, which presented visible striated borders, and the undifFerentiated regenerative cells. At the transition from the midgut to the hindgut, there is a mixed segment, which presents three types of epithelia. The first proctodeal segment presents a short cuboidal epithelium without striated borders. The enteric valve connects the first segment of Proctodeum to the paunch, which is the most dilated segment of the digestive tract. At the distal region, the paunch becomes narrow and originates the colon. This segment presents the smallest diameter among all others in the digestive tract. At the rectum, the internal circular as well as the external longitudinal muscular bundles are thick. The epithelium between the rectum papillae is simple squamous with metachromatic intima. At the papillae, the epithelium is stratified, presenting cuboidal cells covering the squamous cells
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Digestive system morphology of Nasutitermes rotundatus (Isoptera : Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)
California State Univ, 2015Co-Authors: Moreira J., Ca Neves, Va Araujo, Araujo Apa, Lc Cruz, Pa Moreira, Sl RochaAbstract:The digestive system of Nasutitermes rotundatus (Termitidae) workers is comprised of foregut, midgut, the mixed segment, and the hindgut. The walls of the oesophagus and crop are composed by the simple cubic epithelium. The wall of the gizzard presents three sets of highly developed longitudinal folds. The oesophageal valve is folded and pervades the midgut. At the midgut, there were identified digestive cells, which presented visible striated borders, and the undifferentiated regenerative cells. At the transition from the midgut to the hindgut, there is a mixed segment, which presents three types of epithelia. The first proctodeal segment presents a short cuboidal epithelium without striated borders. The enteric valve connects the first segment of Proctodeum to the paunch, which is the most dilated segment of the digestive tract. At the distal region, the paunch becomes narrow and originates the colon. This segment presents the smallest diameter among all others in the digestive tract. At the rectum, the internal circular as well as the external longitudinal muscular bundles arc thick. The epithelium between the rectum papillae is simple squamous with metachromatic intima. At the papillae, the epithelium is stratified, presenting cuboidal cells covering the squamous Cells
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Digestive system morphology of Nasutitermes rotundatus (Isoptera : Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)
EUA, 2015Co-Authors: Moreira J., Ca Neves, Va Araujo, Araujo Apa, Lc Cruz, Pa Moreira, Sl RochaAbstract:Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)The digestive system of Nasutitermes rotundatus (Termitidae) workers is comprised of foregut, midgut, the mixed segment, and the hindgut. The walls of the oesophagus and crop are composed by the simple cubic epithelium. The wall of the gizzard presents three sets of highly developed longitudinal folds. The oesophageal valve is folded and pervades the midgut. At the midgut, there were identified digestive cells, which presented visible striated borders, and the undifferentiated regenerative cells. At the transition from the midgut to the hindgut, there is a mixed segment, which presents three types of epithelia. The first proctodeal segment presents a short cuboidal epithelium without striated borders. The enteric valve connects the first segment of Proctodeum to the paunch, which is the most dilated segment of the digestive tract. At the distal region, the paunch becomes narrow and originates the colon. This segment presents the smallest diameter among all others in the digestive tract. At the rectum, the internal circular as well as the external longitudinal muscular bundles arc thick. The epithelium between the rectum papillae is simple squamous with metachromatic intima. At the papillae, the epithelium is stratified, presenting cuboidal cells covering the squamous Cells.513563578Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Tait, Noel N - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Early development in the velvet worm Euperipatoides kanangrensis Reid 1996 (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae)
'Elsevier BV', 2012Co-Authors: Eriksson, Bo Joakim, Tait, Noel NAbstract:We present here a description of early development in the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis with emphasis on processes that are ambiguously described in older literature. Special focus has been on the pattern of early cleavage, blastoderm and germinal disc development and gastrulation. The formation of the blastopore, stomodeum and Proctodeum is described from sectioned material using light and transmission electron microscopy as well as whole-mount material stained for nuclei and gene expression. The early cleavages were found to be superficial, contrary to earlier descriptions of cleavage in yolky, ovoviviparous onychophorans. Also, contrary to earlier descriptions, the embryonic anterior-posterior axis is not predetermined in the egg. Our data support the view of a blastopore that becomes elongated and slit-like, resembling some of the earliest descriptions. From gene expression data, we concluded that the position of the Proctodeum is the most posterior pit in the developing embryo. This description of early development adds to our knowledge of the staging of embryonic development in onychophorans necessary for studies on the role of developmental changes in evolution.11 page(s