The Experts below are selected from a list of 114 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard Aaron Chastain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cleaning Up Punitive Damages: A Statutory Solution for Unguided Punitive-Damages Awards in Maritime Cases
Vanderbilt Law Review, 2010Co-Authors: Richard Aaron ChastainAbstract:I. INTRODUCTION Intentionally destroying Property-Boundary markers by sawing down the posts.1 Causing environmental disasters.2 Fraudulently refusing to settle insurance claims within coverage limits.3 Bad-faith dealing in big oil contracts.4 Hiding mild weather damage to new vehicles.5 Creating and marketing cigarettes while knowing about their carcinogenic risks.6 Contributing to automobile accidents.7 No, these are not items on some nefarious villain's to-do list. These are all examples of cases where courts have awarded punitive damages against the tortfeasors on top of their compensatory liability. While each tort is unquestionably wrong, some certainly appear more wrong than others. In recent years, punitive damages have become a fashionable topic in the legal community - and unsurprisingly so, given their prevalence and gaudy statistics. After all, civil plaintiffs in state courts of general jurisdiction win over $40 billion each year in punitive-damages awards,8 and this figure doesn't even include money recovered in federal court. Needless to say, such high figures draw attention. Commentators, judges, and even nonlawyers have all pointed to punitive-damages awards as evidence of a runaway judicial system that throws out fiscal penalties like Monopoly money. First to respond were the state legislatures. As of 2005, twentynine states have instituted statutory caps on punitive-damages recovery, and thirty-four states have amended their state codes to reduce the magnitudes and frequencies of punitive-damages awards.9 Most of these limitations were implemented within the last twenty years.10 The Supreme Court has also noticed the trend in punitivedamages awards. In a series of decisions from 1991 to 2003, the Court implemented procedural- and substantive-due-process restrictions on punitive-damages awards, culminating in a holding that punitivedamages awards more than nine times the magnitude of compensatory rewards would rarely satisfy due process requirements.11 More recently, in the litigation stemming from the Exxon Valdez oil spill, the Court used its common-law-making authority to place a more stringent ratio cap of one-to-one for punitiveto-compensatory damages in maritime cases.12 Despite the legislative and judicial changes to punitivedamages jurisprudence, the doctrine remains in a state of disarray. Some commentators call for the abolition of punitive damages altogether,13 while others bemoan the restrictions imposed by the Court and the state legislatures.14 It's easy to be pessimistic about the prospects of establishing a predictable, rational, and efficient system for awarding the damages. The real problem with punitive-damages jurisprudence is that neither the courts nor the political branches have decided what the damages stand for. Do they make up for the legal limits on a wronged plaintiffs compensation for his injuries? Are they meant to impose criminal-like sanctions on the wrongdoer that go beyond eye-for-aneye justice? Without a theory that defines the basic purpose for the damages, it has proven impossible to provide a reliable framework for calculating and limiting them. In this Note, I argue that the proper role - the only role - for punitive damages is to disincentivize tortfeasors from engaging in socially harmful conduct that would otherwise go undeterred. In order to establish this role for punitive damages, Congress should use its power to craft subject-matter jurisdiction over maritime law to establish a comprehensive, meaningful, and useful system for calculating punitive-damages awards to maximize effective deterrence in admiralty cases. While maritime law only encompasses a small portion of all punitive-damages jurisprudence, it is the ideal nesting ground for doctrine reform. Congress can transfer the authority to award punitive damages in maritime cases from juries to judges. Once judges are shown to be more competent and more consistent administrators of an organized, deterrent-maximizing punitivedamages framework in maritime cases, the states will follow suit by placing the power of awarding punitive damages solely in the hands of the judiciary. …
Robert M. Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hydrogen/rare-gas optimization by simple Boundary layer theory for diamond film deposition in arc-heated gas flows
Surface & Coatings Technology, 1994Co-Authors: Robert M. YoungAbstract:Abstract This analysis optimizes the amount of monatomic hydrogen produced by an arc-heated plasma torch against the thickness of the Boundary layer above a substrate target in stagnation flow. Large amounts of monatomic hydrogen are believed to be ideal for diamond growth, and thinner Boundary layers will permit more of the free-stream H to penetrate to the growing surface. A plateau-like optimum is found in the range 50%–80% hydrogen in the feedstock; this flat plateau indicates that process control can be made insensitive to composition. The optimum bulk temperature for a constant Property Boundary layer is found to be 4000 K, with the curve approaching this temperature being steepest around 3500 K. Since 3500 K is the typical bulk temperature achieved by arc-heaters, process control is particularly sensitive to the amount of power introduced into the gas stream. Finally, additional means of thinning the Boundary layer further are discussed.
Karen Corteen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Property, Boundary, Exclusion: Making Sense of Heterocentric Violence and Safer Spaces
2001Co-Authors: Beverley Skeggs, Leslie J. Moran, Paul Tyrer, Karen CorteenAbstract:This paper focuses on research conducted over a period of thirty months as part of a wider ESRC-funded initiative on violence. It focuses on the sustainability of safer gay space. This paper shows how the generation of the fear of the 'heterosexual other' functions to enable certain claims to be made on the space from a proprietorial aspect which includes recourse to purity, danger and respectability. This shows how Property relations become articulated as a Property of the person, demonstrating how entitlement to space is formed. It also explores how boundaries are being constructed and maintained in different (and often novel) ways and shows how different intelligibilities are constructed for understanding one's place through concepts of Property and propriety that relate to forms of investment and movement through space. It thus challenges traditional ideas on Boundary formation and maintenance. Ultimately it foregrounds how these understandings of bodies in space influence current articulations of citizenship and poltical participation. Cet article analyse des recherches effectuees au cours d'une periode de trente mois dans le cadre d'une etude plus large sur la violence, subventionnee par ESRC. Le theme principal est celui de la viabilite des espaces sans risque. Nous demontrons comment le maintien d'une peur de 'l'autre heterosexuel' sert a fonder certains droits envers ces espaces, droits qui sont relies a un sens de la propriete faisant appel a des notions de purete, danger et respectabilite. Notre analyse indique comment ces relations de propriete sont exprimees en fonction de la personne, demontrant ainsi comment se formule l'acces a l'espace. Elle demontre aussi les divers modes de construction et maintien des frontieres, et comment ceux-ci elaborent des cadres de perception permettant de comprendre la place de l'individu au sein des concepts de 'rectitude' et 'propriete' qui sont lies a des formes d'interaction avec l'espace. Finalement, notre etude questionne les idees traditionnelles quant a la formation et au maintien des frontieres, signalant ainsi comment l'analyse des corps dans l'espace ouvre de nouvelles voies d'etude ayant trait a la citoyenneteet al'exercise de droits politiques. El enfoque de este papel es una investigacion elaborada durante un periodo de 30 meses como parte de una iniciativa mas amplia sobre la violencia fundada por ESRC. El enfoque es sobre la sotenibilidad de sitios mas seguros para gays. Este papel demuestra como la generacion de miedo del 'Otro heterosexual' facilita ciertas reclamaciones sobre un espacio. Estas reclamaciones incluyen nociones de pureza, peligro y respetabildad y demuestran la manera en que las relaciones propietarias llegan a ser articuladas como propiedad de la persona y de ahi, como es formado el derecho a un espacio. Tambien examina como limites estan siendo construidos y mantenidos de diferentes maneras (muchas veces nuevas) y indica como uno construye diferentes inteligibilidades para mejor entender su lugar a traves de conceptos de propiedad y tenencia vinculados a formas de inversion y movimiento en un espacio. Asi desafia las ideas tradicionales de la formacion y mantenimiento de limites. Por ultimo destaca la manera en que este entendimiento de 'cuerpos en un espacio' influye en las ideas actuales de ciudadania y participacion politica.
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Property Boundary exclusion making sense of hetero violence in safer spaces
Social & Cultural Geography, 2001Co-Authors: Leslie J. Moran, Beverley Skeggs, Paul Tyrer, Karen CorteenAbstract:This paper focuses on research conducted over a period of thirty months as part of a wider ESRC-funded initiative on violence. It focuses on the sustainability of safer gay space. This paper shows how the generation of the fear of the 'heterosexual other' functions to enable certain claims to be made on the space from a proprietorial aspect which includes recourse to purity, danger and respectability. This shows how Property relations become articulated as a Property of the person, demonstrating how entitlement to space is formed. It also explores how boundaries are being constructed and maintained in different (and often novel) ways and shows how different intelligibilities are constructed for understanding one's place through concepts of Property and propriety that relate to forms of investment and movement through space. It thus challenges traditional ideas on Boundary formation and maintenance. Ultimately it foregrounds how these understandings of bodies in space influence current articulations of cit...
P. Snabre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Towards a generalized model for vertical walls to gas—solid fluidized beds heat transfer—I. Particle convection and gas convection
Chemical Engineering Science, 1993Co-Authors: Gilles Flamant, P. SnabreAbstract:Abstract A generalized theoretical model describing heat transfer in gas—solid bubbling fluidized beds with heat exchange walls is presented in this paper. With use of heterogeneous theory and the concept of variable Property Boundary layer for the emulsion phase, both particle and gas contributions are considered. The effect of controlling parameters, such as particle size, contact time, porosity profile, etc. is investigated and detailed information is obtained to analyze the heat transfer mechanism in fluidized beds. The comparison of predicted results with experimental data from literature indicates the validity of present model for fluidized beds of small and large particles (groups B and D).
Leslie J. Moran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Property, Boundary, Exclusion: Making Sense of Heterocentric Violence and Safer Spaces
2001Co-Authors: Beverley Skeggs, Leslie J. Moran, Paul Tyrer, Karen CorteenAbstract:This paper focuses on research conducted over a period of thirty months as part of a wider ESRC-funded initiative on violence. It focuses on the sustainability of safer gay space. This paper shows how the generation of the fear of the 'heterosexual other' functions to enable certain claims to be made on the space from a proprietorial aspect which includes recourse to purity, danger and respectability. This shows how Property relations become articulated as a Property of the person, demonstrating how entitlement to space is formed. It also explores how boundaries are being constructed and maintained in different (and often novel) ways and shows how different intelligibilities are constructed for understanding one's place through concepts of Property and propriety that relate to forms of investment and movement through space. It thus challenges traditional ideas on Boundary formation and maintenance. Ultimately it foregrounds how these understandings of bodies in space influence current articulations of citizenship and poltical participation. Cet article analyse des recherches effectuees au cours d'une periode de trente mois dans le cadre d'une etude plus large sur la violence, subventionnee par ESRC. Le theme principal est celui de la viabilite des espaces sans risque. Nous demontrons comment le maintien d'une peur de 'l'autre heterosexuel' sert a fonder certains droits envers ces espaces, droits qui sont relies a un sens de la propriete faisant appel a des notions de purete, danger et respectabilite. Notre analyse indique comment ces relations de propriete sont exprimees en fonction de la personne, demontrant ainsi comment se formule l'acces a l'espace. Elle demontre aussi les divers modes de construction et maintien des frontieres, et comment ceux-ci elaborent des cadres de perception permettant de comprendre la place de l'individu au sein des concepts de 'rectitude' et 'propriete' qui sont lies a des formes d'interaction avec l'espace. Finalement, notre etude questionne les idees traditionnelles quant a la formation et au maintien des frontieres, signalant ainsi comment l'analyse des corps dans l'espace ouvre de nouvelles voies d'etude ayant trait a la citoyenneteet al'exercise de droits politiques. El enfoque de este papel es una investigacion elaborada durante un periodo de 30 meses como parte de una iniciativa mas amplia sobre la violencia fundada por ESRC. El enfoque es sobre la sotenibilidad de sitios mas seguros para gays. Este papel demuestra como la generacion de miedo del 'Otro heterosexual' facilita ciertas reclamaciones sobre un espacio. Estas reclamaciones incluyen nociones de pureza, peligro y respetabildad y demuestran la manera en que las relaciones propietarias llegan a ser articuladas como propiedad de la persona y de ahi, como es formado el derecho a un espacio. Tambien examina como limites estan siendo construidos y mantenidos de diferentes maneras (muchas veces nuevas) y indica como uno construye diferentes inteligibilidades para mejor entender su lugar a traves de conceptos de propiedad y tenencia vinculados a formas de inversion y movimiento en un espacio. Asi desafia las ideas tradicionales de la formacion y mantenimiento de limites. Por ultimo destaca la manera en que este entendimiento de 'cuerpos en un espacio' influye en las ideas actuales de ciudadania y participacion politica.
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Property Boundary exclusion making sense of hetero violence in safer spaces
Social & Cultural Geography, 2001Co-Authors: Leslie J. Moran, Beverley Skeggs, Paul Tyrer, Karen CorteenAbstract:This paper focuses on research conducted over a period of thirty months as part of a wider ESRC-funded initiative on violence. It focuses on the sustainability of safer gay space. This paper shows how the generation of the fear of the 'heterosexual other' functions to enable certain claims to be made on the space from a proprietorial aspect which includes recourse to purity, danger and respectability. This shows how Property relations become articulated as a Property of the person, demonstrating how entitlement to space is formed. It also explores how boundaries are being constructed and maintained in different (and often novel) ways and shows how different intelligibilities are constructed for understanding one's place through concepts of Property and propriety that relate to forms of investment and movement through space. It thus challenges traditional ideas on Boundary formation and maintenance. Ultimately it foregrounds how these understandings of bodies in space influence current articulations of cit...
