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J M Morton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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components of the covariances between reproductive performance traits and milk Protein Concentration and milk yield in dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 2018Co-Authors: J M Morton, J E Pryce, M HailemariamAbstract:ABSTRACT Reproductive performance in dairy cows can be improved through genetic selection and herd management. Milk Protein Concentration is strongly associated with various measures of reproductive performance, but the relative importance of genetic and environmental components of these associations have not been defined. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the magnitudes of correlations and covariances between 9 reproductive performance traits in dairy cows and each of milk Protein Concentration and milk yield at 4 levels: genetic, permanent environmental effects of cow, herd-year-season, and residual levels. A retrospective single cohort study was conducted using data collected from seasonally and split calving dairy herds. We used animal models to partition covariances for the relationships between 9 fertility traits and each of milk Protein Concentration and milk yield at lactation level, with up to 80,203 lactations from 27,244 cows that were 780 herd-year-seasons in 65 herds. For the fertility traits, of the explained covariance with milk Protein Concentration, between 33 and 79% (median 53%) was genetic and 21 to 67% (median 47%) was nongenetic. We concluded that research should be conducted to identify management strategies that capture the nongenetic components of relationships between milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance. Genetic correlations with milk Protein Concentration were generally similar to genetic correlations with milk yield, but the correlation with milk Protein Concentration was closer (i.e., the absolute value of the correlation coefficient was nearer to 1) for pregnant by wk 6, a key trait for seasonally and split calving dairy herds (correlation coefficient ± standard error=0.28 ± 0.05 and −0.17 ± 0.07 for milk Protein Concentration and milk yield, respectively). As the associations also have substantial genetic components, it is possible that reliabilities of estimated breeding values for fertility may be improved by including milk Protein Concentration in multitrait genetic evaluation models for fertility traits. From our preliminary analyses, reliabilities were only slightly higher when pregnancy by wk 6 of the breeding period was analyzed with milk Protein Concentration rather than alone or with milk yield, but further research should be considered to assess this question. Importantly, the benefits of these strong relationships can only be fully harnessed through joint use of both management strategies and genetic strategies.
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milk Protein Concentration estimated breeding value for fertility and reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 2017Co-Authors: J M Morton, M J Auldist, Meaghan L Douglas, K L MacmillanAbstract:Milk Protein Concentration in dairy cows has been positively associated with a range of measures of reproductive performance, and genetic factors affecting both milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance may contribute to the observed phenotypic associations. It was of interest to assess whether these beneficial phenotypic associations are accounted for or interact with the effects of estimated breeding values for fertility. The effects of a multitrait estimated breeding value for fertility [the Australian breeding value for daughter fertility (ABV fertility)] on reproductive performance were also of interest. Interactions of milk Protein Concentration and ABV fertility with the interval from calving date to the start of the herd's seasonally concentrated breeding period were also assessed. A retrospective single cohort study was conducted using data collected from 74 Australian seasonally and split calving dairy herds. Associations between milk Protein Concentration, ABV fertility, and reproductive performance in Holstein cows were assessed using random effects logistic regression. Between 52,438 and 61,939 lactations were used for analyses of 4 reproductive performance measures. Milk Protein Concentration was strongly and positively associated with reproductive performance in dairy cows, and this effect was not accounted for by the effects of ABV fertility. Increases in ABV fertility had important additional beneficial effects on the probability of pregnancy by wk 6 and 21 of the herd's breeding period. For cows calved before the start of the breeding period, the effects of increases in both milk Protein Concentration and ABV fertility were beneficial regardless of their interval from calving to the start of the breeding period. These findings demonstrate the potential for increasing reproductive performance through identifying the causes of the association between milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance and then devising management strategies to capitalize on them. Research should be conducted to understand the component of the relationship not captured by ABV fertility.
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associations between milk Protein Concentration milk yield and reproductive performance in dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 2016Co-Authors: J M Morton, M J Auldist, Meaghan L Douglas, K L MacmillanAbstract:Milk Protein Concentration in dairy cows has been positively associated with a range of measures of reproductive performance. It was possible that these associations were due to confounding by milk volume. A retrospective single cohort study was conducted using data collected from 74 dairy herds with seasonal or split calving patterns. Associations between milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows were assessed using random effects logistic regression. The key finding from this study was that the associations between milk Protein Concentration in early lactation and reproductive performance were not due to confounding by milk yield. Associations between milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance were weaker at higher early lactation milk yields, but positive associations were evident at all milk volumes assessed. The second major finding was that increases in milk yield were associated with improved proportions of cows pregnant by wk 6 and 21 at low to moderate milk Protein Concentrations but with decreases in these reproductive measures at high milk Protein Concentrations. Thus, no simple relationship is present between milk yield and reproductive performance; effects of milk yield depend on milk Protein Concentration. These results indicate that mechanisms causing the associations between milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance may be linked to milk yield but these mechanisms operate over a wide range of milk yields (<2,000 to ≥5,000kg in the first 120d of lactation). Further research is required to identify the causes of these associations.
K L Macmillan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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milk Protein Concentration estimated breeding value for fertility and reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 2017Co-Authors: J M Morton, M J Auldist, Meaghan L Douglas, K L MacmillanAbstract:Milk Protein Concentration in dairy cows has been positively associated with a range of measures of reproductive performance, and genetic factors affecting both milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance may contribute to the observed phenotypic associations. It was of interest to assess whether these beneficial phenotypic associations are accounted for or interact with the effects of estimated breeding values for fertility. The effects of a multitrait estimated breeding value for fertility [the Australian breeding value for daughter fertility (ABV fertility)] on reproductive performance were also of interest. Interactions of milk Protein Concentration and ABV fertility with the interval from calving date to the start of the herd's seasonally concentrated breeding period were also assessed. A retrospective single cohort study was conducted using data collected from 74 Australian seasonally and split calving dairy herds. Associations between milk Protein Concentration, ABV fertility, and reproductive performance in Holstein cows were assessed using random effects logistic regression. Between 52,438 and 61,939 lactations were used for analyses of 4 reproductive performance measures. Milk Protein Concentration was strongly and positively associated with reproductive performance in dairy cows, and this effect was not accounted for by the effects of ABV fertility. Increases in ABV fertility had important additional beneficial effects on the probability of pregnancy by wk 6 and 21 of the herd's breeding period. For cows calved before the start of the breeding period, the effects of increases in both milk Protein Concentration and ABV fertility were beneficial regardless of their interval from calving to the start of the breeding period. These findings demonstrate the potential for increasing reproductive performance through identifying the causes of the association between milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance and then devising management strategies to capitalize on them. Research should be conducted to understand the component of the relationship not captured by ABV fertility.
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associations between milk Protein Concentration milk yield and reproductive performance in dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 2016Co-Authors: J M Morton, M J Auldist, Meaghan L Douglas, K L MacmillanAbstract:Milk Protein Concentration in dairy cows has been positively associated with a range of measures of reproductive performance. It was possible that these associations were due to confounding by milk volume. A retrospective single cohort study was conducted using data collected from 74 dairy herds with seasonal or split calving patterns. Associations between milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows were assessed using random effects logistic regression. The key finding from this study was that the associations between milk Protein Concentration in early lactation and reproductive performance were not due to confounding by milk yield. Associations between milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance were weaker at higher early lactation milk yields, but positive associations were evident at all milk volumes assessed. The second major finding was that increases in milk yield were associated with improved proportions of cows pregnant by wk 6 and 21 at low to moderate milk Protein Concentrations but with decreases in these reproductive measures at high milk Protein Concentrations. Thus, no simple relationship is present between milk yield and reproductive performance; effects of milk yield depend on milk Protein Concentration. These results indicate that mechanisms causing the associations between milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance may be linked to milk yield but these mechanisms operate over a wide range of milk yields (<2,000 to ≥5,000kg in the first 120d of lactation). Further research is required to identify the causes of these associations.
Bongkosh Vardhanabhuti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of initial Protein Concentration and ph on in vitro gastric digestion of heated whey Proteins
Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Sha Zhang, Bongkosh VardhanabhutiAbstract:The in vitro digestion of heated whey Protein aggregates having different structure and physicochemical properties was evaluated under simulated gastric conditions. Aggregates were formed by heating whey Protein isolates (WPI) at 3-9% w/w initial Protein Concentration and pH 3.0-7.0. Results showed that high Protein Concentration led to formation of larger WPI aggregates with fewer remaining monomers. Aggregates formed at high Protein Concentrations showed slower degradation rate compared to those formed at low Protein Concentration. The effect of initial Protein Concentration on peptide release pattern was not apparent. Heating pH was a significant factor affecting digestion pattern. At pH above the isoelectric point, the majority of the Proteins involved in the aggregation, and aggregates formed at pH 6.0 were more susceptible to pepsin digestion than at pH 7.0. At acidic conditions, only small amount of Proteins was involved in the aggregation and heated aggregates were easily digested by pepsin, while the remaining unaggregated Proteins were very resistant to gastric digestion. The potential physiological implication of these results on satiety was discussed.
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role of Protein Concentration and Protein saliva interactions in the astringency of whey Proteins at low ph
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: Michael J Kelly, Bongkosh Vardhanabhuti, P J Luck, M A Drake, Jason A Osborne, E A FoegedingAbstract:Whey Protein beverages are adjusted to pH <4.5 to enhance clarity and stability, but this pH level is also associated with increased astringency. The goal of this investigation was to determine the effects of Protein Concentration on astringency and interactions between whey and salivary Proteins. Whey Protein beverages containing 0.25 to 13% (wt/wt) beta-lactoglobulin and 0.017% (wt/wt) sucralose at pH 2.6 to 4.2 were examined using descriptive sensory analysis. Controls were similar pH phosphate buffers at phosphate Concentrations equivalent to the amount of phosphoric acid required to adjust the pH of the Protein solution. Changes in astringency with Protein Concentration depended on pH. At pH 3.5, astringency significantly increased with Protein Concentration from 0.25 to 4% (wt/wt) and then remained constant from 4 to 13% (wt/wt). Conversely, at pH 2.6, astringency decreased with an increase in Protein Concentration [0.5-10% (wt/wt)]. This suggests a complex relationship that includes pH and buffering capacity of the beverages. Furthermore, saliva flow rates increased with increasing Protein Concentrations, showing that the physiological conditions in the mouth change with Protein Concentration. Maximum turbidity of whey Protein-saliva mixtures was observed between pH 4.6 and 5.2. Both sensory evaluation and in vitro study of interactions between beta-LG and saliva indicate that astringency of whey Proteins is a complex process determined by the extent of aggregation occurring in the mouth, which depends on the whey Protein beverage pH and buffering capacity in addition to saliva flow rate.
Jannika Dombrowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Surface and foaming properties of potato Proteins: Impact of Protein Concentration, pH value and ionic strength
Food Hydrocolloids, 2020Co-Authors: Evelyn Dachmann, Verena Nobis, Ulrich Kulozik, Jannika DombrowskiAbstract:Abstract Using a multiscale approach, potato Protein isolate was characterized holistically in terms of its solubility and surface charge, surface activity and surface dilatational properties as well foaming properties and bubble structural attributes. By means of varying Protein Concentration (0.1–10.0%), pH (3.0–10.0) and NaCl Concentration (0–200 mM), it was aimed to establish a better mechanistic understanding of potato Protein functionality. Overall, surface activity was found to be rather unaffected by a modification of Protein Concentration and pH, whereas pH had a clear effect on surface dilatational elasticity. Likewise, foam stability was affected by pH, yielding a maximum around the isoelectric point, which is due to an enhanced network formation at the air/water interface imparting an increased surface film stability. Coarsening exponents were found to reflect the results on foam stability. By comparison, NaCl presence clearly had an enhancing effect on surface activity and led to increased Protein-Protein interactions within the surface film. More compact surface films in turn resulted in a better foamability and foam stability as well as lower coarsening exponents. Comparison of findings to mechanisms known for β-lactoglobulin-stabilized surfaces revealed their principal applicability also to potato Proteins’ functional properties. Overall, by means of the obtained knowledge, foam structures based on potato Proteins can be controlled more specifically.
M Hailemariam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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components of the covariances between reproductive performance traits and milk Protein Concentration and milk yield in dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 2018Co-Authors: J M Morton, J E Pryce, M HailemariamAbstract:ABSTRACT Reproductive performance in dairy cows can be improved through genetic selection and herd management. Milk Protein Concentration is strongly associated with various measures of reproductive performance, but the relative importance of genetic and environmental components of these associations have not been defined. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the magnitudes of correlations and covariances between 9 reproductive performance traits in dairy cows and each of milk Protein Concentration and milk yield at 4 levels: genetic, permanent environmental effects of cow, herd-year-season, and residual levels. A retrospective single cohort study was conducted using data collected from seasonally and split calving dairy herds. We used animal models to partition covariances for the relationships between 9 fertility traits and each of milk Protein Concentration and milk yield at lactation level, with up to 80,203 lactations from 27,244 cows that were 780 herd-year-seasons in 65 herds. For the fertility traits, of the explained covariance with milk Protein Concentration, between 33 and 79% (median 53%) was genetic and 21 to 67% (median 47%) was nongenetic. We concluded that research should be conducted to identify management strategies that capture the nongenetic components of relationships between milk Protein Concentration and reproductive performance. Genetic correlations with milk Protein Concentration were generally similar to genetic correlations with milk yield, but the correlation with milk Protein Concentration was closer (i.e., the absolute value of the correlation coefficient was nearer to 1) for pregnant by wk 6, a key trait for seasonally and split calving dairy herds (correlation coefficient ± standard error=0.28 ± 0.05 and −0.17 ± 0.07 for milk Protein Concentration and milk yield, respectively). As the associations also have substantial genetic components, it is possible that reliabilities of estimated breeding values for fertility may be improved by including milk Protein Concentration in multitrait genetic evaluation models for fertility traits. From our preliminary analyses, reliabilities were only slightly higher when pregnancy by wk 6 of the breeding period was analyzed with milk Protein Concentration rather than alone or with milk yield, but further research should be considered to assess this question. Importantly, the benefits of these strong relationships can only be fully harnessed through joint use of both management strategies and genetic strategies.
