The Experts below are selected from a list of 63 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tanıl Kocagoz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Feconomics®; a new and more convenient method, the routine diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections
Parasitology Research, 2014Co-Authors: Ismail Soner Koltas, Isın Akyar, Gullu Elgun, Tanıl KocagozAbstract:Direct wet mount examination and concentration are the most commonly used methods for detecting intestinal parasites from fecal samples. Concentration methods are used when there are fewer Protozoan Cyst, coccidian ooCyst, microsporidial spore, helminth egg, and larvae in the fecal samples. Early detection of the causative intestinal parasites plays a significant role in implementing timely and correct treatment, which relieves the patients' symptoms and also prevents recurrences. Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration (FEAC) is believed to be a gold standard method to detect most intestinal parasites. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of Feconomics® [manufactured by Salubris Inc, Boston, USA. Patent application number (TR): 2010/07549] which is a simple, new, and rapid fecal concentration method for the detection of the intestinal parasites in human beings. We also compared the FEAC with Feconomics® and direct wet mount examination. A total of 918 fecal samples were collected from the patients suspected to have intestinal parasitic infection. Samples were examined with the direct wet mount, FEAC, and Feconomics® methods. Different parasite species 15.9 % (146/918) with Feconomics®, 13.3 % (122/918) with FEAC, and 9.8 % (90/918) with direct wet mount examination, Feconomics® > FEAC > direct wet mount examinations were detected. They were statistically compared considering FEAC as the gold standard for parasitological diagnosis; the sensitivity and specificity of Feconomics® were calculated as 96 and 97 %, respectively. BlastoCystis hominis was found to be the most common parasite, followed by Giardia lamblia with direct wet mount examination, FEAC, and Feconomics® methods. Feconomics® proved to be better than not only FEAC in concentrating parasite egg and Cyst forms as well as in maintaining characteristic morphology but it is also better in direct wet mount examination. Feconomics® eliminates the need for centrifugation by using absorbent beads that help the homogenization and concentration of the sample. Feconomics® in this study was considerably better than FEAC in detecting the trophozoites of Giardia lamblia . We suggest that Feconomics® be used for the routine diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infection in rural areas of developing countries due to the fact that a centrifuge is not required and it eliminates large stool particles.
Thomas A Wynn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chitinase dependent control of Protozoan Cyst burden in the brain
PLOS Pathogens, 2012Co-Authors: Philip J Nance, Kevin M Vannella, Danielle Worth, Clement N David, David Carter, Shahani Noor, Cedric Hubeau, Lori Fitz, Thomas E Lane, Thomas A WynnAbstract:Chronic infections represent a continuous battle between the host's immune system and pathogen replication. Many Protozoan parasites have evolved a Cyst lifecycle stage that provides it with increased protection from environmental degradation as well as endogenous host mechanisms of attack. In the case of Toxoplasma gondii, these Cysts are predominantly found in the immune protected brain making clearance of the parasite more difficult and resulting in a lifelong infection. Currently, little is known about the nature of the immune response stimulated by the presence of these Cysts or how they are able to propagate. Here we establish a novel chitinase-dependent mechanism of Cyst control in the infected brain. Despite a dominant Th1 immune response during Toxoplasma infection there exists a population of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMO) in the infected CNS. These cells are capable of Cyst lysis via the production of AMCase as revealed by live imaging, and this chitinase is necessary for protective immunity within the CNS. These data demonstrate chitinase activity in the brain in response to a Protozoan pathogen and provide a novel mechanism to facilitate Cyst clearance during chronic infections.
Ismail Soner Koltas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Feconomics®; a new and more convenient method, the routine diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections
Parasitology Research, 2014Co-Authors: Ismail Soner Koltas, Isın Akyar, Gullu Elgun, Tanıl KocagozAbstract:Direct wet mount examination and concentration are the most commonly used methods for detecting intestinal parasites from fecal samples. Concentration methods are used when there are fewer Protozoan Cyst, coccidian ooCyst, microsporidial spore, helminth egg, and larvae in the fecal samples. Early detection of the causative intestinal parasites plays a significant role in implementing timely and correct treatment, which relieves the patients' symptoms and also prevents recurrences. Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration (FEAC) is believed to be a gold standard method to detect most intestinal parasites. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of Feconomics® [manufactured by Salubris Inc, Boston, USA. Patent application number (TR): 2010/07549] which is a simple, new, and rapid fecal concentration method for the detection of the intestinal parasites in human beings. We also compared the FEAC with Feconomics® and direct wet mount examination. A total of 918 fecal samples were collected from the patients suspected to have intestinal parasitic infection. Samples were examined with the direct wet mount, FEAC, and Feconomics® methods. Different parasite species 15.9 % (146/918) with Feconomics®, 13.3 % (122/918) with FEAC, and 9.8 % (90/918) with direct wet mount examination, Feconomics® > FEAC > direct wet mount examinations were detected. They were statistically compared considering FEAC as the gold standard for parasitological diagnosis; the sensitivity and specificity of Feconomics® were calculated as 96 and 97 %, respectively. BlastoCystis hominis was found to be the most common parasite, followed by Giardia lamblia with direct wet mount examination, FEAC, and Feconomics® methods. Feconomics® proved to be better than not only FEAC in concentrating parasite egg and Cyst forms as well as in maintaining characteristic morphology but it is also better in direct wet mount examination. Feconomics® eliminates the need for centrifugation by using absorbent beads that help the homogenization and concentration of the sample. Feconomics® in this study was considerably better than FEAC in detecting the trophozoites of Giardia lamblia . We suggest that Feconomics® be used for the routine diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infection in rural areas of developing countries due to the fact that a centrifuge is not required and it eliminates large stool particles.
Masoud Alirezaei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence of parasitic contamination of raw vegetables in Khorramabad, Iran
Food Control, 2013Co-Authors: Behrouz Ezatpour, Ali Sharafi Chegeni, Foad Abdollahpour, Mehdi Aazami, Masoud AlirezaeiAbstract:It is well known that raw vegetable was considered as an agent for transmission of intestinal parasite and fresh vegetables have an important role in human nutrition. Therefore, the present study was designed to detect the parasite contamination in many common raw vegetables in Khorramabad, Iran. A total of 550 fresh vegetable samples which belonged to spring (275) and winter (275) were randomly collected. All samples were examined according to standard methods for detection of Protozoan Cyst, ooCysts, helminth eggs as well as larva. The findings indicated 52.7% positive for intestinal parasites and the highest contaminated sample was leek 80% in spring and 43.6% in winter. However, the least contaminated samples were green onion (34.5%) in spring and garden cress (10.9%) in winter. Chi-square test indicated the significant difference between contamination in spring when compared to winter (p < 0.002). Our data demonstrated importance of raw vegetables in transmission of some intestinal parasites and highlight the role of raw vegetables in threatening public health. 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Joan B Rose - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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drinking water treatment processes for removal of cryptosporidium and giardia
Veterinary Parasitology, 2004Co-Authors: Walter Q Betancourt, Joan B RoseAbstract:Major waterborne cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis outbreaks associated with contaminated drinking water have been linked to evidence of suboptimal treatment. Cryptosporidium parvum ooCysts are particularly more resistant than Giardia lamblia Cysts to removal and inactivation by conventional water treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and chlorine disinfection); therefore, extensive research has been focused on the optimization of treatment processes and application of new technologies to reduce concentrations of viable/infectious ooCysts to a level that prevents disease. The majority of the data on the performance of treatment processes to remove Cysts and ooCysts from drinking water have been obtained from pilot-tests, with a few studies performed in full-scale conventional water treatment plants. These studies have demonstrated that Protozoan Cyst removal throughout all stages of the conventional treatment is largely influenced by the effectiveness of coagulation pretreatment, which along with clarification constitutes the first treatment barrier against Protozoan breakthrough. Physical removal of waterborne Crytosporidium ooCysts and Giardia Cysts is ultimately achieved by properly functioning conventional filters, providing that effective pretreatment of the water is applied. Disinfection by chemical or physical methods is finally required to inactivate/remove the infectious life stages of these organisms. The effectiveness of conventional (chlorination) and alternative (chlorine dioxide, ozonation and ultra violet [UV] irradiation) disinfection procedures for inactivation of Cryptosporidium has been the focus of much research due to the recalcitrant nature of waterborne ooCysts to disinfectants. This paper provides technical information on conventional and alternative drinking water treatment technologies for removal and inactivation of the Protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
