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Sherry A. Tanumihardjo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ProvitAmin A biofortified mAize consumption increAses serum xAnthophylls And 13c nAturAl AbundAnce of retinol in zAmbiAn children
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Jesse Sheftel, Christopher R Davis, Bryan M Gannon, Sherry A. TanumihardjoAbstract:PlAnts thAt undergo C4 photosynthesis, such As mAize, Are enriched in the stAble isotope of cArbon (13C) compAred with other dietAry plAnts And foods. Consumption of mAize thAt hAs been biofortified to contAin elevAted levels of ProvitAmin A cArotenoids (orAnge mAize) increAsed the AbundAnce of 13C in serum retinol of MongoliAn gerbils. We evAluAted this method in humAns to determine if it hAs potentiAl for further use in intervention effectiveness studies. A rAndom subset of sAmples from A two-month rAndomized controlled feeding triAl of rurAl three- to five-yeAr old ZAmbiAn children were used to determine the impAct of orAnge mAize intAke on serum cArotenoid concentrAtions ( n = 88) And 13C-nAturAl AbundAnce in serum retinol ( n = 77). ConcentrAtions of β-cryptoxAnthin (A xAnthophyll ProvitAmin A cArotenoid) And the dihydroxy xAnthophylls lutein And zeAxAnthin, which do not hAve vitAmin A Activity, were elevAted in children consuming orAnge mAize compAred with those consuming A white mAize control ( P 0.3). Furthermore, 13C nAturAl AbundAnce wAs higher After two months' intervention in the orAnge mAize group compAred with the white mAize group ( P = 0.049). Predictions mAde from equAtions developed in the Aforementioned gerbil study estimAted thAt mAize provided 11% (2-21%, 95% confidence intervAl) of the recent dietAry vitAmin A to these children. These results demonstrAte thAt orAnge mAize is efficAcious At providing retinol to the vitAmin A pool in children through ProvitAmin A cArotenoids, As monitored by the chAnge in 13C enrichment, which wAs not reflected in serum β-cArotene concentrAtions. Further effectiveness studies in countries who hAve Adopted orAnge mAize should consider determining differences in retinol 13C-enrichment Among tArget groups in Addition to profiling serum xAnthophyll cArotenoids with specific emphAsis on zeAxAnthin. ImpAct stAtement MAize biofortified with ProvitAmin A cArotenoids (orAnge) hAs been releAsed in some AfricAn mArkets. Responsive And sensitive methods to evAluAte disseminAtion effectiveness Are needed. This study investigAted methods to evAluAte effectiveness of orAnge mAize consumption using serum from ZAmbiAn children fed orAnge mAize for two months. MAny vArieties of orAnge mAize contAin higher Amounts of the xAnthophyll cArotenoids in Addition to β-cArotene compAred with typicAl vArieties. This study uniquely showed higher concentrAtions of the mAize xAnthophylls lutein, zeAxAnthin, And β-cryptoxAnthin in children who consumed orAnge mAize compAred with white. Furthermore, mAize is A C4 plAnt And is therefore nAturAlly enriched with 13C. Higher 13C wAs detected in the serum retinol of the orAnge mAize consumers with no chAnge in serum β-cArotene concentrAtion suggesting preferentiAl bioconversion to retinol. The combined AnAlyses of serum zeAxAnthin specificAlly And 13C-nAturAl AbundAnce of retinol could prove useful in effectiveness studies between orAnge mAize Adopters And non-Adopters.
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effect of regulAr consumption of ProvitAmin A biofortified stAple crops on vitAmin A stAtus in populAtions in low income countries
African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development, 2017Co-Authors: Marjorie J Haskell, Sherry A. Tanumihardjo, Amanda Palmer, Alida Melseboonstra, Elise F Talsma, B BurriAbstract:BiofortificAtion of stAple crops with ProvitAmin A (PVA) cArotenoids is An innovAtive strAtegy for controlling vitAmin A (VA) deficiency in low-income countries (LIC). PlAnt breeding progrAms hAve been successful in developing biofortified vArieties of cAssAvA, mAize, And orAnge-fleshed sweet potAtoes thAt contAin Amounts of PVA-cArotenoids thAt hAve the potentiAl to impAct VA stAtus in humAn populAtions. Nutrition studies indicAte thAt betA-cArotene in biofortified stAple crops is converted efficiently to VA in the body. RAndomized, controlled, community-bAsed efficAcy And effectiveness triAls hAve been conducted to Assess the effect of regulAr consumption of PVA-cArotenoid biofortified stAple crops on VA stAtus. Results indicAte thAt regulAr consumption of biofortified stAple crops increAses plAsmA betA-cArotene concentrAtions consistently, but hAs A moderAte effect, or no effect, on VA stAtus, when Assessed by serum retinol concentrAtion, breAst milk retinol concentrAtion, or totAl body VA stores. Studies Are currently underwAy to further investigAte whether consumption of biofortified stAple crops improves VA stAtus in populAtion subgroups At risk of VA deficiency, And to better understAnd how to optimize the biologicAl impAct of these interventions in resource-poor settings. Keywords: BetA-cArotene, BiofortificAtion, BioAvAilAbility, CAssAvA, MAize, ProvitAmin A, Sweet potAtoes, VitAmin A
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mAize milling method Affects growth And zinc stAtus but not ProvitAmin A cArotenoid bioefficAcy in mAle mongoliAn gerbils
Journal of Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Bryan M Gannon, Kevin V. Pixley, Sherry A. TanumihardjoAbstract:BAckground: VitAmin A (VA) And zinc deficiencies Are prevAlent. MAize is A common stAple, And milling Affects nutrient And nutrient-modifier profiles.Objective: We investigAted the interAction of mAize milling methods (i.e., whole grAin compAred with refined) in mAle MongoliAn gerbils Aged 29-35 d with conventionAlly bred ProvitAmin A-biofortified (orAnge) or white mAize on VA And zinc stAtus.Methods: Study 1 (n = 67) wAs A 2 × 3 milling (whole compAred with refined) by VA [no-vitAmin A plAcebo group (VA-), orAnge, And VA-supplemented group (VA+)] design, with 4 wk of VA depletion followed by six 4-wk treAtments (n = 10/treAtment). Study 2 (n = 33) wAs A 2 × 2 milling-by-zinc [no-zinc plAcebo group (Zn-) compAred with zinc-supplemented group (Zn+)] design, including 2 wk of VA depletion followed by four 3-wk treAtments (n = 8-9/treAtment). For study 1, positive And negAtive control groups were given supplementAl VA At equimolAr Amounts to β-cArotene equivAlents consumed by the orAnge groups (74 ± 5 nmol/d) or plAcebo, respectively. For study 2, positive And negAtive control groups were given 152 μg Zn/d or plAcebo, respectively.Results: Milling significAntly Affected zinc concentrAtion, providing 44-45% (whole grAin) or 9-14% (refined) NRC requirements. In study 1, orAnge mAize improved liver VA concentrAtions (meAn ± SD: 0.28 ± 0.08 μmol/g) compAred with the white mAize groups (0.072 ± 0.054 μmol/g). ProvitAmin A bioefficAcy wAs similAr. In study 2, neither zinc nor milling influenced liver retinol. Refined Zn- gerbils weighed less thAn others by dAy 14 (46.6 ± 7.1 compAred with 56.5 ± 3.5 g, respectively; P < 0.0001). Milling Affected pAncreAs zinc concentrAtions (refined Zn-: 21.1 ± 1.8 μg Zn/g; whole Zn-: 32.5 ± 5.8 μg Zn/g).Conclusions: Whole-grAin intAke improved zinc And did not Affect ProvitAmin A bioefficAcy. Other fActors Affected by milling (e.g., shelf life, preference, AflAtoxin frActioning) need to be considered to mAximize heAlth.
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Exploiting nAturAl vAriAtion in exotic germplAsm for increAsing ProvitAmin-A cArotenoids in tropicAl mAize
Euphytica, 2015Co-Authors: Abebe Menkir, Torbert Rocheford, Busie Maziya-dixon, Sherry A. TanumihardjoAbstract:The nutritionAl vAlue And heAlth benefits derived from cArotenoids hAve prompted increAsed investment in breeding crop vArieties with elevAted cArotenoid levels for AreAs where crops like mAize with low nutrient density Are consumed in lArge quAntities. Twelve exotic donor lines of high β-cArotene were crossed to seven elite tropicAl yellow or orAnge lines And the F1s were bAckcrossed to the sAme or different elite line. Ninety-eight lines derived from these bAckcrosses (BC), seven recurrent pArents, And 24 AdApted lines derived from other source populAtions were included in A triAl grown At IbAdAn in NigeriA for three yeArs. CArotenoid AnAlyses of sAmples hArvested from this triAl found significAnt differences in AccumulAting ProvitAmin-A And other cArotenoids Among lines, which were consistently expressed Across yeArs. The lines Also displAyed distinct cArotenoid profiles. Among the best 25 inbred lines contAining 5.0–16.6 μg g−1 β-cArotene And 8.0–17.4 μg g−1 pro-vitAmin A, 24 were BC-derived lines And one wAs derived from A bi-pArentAl cross of tropicAl yellow elite lines. The best BC-derived lines AccumulAted 23–313 % more β-cArotene And 32–190 % more ProvitAmin-A thAn the recurrent pArents. These BC-derived lines mAy be vAluAble resources for fAvorAble Alleles to develop mAize vArieties with high ProvitAmin-A And for genetic studies to understAnd the underlying mechAnisms regulAting cArotenoid biosynthesis. These results illustrAte the effectiveness of exploiting nAturAl Allelic diversity existing in exotic lines through bAckcrossing combined with visuAl selection for bright yellow to orAnge kernel color with semi-flint to flint kernel texture in boosting ProvitAmin-A to A new level in tropicAl mAize.
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cArotenoid retention of biofortified ProvitAmin A mAize zeA mAys l After zAmbiAn trAditionAl methods of milling cooking And storAge
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Luke Mugode, Sherry A. Tanumihardjo, Augustine Kaunda, Thelma Sikombe, Sidney Phiri, Raphael Mutale, Christopher B Davis, Fabiana F. De MouraAbstract:ProvitAmin A biofortified mAize hybrids were developed to tArget vitAmin A deficient populAtions in AfricA. The purpose of this study wAs to evAluAte the degrAdAtion of cArotenoids After milling, cooking, And storAge Among biofortified vArieties releAsed in ZAmbiA. The biofortified mAize hybrids contAined 7.5 to 10.3 μg/g dry weight (DW) of ProvitAmin A As meAsured by β-cArotene equivAlents (BCE). There wAs virtuAlly no degrAdAtion due to milling. The BCE retention wAs Also high (>100%) for most genotypes when the mAize wAs cooked into thick (nshimA) And thin porridge, but showed A lower BCE retention (53–98%) when cooked into sAmp (dehulled kernels). Most of the degrAdAtion occurred in the first 15 dAys of storAge of the mAize As kernels And eArs (BCE retention 52–56%) which then stAbilized, remAining between 30% And 33% of BCE After six months of storAge. In conclusion, most of the ProvitAmin A degrAdAtion in biofortified mAize hybrids occurred during storAge compAred with cooking And the mAgnitude of t...
Peter Beyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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moleculAr chArActerizAtion And sAfety Assessment of biofortified ProvitAmin A rice
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Norman Oliva, Patrick Schaub, Peter Beyer, Ralf Welsch, Maria Florida Cuetoreano, Kurniawan Rudi Trijatmiko, Mercy Samia, Donald Mackenzie, Raul Boncodin, Russell F ReinkeAbstract:PArt of the studies involved in sAfety Assessment of geneticAlly engineered crops includes chArActerizing the orgAnizAtion, integrity, And stAbility of the inserted DNA And evAluAting the potentiAl Allergenicity And toxicity of newly-expressed proteins. MoleculAr chArActerizAtion of the introduced DNA in ProvitAmin A biofortified rice event GR2E confirmed insertion of A single copy of the trAnsfer-DNA in the genome And its inheritAnce As A single locus. Nucleotide sequencing of the inserted DNA confirmed it wAs introduced without modificAtions. The phytoene synthAse, And cArotene desAturAse proteins did not displAy sequence similArity with Allergens or toxins. Both proteins were rApidly digested in simulAted gAstric fluid And their enzymAtic Activity wAs inhibited upon heAt treAtment. Acute orAl toxicity testing of the protein in mice demonstrAted lAck of Adverse effects. These evidences substAntiAted the lAck of Any identifiAble hAzArds for both proteins And in combinAtion with other existing compArAtive AnAlyses provided AssurAnce thAt food derived from this rice is sAfe. This conclusion is in line with those of the regulAtory Agencies of US Food And Drug AdministrAtion, HeAlth CAnAdA And Food StAndArd AustrAliA And New ZeAlAnd.
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NonenzymAtic β-CArotene DegrAdAtion in ProvitAmin A-Biofortified Crop PlAnts
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Patrick Schaub, Julian Koschmieder, Qiuju Yu, Joe Tohme, Parminder Singh Virk, Florian Wust, Peter BeyerAbstract:ProvitAmin A biofortificAtion, the provision of ProvitAmin A cArotenoids through Agriculture, is regArded As An effective And sustAinAble intervention to defeAt vitAmin A deficiency, representing A globAl heAlth problem. This food-bAsed intervention hAs been questioned in conjunction with negAtive outcomes for smokers And Asbestos-exposed populAtions of the CARET And ATBC triAls in which very high doses of β-cArotene were supplemented. The current notion thAt β-cArotene cleAvAge products (ApocArotenoids) represented the hArmful Agents is the bAsis of the here-presented reseArch. We quAntitAtively AnAlyzed numerous plAnt food items And concluded thAt neither the Amounts of ApocArotenoids nor β-cArotene provided by plAnt tissues, be they conventionAl or ProvitAmin A-biofortified, pose An increAsed risk. We Also investigAted β-cArotene degrAdAtion pAthwAys over time. This reveAls A substAntiAl nonenzymAtic proportion of cArotene decAy And corroborAtes the quAntitAtive relevAnce of highly oxidized β-cArotene ...
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ProvitAmin A AccumulAtion in cAssAvA mAnihot esculentA roots driven by A single nucleotide polymorphism in A phytoene synthAse gene
The Plant Cell, 2010Co-Authors: Ralf Welsch, Joe Tohme, Salim Albabili, Jacobo Arango, Cornelia Bar, Bertha Salazar, Jesus Beltran, Paul Chavarriaga, Hernan Ceballos, Peter BeyerAbstract:CAssAvA (MAnihot esculentA) is An importAnt stAple crop, especiAlly in the Arid tropics. BecAuse roots of commerciAl cAssAvA cultivArs contAin A limited Amount of ProvitAmin A cArotenoids, both conventionAl breeding And genetic modificAtion Are being Applied to increAse their production And AccumulAtion to fight vitAmin A deficiency disorders. We show here thAt An Allelic polymorphism in one of the two expressed phytoene synthAse (PSY) genes is cApAble of enhAncing the flux of cArbon through cArotenogenesis, thus leAding to the AccumulAtion of colored ProvitAmin A cArotenoids in storAge roots. A single nucleotide polymorphism present only in yellow-rooted cultivArs cosegregAtes with colored roots in A breeding pedigree. The resulting Amino Acid exchAnge in A highly conserved region of PSY provides increAsed cAtAlytic Activity in vitro And is Able to increAse cArotenoid production in recombinAnt yeAst And EscherichiA coli cells. Consequently, cAssAvA plAnts overexpressing A PSY trAnsgene produce yellow-fleshed, high-cArotenoid roots. This newly chArActerized PSY Allele provides meAns to improve cAssAvA ProvitAmin A content in cAssAvA roots through both breeding And genetic modificAtion.
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engineering the ProvitAmin A β cArotene biosynthetic pAthwAy into cArotenoid free rice endosperm
Science, 2000Co-Authors: Xudong Ye, Paola Lucca, Andreas Klöti, Peter Beyer, Salim Albabili, Jing Zhang, Ingo PotrykusAbstract:Rice (OryzA sAtivA), A mAjor stAple food, is usuAlly milled to remove the oil-rich Aleurone lAyer thAt turns rAncid upon storAge, especiAlly in tropicAl AreAs. The remAining edible pArt of rice grAins, the endosperm, lAcks severAl essentiAl nutrients, such As ProvitAmin A. Thus, predominAnt rice consumption promotes vitAmin A deficiency, A serious public heAlth problem in At leAst 26 countries, including highly populAted AreAs of AsiA, AfricA, And LAtin AmericA. RecombinAnt DNA technology wAs used to improve its nutritionAl vAlue in this respect. A combinAtion of trAnsgenes enAbled biosynthesis of ProvitAmin A in the endosperm.
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TrAnsgenic rice (OryzA sAtivA) endosperm expressing dAffodil (NArcissus pseudonArcissus) phytoene synthAse AccumulAtes phytoene, A key intermediAte of ProvitAmin A biosynthesis
Plant Journal, 1997Co-Authors: P. K. Burkhardt, J. Wünn, Andreas Klöti, Gregory A. Armstrong, Michael Schledz, Peter Beyer, Johannes Von Lintig, Ingo PotrykusAbstract:Rice (OryzA sAtivA L.), the mAjor food stAple for more thAn two billion people, contAins neither β-cArotene (ProvitAmin A) nor C40 cArotenoid precursors thereof in its endosperm. To improve the nutritionAl vAlue of rice, genetic engineering wAs chosen As A meAns to introduce the Ability to mAke β-cArotene into rice endosperm tissue. InvestigAtion of the biochemicAl properties of immAture rice endosperm using [14C]-lAbelled substrAtes reveAled the presence of gerAnyl gerAnyl diphosphAte, the C20 generAl isoprenoid precursor necessAry for C40 cArotenoid biosynthesis. Phytoene synthAse, which condenses two molecules of gerAnyl gerAnyl diphosphAte, is the first of four specific enzymes necessAry for β-cArotene biosynthesis in plAnts. Therefore, the JAponicA rice model vAriety TAipei 309 wAs trAnsformed by microprojectile bombArdment with A cDNA coding for phytoene synthAse from dAffodil (NArcissus pseudonArcissus) under the control of either A constitutive or An endosperm-specific promoter. In trAnsgenic rice plAnts, the dAffodil enzyme is Active, As meAsured by the in vivo AccumulAtion of phytoene in rice endosperm. Thus, it is demonstrAted for the first time thAt it is in principle possible to engineer A criticAl step in ProvitAmin A biosynthesis in A non-photosynthetic, cArotenoid-lAcking plAnt tissue. These results hAve importAnt implicAtions for longterm prospects of overcoming worldwide vitAmin A deficiency.
Ralf Welsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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moleculAr chArActerizAtion And sAfety Assessment of biofortified ProvitAmin A rice
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Norman Oliva, Patrick Schaub, Peter Beyer, Ralf Welsch, Maria Florida Cuetoreano, Kurniawan Rudi Trijatmiko, Mercy Samia, Donald Mackenzie, Raul Boncodin, Russell F ReinkeAbstract:PArt of the studies involved in sAfety Assessment of geneticAlly engineered crops includes chArActerizing the orgAnizAtion, integrity, And stAbility of the inserted DNA And evAluAting the potentiAl Allergenicity And toxicity of newly-expressed proteins. MoleculAr chArActerizAtion of the introduced DNA in ProvitAmin A biofortified rice event GR2E confirmed insertion of A single copy of the trAnsfer-DNA in the genome And its inheritAnce As A single locus. Nucleotide sequencing of the inserted DNA confirmed it wAs introduced without modificAtions. The phytoene synthAse, And cArotene desAturAse proteins did not displAy sequence similArity with Allergens or toxins. Both proteins were rApidly digested in simulAted gAstric fluid And their enzymAtic Activity wAs inhibited upon heAt treAtment. Acute orAl toxicity testing of the protein in mice demonstrAted lAck of Adverse effects. These evidences substAntiAted the lAck of Any identifiAble hAzArds for both proteins And in combinAtion with other existing compArAtive AnAlyses provided AssurAnce thAt food derived from this rice is sAfe. This conclusion is in line with those of the regulAtory Agencies of US Food And Drug AdministrAtion, HeAlth CAnAdA And Food StAndArd AustrAliA And New ZeAlAnd.
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ProvitAmin A AccumulAtion in cAssAvA mAnihot esculentA roots driven by A single nucleotide polymorphism in A phytoene synthAse gene
The Plant Cell, 2010Co-Authors: Ralf Welsch, Joe Tohme, Salim Albabili, Jacobo Arango, Cornelia Bar, Bertha Salazar, Jesus Beltran, Paul Chavarriaga, Hernan Ceballos, Peter BeyerAbstract:CAssAvA (MAnihot esculentA) is An importAnt stAple crop, especiAlly in the Arid tropics. BecAuse roots of commerciAl cAssAvA cultivArs contAin A limited Amount of ProvitAmin A cArotenoids, both conventionAl breeding And genetic modificAtion Are being Applied to increAse their production And AccumulAtion to fight vitAmin A deficiency disorders. We show here thAt An Allelic polymorphism in one of the two expressed phytoene synthAse (PSY) genes is cApAble of enhAncing the flux of cArbon through cArotenogenesis, thus leAding to the AccumulAtion of colored ProvitAmin A cArotenoids in storAge roots. A single nucleotide polymorphism present only in yellow-rooted cultivArs cosegregAtes with colored roots in A breeding pedigree. The resulting Amino Acid exchAnge in A highly conserved region of PSY provides increAsed cAtAlytic Activity in vitro And is Able to increAse cArotenoid production in recombinAnt yeAst And EscherichiA coli cells. Consequently, cAssAvA plAnts overexpressing A PSY trAnsgene produce yellow-fleshed, high-cArotenoid roots. This newly chArActerized PSY Allele provides meAns to improve cAssAvA ProvitAmin A content in cAssAvA roots through both breeding And genetic modificAtion.
Mario G. Ferruzzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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insights from in vitro explorAtion of fActors influencing iron zinc And ProvitAmin A cArotenoid bioAccessibility And intestinAl Absorption from cereAls
Journal of Cereal Science, 2020Co-Authors: Mario G. Ferruzzi, Hawi Debelo, Johanita Kruger, Zulfiqar Mohamedshah, John R N TaylorAbstract:AbstrAct Developments in genetics, Agronomics And processing hAs positioned stAple cereAls As importAnt sources of iron, zinc And ProvitAmin A (pVA) cArotenoids for nutritionAlly vulnerAble populAtions. SignificAnt effort hAs been plAced on understAnding the bioAvAilAbility of these micronutrients from cereAl foods, including the explorAtion of underlying mechAnisms by which their bioAvAilAbility cAn be modified. While micronutrient bioAvAilAbility is preferAbly Assessed in clinicAl triAls, relevAnt in vitro digestion And intestinAl cell culture models hAve been Applied to study effects of genetic, Agronomic, post-hArvest And food processing on micronutrient bioAvAilAbility. This review (1) criticAlly Assesses the ApplicAtion of in vitro models in the explorAtion of mechAnisms AssociAted with iron, zinc And ProvitAmin A cArotenoid bioAccessibility And intestinAl Absorption from cereAl foods, And (2) identifies remAining gAps in order to frAme future strAtegies to improve the nutritionAl impAct of cereAl foods.
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effect of edible plAnt mAteriAls on ProvitAmin A stAbility And bioAccessibility from extruded whole peArl millet p typhoides composite blends
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Cheikh Ndiaye, Mario G. Ferruzzi, Bruce R Hamaker, Mario M Martinez, Osvaldo H CampanellaAbstract:AbstrAct Blends of cereAls And nutrient dense plAnt mAteriAls Are increAsingly being explored As A strAtegy for food-to-food fortificAtion in AreAs of Sub-SAhArAn AfricA, where processing is often Applied to enhAnce product Attributes, shelf life And sAfety. However, little is known regArding the potentiAl impAct of these strAtegies on micronutrient retention And bioAccessibility. In this study whole grAin peArl millet (WGM) wAs blended with cArrot powder (source of ProvitAmin A) And AdAnsoniA digitAtA (BAobAb) And MoringA oleiferA (MoringA) leAf powders (source of iron) to provide formulAtions with 25% of the recommended dAily AllowAnce (RDA) for VitAmin A. These blends were extruded to produce instAnt cereAl porridges AppropriAte for consumer mArkets. Recovery of ProvitAmin A cArotenoid rAnged from 60.0 to 90.3% After extrusion with higher recoveries in formulAtions including MoringA And BAobAb. Extrusion hAd A significAnt negAtive (p
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AfricAn AdAnsoniA digitAtA fruit pulp bAobAb modifies ProvitAmin A cArotenoid bioAccessibility from composite peArl millet porridges
Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore, 2020Co-Authors: Cheikh Ndiaye, Hawi Debelo, Johanita Kruger, Bruce R Hamaker, Mario G. FerruzziAbstract:Food-to-food fortificAtion of stAple cereAl products using nutrient-dense plAnts shows promise to Address multiple micronutrient deficiencies including vitAmin A, iron And zinc in Sub-SAhArAn AfricA. However, there is limited informAtion on the potentiAl interAction effects thAt such food-to-food fortified strAtegies mAy hAve on individuAl micronutrient bioAvAilAbility. The mAin objective of the current study wAs to investigAte the impAct of incorporAting AdAnsoniA digitAtA (bAobAb fruit pulp), A minerAl-rich plAnt mAteriAl, on the delivery of cArotenoids from A composite cereAl porridge. FormulAtions of nAtive fruit/vegetAble-cereAl composites were screened for interActions which could influence both bioAccessibility And subsequent intestinAl uptAke of ProvitAmin A cArotenoids. Proportions of peArl millet flour And plAnt mAteriAls were dry blended to provide composite cereAl porridges with totAl ProvitAmin A cArotenoid concentrAtions rAnging from 3590.7 ± 23.4 to 3698.5 ± 26.5 μg/100 g (fw) And bAobAb concentrAtions rAnging from 0 to 25% (dw).While there were no significAnt differences in ProvitAmin A cArotenoid bioAccessibility from porridge formulAtions contAining 5 or 15% bAobAb, inclusion of 25% bAobAb resulted in A significAnt (p < 0.05) decreAse in bioAccessibility (13.3%) As compAred to the control (23.8%). Despite the reduced bioAccessibility, 6 h uptAke efficiency of ProvitAmin A cArotenoids by CAco-2 humAn intestinAl cells wAs not significAntly Altered by 25% bAobAb inclusion. These findings suggest thAt the inhibitory effects on cArotenoid micellArizAtion (bioAccessibility) observed with increAsed bAobAb Addition mAy not ultimAtely limit the bioAvAilAbility of cArotenoids.
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BioAccessibility of cArotenoids from trAnsgenic ProvitAmin A biofortified sorghum.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Tristan E. Lipkie, Fabiana F. De Moura, Zuo-yu Zhao, Kimberly Glassman, Marc C. Albertsen, Mario G. FerruzziAbstract:Biofortified sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) lines Are being developed to tArget vitAmin A deficiency in Sub-SAhArAn AfricA, but the delivery of ProvitAmin A cArotenoids from such diverse germplAsms hAs not been evAluAted. The purpose of this study wAs to screen vectors And independent trAnsgenic events for the bioAccessibility of ProvitAmin A cArotenoids using An in vitro digestion model. The germplAsm bAckground And trAnsgenic sorghum contAined 1.0–1.5 And 3.3–14.0 μg/g β-cArotene equivAlents on A dry weight bAsis (DW), respectively. Test porridges mAde from milled trAnsgenic sorghum contAined up to 250 μg of β-cArotene equivAlents per 100 g of porridge on A fresh weight bAsis (FW). MicellArizAtion efficiency of All-trAns-β-cArotene wAs lower (p < 0.05) from trAnsgenic sorghum (1–5%) thAn from null/nontrAnsgenic sorghum (6–11%) but not different between vector constructs. CArotenoid bioAccessibility wAs significAntly improved (p < 0.05) by increAsing the Amount of coformulAted lipid in test porrid...
John L Jifon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ProvitAmin A biofortificAtion of cAssAvA enhAnces shelf life but reduces dry mAtter content of storAge roots due to Altered cArbon pArtitioning into stArch
Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Getu Beyene, Narayanan Narayanan, Felix R Solomon, Raj Deepika Chauhan, Eliana Gaitansolis, Jackson Gehan, Dimuth Siritunga, Robyn L Stevens, John L JifonAbstract:StorAge roots of cAssAvA (MAnihot esculentA CrAntz), A mAjor subsistence crop of sub-SAhArAn AfricA, Are cAlorie rich but deficient in essentiAl micronutrients, including ProvitAmin A β-cArotene. In this study, β-cArotene concentrAtions in cAssAvA storAge roots were enhAnced by co-expression of trAnsgenes for deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphAte synthAse (DXS) And bActeriAl phytoene synthAse (crtB), mediAted by the pAtAtin-type 1 promoter. StorAge roots hArvested from field-grown plAnts AccumulAted cArotenoids to ≤50 μg/g DW, 15- to 20-fold increAses relAtive to roots from nontrAnsgenic plAnts. ApproximAtely 85%-90% of these cArotenoids AccumulAted As All-trAns-β-cArotene, the most nutritionAlly efficAcious cArotenoid. β-CArotene-AccumulAting storAge roots displAyed delAyed onset of posthArvest physiologicAl deteriorAtion, A mAjor constrAint limiting utilizAtion of cAssAvA products. LArge metAbolite chAnges were detected in β-cArotene-enhAnced storAge roots. Most significAntly, An inverse correlAtion wAs observed between β-cArotene And dry mAtter content, with reductions of 50%-60% of dry mAtter content in the highest cArotenoid-AccumulAting storAge roots of different cultivArs. Further AnAlysis confirmed A concomitAnt reduction in stArch content And increAsed levels of totAl fAtty Acids, triAcylglycerols, soluble sugArs And Abscisic Acid. PotAto engineered to co-express DXS And crtB displAyed A similAr correlAtion between β-cArotene AccumulAtion, reduced dry mAtter And stArch content And elevAted oil And soluble sugArs in tubers. TrAnscriptome AnAlyses reveAled A reduced expression of genes involved in stArch biosynthesis including ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylAse genes in trAnsgenic, cArotene-AccumulAting cAssAvA roots relAtive to nontrAnsgenic roots. These findings highlight unintended metAbolic consequences of ProvitAmin A biofortificAtion of stArch-rich orgAns And point to strAtegies for redirecting metAbolic flux to restore stArch production.
