The Experts below are selected from a list of 1830 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Cristina P. Vieira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variability patterns and positively selected sites at the gametophytic self incompatibility pollen sfb gene in a wild self incompatible Prunus spinosa rosaceae population
New Phytologist, 2006Co-Authors: Maria D. S. Nunes, Raquel A. M. Santos, Sónia Mairos Ferreira, Jorge Vieira, Cristina P. VieiraAbstract:Summary • Current models for the generation of new gametophytic self-incompatibility specificities require that neutral variability segregates within specificity classes. Furthermore, one of the models predicts greater ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions in pollen than in pistil specificity genes. All models assume that new specificities arise by mutation only. • To test these models, 21 SFB (the pollen S-locus) alleles from a wild Prunus spinosa (Rosaceae) population were obtained. For seven of these, the corresponding S-haplotype was also characterized. The SFB data set was also used to identify positively selected sites. Those sites are likely to be the ones responsible for defining pollen specificities. • Of the 23 sites identified as being positively selected, 21 are located in the variable (including a new region described here) and hypervariable regions. Little variability is found within specificity classes. There is no evidence for selective sweeps being more frequent in pollen than in pistil specificity genes. The S-RNase and the SFB genes have only partially correlated evolutionary histories. • None of the models is compatible with the variability patterns found in the SFB and the S-haplotype data.
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Variability patterns and positively selected sites at the gametophytic self‐incompatibility pollen SFB gene in a wild self‐incompatible Prunus spinosa (Rosaceae) population
The New phytologist, 2006Co-Authors: Maria D. S. Nunes, Raquel A. M. Santos, Sónia Mairos Ferreira, Jorge Vieira, Cristina P. VieiraAbstract:Summary • Current models for the generation of new gametophytic self-incompatibility specificities require that neutral variability segregates within specificity classes. Furthermore, one of the models predicts greater ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions in pollen than in pistil specificity genes. All models assume that new specificities arise by mutation only. • To test these models, 21 SFB (the pollen S-locus) alleles from a wild Prunus spinosa (Rosaceae) population were obtained. For seven of these, the corresponding S-haplotype was also characterized. The SFB data set was also used to identify positively selected sites. Those sites are likely to be the ones responsible for defining pollen specificities. • Of the 23 sites identified as being positively selected, 21 are located in the variable (including a new region described here) and hypervariable regions. Little variability is found within specificity classes. There is no evidence for selective sweeps being more frequent in pollen than in pistil specificity genes. The S-RNase and the SFB genes have only partially correlated evolutionary histories. • None of the models is compatible with the variability patterns found in the SFB and the S-haplotype data.
Maria D. S. Nunes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variability patterns and positively selected sites at the gametophytic self incompatibility pollen sfb gene in a wild self incompatible Prunus spinosa rosaceae population
New Phytologist, 2006Co-Authors: Maria D. S. Nunes, Raquel A. M. Santos, Sónia Mairos Ferreira, Jorge Vieira, Cristina P. VieiraAbstract:Summary • Current models for the generation of new gametophytic self-incompatibility specificities require that neutral variability segregates within specificity classes. Furthermore, one of the models predicts greater ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions in pollen than in pistil specificity genes. All models assume that new specificities arise by mutation only. • To test these models, 21 SFB (the pollen S-locus) alleles from a wild Prunus spinosa (Rosaceae) population were obtained. For seven of these, the corresponding S-haplotype was also characterized. The SFB data set was also used to identify positively selected sites. Those sites are likely to be the ones responsible for defining pollen specificities. • Of the 23 sites identified as being positively selected, 21 are located in the variable (including a new region described here) and hypervariable regions. Little variability is found within specificity classes. There is no evidence for selective sweeps being more frequent in pollen than in pistil specificity genes. The S-RNase and the SFB genes have only partially correlated evolutionary histories. • None of the models is compatible with the variability patterns found in the SFB and the S-haplotype data.
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Variability patterns and positively selected sites at the gametophytic self‐incompatibility pollen SFB gene in a wild self‐incompatible Prunus spinosa (Rosaceae) population
The New phytologist, 2006Co-Authors: Maria D. S. Nunes, Raquel A. M. Santos, Sónia Mairos Ferreira, Jorge Vieira, Cristina P. VieiraAbstract:Summary • Current models for the generation of new gametophytic self-incompatibility specificities require that neutral variability segregates within specificity classes. Furthermore, one of the models predicts greater ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions in pollen than in pistil specificity genes. All models assume that new specificities arise by mutation only. • To test these models, 21 SFB (the pollen S-locus) alleles from a wild Prunus spinosa (Rosaceae) population were obtained. For seven of these, the corresponding S-haplotype was also characterized. The SFB data set was also used to identify positively selected sites. Those sites are likely to be the ones responsible for defining pollen specificities. • Of the 23 sites identified as being positively selected, 21 are located in the variable (including a new region described here) and hypervariable regions. Little variability is found within specificity classes. There is no evidence for selective sweeps being more frequent in pollen than in pistil specificity genes. The S-RNase and the SFB genes have only partially correlated evolutionary histories. • None of the models is compatible with the variability patterns found in the SFB and the S-haplotype data.
Stefania Meschini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anticancer activity of trigno m extract of Prunus spinosa drupes against in vitro 3d and in vivo colon cancer models
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2019Co-Authors: Maria Condello, Evelin Pellegrini, Giovanni Occhionero, Sebastiano Delfine, Franco Mastrodonato, Enrico P. Spugnini, Alfonso Baldi, Bruno Amadio, Bruno Vincenzi, Stefania MeschiniAbstract:Abstract In 2018 there were over 1.8 million new cases worldwide of colorectal cancer and relapses after clinical treatments. Many studies ascribe the risk of the appearance of this cancer to the Western life style : a sedentary life, obesity, and low -fiber, high -fat diets can promote the onset of disease. Several studies have shown supplement phytochemicals to have an inhibiting effect on the growth of various cancers through the activation of apoptosis. Our goal was to prove the effectiveness of a natural compound in the combined therapy of colorectal cancer. Trigno M supplement was an optimal candidate as anticancer product for its high concentrations of phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Our work showed the antitumor activity of Trigno M, extract of Prunus spinosa drupes combined with the nutraceutical activator complex (NAC), in 2D, 3D and in vivo colorectal cancer models. The cellular model we used both in vitro and in vivo was the HCT116 cell line, particularly suitable for engraftment after inoculation in mice. Trigno M inhibited the growth and colony formation of HCT116 cells (35%) as compared to the chemotherapy treatment with 5-fluorouracil (80%) used in clinical therapy. The reduction of the morphological dimensions in the spheroid cells after Trigno M, was compared with 5-fluorouracil demonstrating the efficacy of the Trigno M compound also in 3D models. Flow cytometric analysis on 3D cells showed a significant increase in the apoptotic cell fraction after Trigno M treatment (44.8%) and a low level of necrotic fraction (6.7%) as compared with control cells. Trigno M and 5-fluorouracil induced the apoptosis in a comparable percentage. Monotherapy with Trigno M in severely immunodeficient mice, carrying colon rectal cancer xenografts, significantly reduced tumor growth. The histopatological analysis of the ectopic tumors showed a lower level of necrosis after Trigno M treatment compared with the control. We conclude that Trigno M is well tolerated by mice, delays colorectal cancer growth in these animals and should be weighed up for integration of the current multi-drug protocols in the treatment of colon carcinoma.
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Anticancer activity of “Trigno M”, extract of Prunus spinosa drupes, against in vitro 3D and in vivo colon cancer models
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2019Co-Authors: Maria Condello, Evelin Pellegrini, Giovanni Occhionero, Sebastiano Delfine, Franco Mastrodonato, Enrico P. Spugnini, Alfonso Baldi, Bruno Amadio, Bruno Vincenzi, Stefania MeschiniAbstract:Abstract In 2018 there were over 1.8 million new cases worldwide of colorectal cancer and relapses after clinical treatments. Many studies ascribe the risk of the appearance of this cancer to the Western life style : a sedentary life, obesity, and low -fiber, high -fat diets can promote the onset of disease. Several studies have shown supplement phytochemicals to have an inhibiting effect on the growth of various cancers through the activation of apoptosis. Our goal was to prove the effectiveness of a natural compound in the combined therapy of colorectal cancer. Trigno M supplement was an optimal candidate as anticancer product for its high concentrations of phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Our work showed the antitumor activity of Trigno M, extract of Prunus spinosa drupes combined with the nutraceutical activator complex (NAC), in 2D, 3D and in vivo colorectal cancer models. The cellular model we used both in vitro and in vivo was the HCT116 cell line, particularly suitable for engraftment after inoculation in mice. Trigno M inhibited the growth and colony formation of HCT116 cells (35%) as compared to the chemotherapy treatment with 5-fluorouracil (80%) used in clinical therapy. The reduction of the morphological dimensions in the spheroid cells after Trigno M, was compared with 5-fluorouracil demonstrating the efficacy of the Trigno M compound also in 3D models. Flow cytometric analysis on 3D cells showed a significant increase in the apoptotic cell fraction after Trigno M treatment (44.8%) and a low level of necrotic fraction (6.7%) as compared with control cells. Trigno M and 5-fluorouracil induced the apoptosis in a comparable percentage. Monotherapy with Trigno M in severely immunodeficient mice, carrying colon rectal cancer xenografts, significantly reduced tumor growth. The histopatological analysis of the ectopic tumors showed a lower level of necrosis after Trigno M treatment compared with the control. We conclude that Trigno M is well tolerated by mice, delays colorectal cancer growth in these animals and should be weighed up for integration of the current multi-drug protocols in the treatment of colon carcinoma.
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cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of Prunus spinosa trigno ecotype extract on human cancer cells
Molecules, 2017Co-Authors: Stefania Meschini, Evelin Pellegrini, Maria Condello, Giovanni Occhionero, Sebastiano Delfine, Giancarlo Condello, Franco MastrodonatoAbstract:The aim of this work was to demonstrate that a natural compound, not-toxic to normal cells, has cytotoxic and sensitizing effects on carcinoma cells, with the final goal of combining it with chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce the overall dose. Prunus spinosa Trigno ecotype (PsT) drupe extract with a nutraceutical activator complex (NAC) made of amino acids, vitamins and mineral salt blends, has shown in vitro anticancer activity. The cytotoxic effect of (PsT + NAC)® has been evaluated on human cancer cells, with an initial screening with colorectal, uterine cervical, and bronchoalveolar cells, and a subsequent focus on colon carcinoma cells HCT116 and SW480. The viability reduction of HCT116 and SW480 after treatment with (PsT 10 mg/mL + NAC)® was about 40% (p < 0.05), compared to control cells. The cell’s survival reduction was ineffective when the drug vehicle (NAC) was replaced with a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or physiological solution (PS). The flow cytometry evaluation of cancer cells’ mitochondrial membrane potential showed an increase of 20% depolarized mitochondria. Cell cycle analysis showed a sub G1 (Gap 1 phase) peak appearance (HCT116: 35.1%; SW480: 11.6%), indicating apoptotic cell death induction that was confirmed by Annexin V assay (HCT116: 86%; SW480: 96%). Normal cells were not altered by (PsT + NAC)® treatments.
Itziar Aguinagalde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Association Between Chloroplast DNA and Mitochondrial DNA Haplotypes in Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae) Populations across Europe
Annals of botany, 2003Co-Authors: Aparajita Mohanty, Juan Pedro Martín, Luis Miguel González, Itziar AguinagaldeAbstract:Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were studied in 24 populations of Prunus spinosa sampled across Europe. The cpDNA and mtDNA fragments were amplified using universal primers and subsequently digested with restriction enzymes to obtain the polymorphisms. Combinations of all the polymorphisms resulted in 33 cpDNA haplotypes and two mtDNA haplotypes. Strict association between the cpDNA haplotypes and the mtDNA haplotypes was detected in most cases, indicating conjoint inheritance of the two genomes. The most frequent and abundant cpDNA haplotype (C20; frequency, 51 %) is always associated with the more frequent and abundant mtDNA haplotype (M1; frequency, 84 %). All but two of the cpDNA haplotypes associated with the less frequent mtDNA haplotype (M2) are private haplotypes. These private haplotypes are phylogenetically related but geographically unrelated. They form a separate cluster on the minimum-length spanning tree. a 2003 Annals of Botany Company
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Population genetic analysis of European Prunus spinosa (Rosaceae) using chloroplast DNA markers.
American journal of botany, 2002Co-Authors: Aparajita Mohanty, Juan Pedro Martín, Itziar AguinagaldeAbstract:Chloroplast DNA diversity in Prunus spinosa, a common shrub of European deciduous forests, was assessed using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Thirty-two haplotypes were detected in 25 populations spread across the European continent. Ten haplotypes were shared by two or more populations, and 22 were private. The major proportion of the total cpDNA diversity (H T = 0.73) was located within the populatibns (H S = 0.49), and differentiation between populations was low (G S T = 0.33) compared with other forest species. Haplotype diversity was higher in southern Europe than in northern Europe, indicating probable localization of glacial refugia in southern Europe. The minimum-length spanning tree of haplotypes showed incongruency between the phylogeny of haplotypes and their geographic locations. This might be the result of intensive seed movements following recolonization, which thereby erased the phylogeographic structure in P. spinosa.
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Chloroplast DNA diversity within and among populations of the allotetraploid Prunus spinosa L.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000Co-Authors: Aparajita Mohanty, Juan Pedro Martín, Itziar AguinagaldeAbstract:High chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity was found within and among populations of Prunus spinosa sampled from seven European deciduous forests. A study of 12% of the total chloroplast genome detected 44 mutations, which were distributed over 24 haplotypes; four were common to two or more populations and the rest were unique haplotypes. The most-abundant and widely distributed haplotype was H2 (frequency = 41% approximately). Six of the seven populations were polymorphic. All of the six polymorphic populations had ”private” haplotypes (frequency < 5%) in addition to common haplotypes. The UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated a correlation between populations and their geographical locations. The total diversity was high (hT = 0.824) and a major portion of it was within populations (hs = 0.663). The level of population subdivision for unordered alleles was low (GST = 19.5%) and for ordered alleles was lower (NST = 13.6%). No phylogeographic structure could be demonstrated in the present geographical scale. High polymorphism in the cpDNA of P. spinosa has to be considered carefully when planning phylogenetic studies involving this species.
María Isabel Calvo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of a gel emulsion containing microalgal oil and a blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) branch extract on the antioxidant capacity and acceptability of reduced-fat beef patties.
Meat science, 2018Co-Authors: Marta Alejandre, Diana Ansorena, María Isabel Calvo, Rita Yolanda Cavero, Iciar AstiasaránAbstract:The addition of a blackthorn branch extract (Prunus spinosa L.) to a gel emulsion system containing microalgal oil was examined in order to obtain a functional ingredient (APG), for use as fat replacer in beef patties. Chromatographic analysis indicated that catechins were the major polyphenols present in the Prunus spinosa L. extract. The antioxidant capacity increased as a result of the extract addition, as shown by the comparison of the gel emulsions, with and without it (APG and AG, respectively). Beef patties containing APG as fat replacer (modified patties) had a lower fat content (5.3% versus 10.75%), doubled the antioxidant activity and the DHA content, and improved the stability against oxidation by reducing the peroxide content more than two fold when compared to control patties. In addition, instrumental color measured by the CIE L*a*b* system showed no significant difference between control and modified raw patties. Moreover, the sensory acceptability of the new formulation was confirmed by a like/dislike hedonic test.
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Phenolic compounds of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) and influence of in vitro digestion on their antioxidant capacity
Journal of Functional Foods, 2015Co-Authors: Raquel Pinacho, Diana Ansorena, Rita Yolanda Cavero, Iciar Astiasarán, María Isabel CalvoAbstract:Total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of branches, leaves and fruits from Prunus spinosa were quantified by spectrophotometrical methods and the results showed solvent and botanical organ dependence. In order to detect antioxidant activity, a method based on the reduction of DPPH was carried out. Activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of branches demonstrated a higher scavenging capacity compared to other analysed extracts. Phytochemical analysis allowed detecting flavonoids, coumarins, phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols. Ethanolic extract of branches was subjected to an in vitro digestion. Buccal and gastric digestion had no substantial effect on any of the phenolic compounds. However, these compounds were significantly altered during intestinal digestion. The results showed that a significant proportion of these compounds would be transformed into other unknown and/or undetected structural forms. Furthermore, three phenolic acids, two coumarins, fourteen flavan-3-ols, and six flavonols were identified using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS.
