The Experts below are selected from a list of 1431 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robin L Carhartharris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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psilocybin with psychological support for treatment resistant depression six month follow up
Psychopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Robin L Carhartharris, Mark Bolstridge, C. M.j. Day, R. Watts, David Erritzoe, James Rucker, Mendel KaelenAbstract:Recent clinical trials are reporting marked improvements in mental health outcomes with Psychedelic Drug-assisted psychotherapy. Here, we report on safety and efficacy outcomes for up to 6 months in an open-label trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Twenty patients (six females) with (mostly) severe, unipolar, treatment-resistant major depression received two oral doses of psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, 7 days apart) in a supportive setting. Depressive symptoms were assessed from 1 week to 6 months post-treatment, with the self-rated QIDS-SR16 as the primary outcome measure. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Relative to baseline, marked reductions in depressive symptoms were observed for the first 5 weeks post-treatment (Cohen’s d = 2.2 at week 1 and 2.3 at week 5, both p < 0.001); nine and four patients met the criteria for response and remission at week 5. Results remained positive at 3 and 6 months (Cohen’s d = 1.5 and 1.4, respectively, both p < 0.001). No patients sought conventional antidepressant treatment within 5 weeks of psilocybin. Reductions in depressive symptoms at 5 weeks were predicted by the quality of the acute Psychedelic experience. Although limited conclusions can be drawn about treatment efficacy from open-label trials, tolerability was good, effect sizes large and symptom improvements appeared rapidly after just two psilocybin treatment sessions and remained significant 6 months post-treatment in a treatment-resistant cohort. Psilocybin represents a promising paradigm for unresponsive depression that warrants further research in double-blind randomised control trials.
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neural correlates of the lsd experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Robin L Carhartharris, Mendel Kaelen, Suresh D Muthukumaraswamy, Leor Roseman, Wouter Droog, Kevin Murphy, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Eduardo Ekman SchenbergAbstract:Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the prototypical Psychedelic Drug, but its effects on the human brain have never been studied before with modern neuroimaging. Here, three complementary neuroimaging techniques: arterial spin labeling (ASL), blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) measures, and magnetoencephalography (MEG), implemented during resting state conditions, revealed marked changes in brain activity after LSD that correlated strongly with its characteristic psychological effects. Increased visual cortex cerebral blood flow (CBF), decreased visual cortex alpha power, and a greatly expanded primary visual cortex (V1) functional connectivity profile correlated strongly with ratings of visual hallucinations, implying that intrinsic brain activity exerts greater influence on visual processing in the Psychedelic state, thereby defining its hallucinatory quality. LSD’s marked effects on the visual cortex did not significantly correlate with the Drug’s other characteristic effects on consciousness, however. Rather, decreased connectivity between the parahippocampus and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) correlated strongly with ratings of “ego-dissolution” and “altered meaning,” implying the importance of this particular circuit for the maintenance of “self” or “ego” and its processing of “meaning.” Strong relationships were also found between the different imaging metrics, enabling firmer inferences to be made about their functional significance. This uniquely comprehensive examination of the LSD state represents an important advance in scientific research with Psychedelic Drugs at a time of growing interest in their scientific and therapeutic value. The present results contribute important new insights into the characteristic hallucinatory and consciousness-altering properties of Psychedelics that inform on how they can model certain pathological states and potentially treat others.
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the entropic brain a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with Psychedelic Drugs
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Robin L Carhartharris, Amanda Feilding, Robert Leech, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Peter J Hellyer, Murray Shanahan, Dante R Chialvo, David J NuttAbstract:Entropy is a dimensionless quantity that is used for measuring uncertainty about the state of a system but it can also imply physical qualities, where high entropy is synonymous with high disorder. Entropy is applied here in the context of states of consciousness and their associated neural dynamics, with a particular focus on the Psychedelic state. The Psychedelic state is considered an exemplar of a primitive or primary state of consciousness that preceded the development of modern, adult, human, normal waking consciousness. Based on neuroimaging data with psilocybin, a classic Psychedelic Drug, it is argued that the defining feature of ‘primary states’ is elevated entropy in certain aspects of brain function, such as the repertoire of functional connectivity motifs that form and fragment across time. It is noted that elevated entropy in this sense, is a characteristic of systems exhibiting ‘self-organised criticality’, i.e., a property of systems that gravitate towards a ‘critical’ point in a transition zone between order and disorder in which certain phenomena such as power-law scaling appear. This implies that entropy is suppressed in normal waking consciousness, meaning that the brain operates just below criticality. It is argued that this entropy suppression furnishes consciousness with a constrained quality and associated metacognitive functions, including reality-testing and self-awareness. It is also proposed that entry into primary states depends on a collapse of the normally highly organised activity within the default-mode network (DMN) and a decoupling between the DMN and the medial temporal lobes (which are normally significantly coupled). These hypotheses can be tested by examining brain activity and associated cognition in other candidate primary states such as REM sleep and early psychosis and comparing these with non-primary states such as normal waking consciousness and the anaesthetised state.
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implications for Psychedelic assisted psychotherapy functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2012Co-Authors: Robin L Carhartharris, David Erritzoe, David J Sharp, Robert Leech, John Evans, N Abbasi, T Bargiotas, Peter Hobden, T.m. Williams, Amanda FeildingAbstract:Background Psilocybin is a classic Psychedelic Drug that has a history of use in psychotherapy. One of the rationales for its use was that it aids emotional insight by lowering psychological defences. Aims To test the hypothesis that psilocybin facilitates access to personal memories and emotions by comparing subjective and neural responses to positive autobiographical memories under psilocybin and placebo. Method Ten healthy participants received two functional magnetic resonance imaging scans (2 mg intravenous psilocybin v. intravenous saline), separated by approximately 7 days, during which they viewed two different sets of 15 positive autobiographical memory cues. Participants viewed each cue for 6 s and then closed their eyes for 16 s and imagined re-experiencing the event. Activations during this recollection period were compared with an equivalent period of eyes-closed rest. We split the recollection period into an early phase (first 8 s) and a late phase (last 8 s) for analysis. Results Robust activations to the memories were seen in limbic and striatal regions in the early phase and the medial prefrontal cortex in the late phase in both conditions (P<0.001, whole brain cluster correction), but there were additional visual and other sensory cortical activations in the late phase under psilocybin that were absent under placebo. Ratings of memory vividness and visual imagery were significantly higher after psilocybin (P<0.05) and there was a significant positive correlation between vividness and subjective well-being at follow-up (P<0.01). Conclusions Evidence that psilocybin enhances autobiographical recollection implies that it may be useful in psychotherapy either as a tool to facilitate the recall of salient memories or to reverse negative cognitive biases.
Wallans T.p. Dos Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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voltammetric signatures of 2 5 dimethoxy n 2 methoxybenzyl phenethylamines on boron doped diamond electrodes detection in blotting paper samples
Electrochemistry Communications, 2017Co-Authors: Glayton A. Souza, Tiago J. Guedes, Anderson C. De Oliveira, Rodrigo A.a. Munoz, Luciano C. Arantes, Pablo A. Marinho, Wallans T.p. Dos SantosAbstract:Abstract This work is concerned with the electrochemical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs), in particular 2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl) phenethylamine structures (NBOMes) and the analogous 2,5-dimethoxy phenethylamine structures (2C-X group) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Fast square-wave voltammetry was used to identify the substances in question. The antifouling properties of the BDD surface resulted in stable, repeatable, sensitive and unique voltammetric responses for these NPSs, producing different voltammetric signatures. Different NBOMes were identified by voltammetric methods in blotting paper seized from the Drug market, without any interference from LSD, another Psychedelic Drug distributed via blotting paper. The proposed method achieved detection limits lower than 0.1 μmol L − 1 with high precision (RSD n = 10) for all analytes.
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Voltammetric signatures of 2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl) phenethylamines on boron-doped diamond electrodes: Detection in blotting paper samples
Elsevier, 2017Co-Authors: Glayton A. Souza, Tiago J. Guedes, Anderson C. De Oliveira, Rodrigo A.a. Munoz, Luciano C. Arantes, Pablo A. Marinho, Wallans T.p. Dos SantosAbstract:This work is concerned with the electrochemical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs), in particular 2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl) phenethylamine structures (NBOMes) and the analogous 2,5-dimethoxy phenethylamine structures (2C-X group) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Fast square-wave voltammetry was used to identify the substances in question. The antifouling properties of the BDD surface resulted in stable, repeatable, sensitive and unique voltammetric responses for these NPSs, producing different voltammetric signatures. Different NBOMes were identified by voltammetric methods in blotting paper seized from the Drug market, without any interference from LSD, another Psychedelic Drug distributed via blotting paper. The proposed method achieved detection limits lower than 0.1μmolL−1 with high precision (RSD
Mendel Kaelen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up
Psychopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Robin L. Carhart-harris, Mendel Kaelen, Mark Bolstridge, Bruna Giribaldi, C. M.j. Day, Michael Bloomfield, R. Watts, David Erritzoe, James Rucker, Stephen PillingAbstract:Rationale Recent clinical trials are reporting marked improvements in mental health outcomes with Psychedelic Drug-assisted psychotherapy. Objectives Here, we report on safety and efficacy outcomes for up to 6 months in an open-label trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Methods Twenty patients (six females) with (mostly) severe, unipolar, treatment-resistant major depression received two oral doses of psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, 7 days apart) in a supportive setting. Depressive symptoms were assessed from 1 week to 6 months post-treatment, with the self-rated QIDS-SR16 as the primary outcome measure. Results Treatment was generally well tolerated. Relative to baseline, marked reductions in depressive symptoms were observed for the first 5 weeks post-treatment (Cohen’s d = 2.2 at week 1 and 2.3 at week 5, both p
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psilocybin with psychological support for treatment resistant depression six month follow up
Psychopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Robin L Carhartharris, Mark Bolstridge, C. M.j. Day, R. Watts, David Erritzoe, James Rucker, Mendel KaelenAbstract:Recent clinical trials are reporting marked improvements in mental health outcomes with Psychedelic Drug-assisted psychotherapy. Here, we report on safety and efficacy outcomes for up to 6 months in an open-label trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Twenty patients (six females) with (mostly) severe, unipolar, treatment-resistant major depression received two oral doses of psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, 7 days apart) in a supportive setting. Depressive symptoms were assessed from 1 week to 6 months post-treatment, with the self-rated QIDS-SR16 as the primary outcome measure. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Relative to baseline, marked reductions in depressive symptoms were observed for the first 5 weeks post-treatment (Cohen’s d = 2.2 at week 1 and 2.3 at week 5, both p < 0.001); nine and four patients met the criteria for response and remission at week 5. Results remained positive at 3 and 6 months (Cohen’s d = 1.5 and 1.4, respectively, both p < 0.001). No patients sought conventional antidepressant treatment within 5 weeks of psilocybin. Reductions in depressive symptoms at 5 weeks were predicted by the quality of the acute Psychedelic experience. Although limited conclusions can be drawn about treatment efficacy from open-label trials, tolerability was good, effect sizes large and symptom improvements appeared rapidly after just two psilocybin treatment sessions and remained significant 6 months post-treatment in a treatment-resistant cohort. Psilocybin represents a promising paradigm for unresponsive depression that warrants further research in double-blind randomised control trials.
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Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up
Psychopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Robin L. Carhart-harris, Mendel Kaelen, Mark Bolstridge, Bruna Giribaldi, C. M.j. Day, Michael Bloomfield, R. Watts, David Erritzoe, James Rucker, Stephen PillingAbstract:RATIONALE Recent clinical trials are reporting marked improvements in mental health outcomes with Psychedelic Drug-assisted psychotherapy. OBJECTIVES Here, we report on safety and efficacy outcomes for up to 6 months in an open-label trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. METHODS Twenty patients (six females) with (mostly) severe, unipolar, treatment-resistant major depression received two oral doses of psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, 7 days apart) in a supportive setting. Depressive symptoms were assessed from 1 week to 6 months post-treatment, with the self-rated QIDS-SR16 as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS Treatment was generally well tolerated. Relative to baseline, marked reductions in depressive symptoms were observed for the first 5 weeks post-treatment (Cohen's d = 2.2 at week 1 and 2.3 at week 5, both p < 0.001); nine and four patients met the criteria for response and remission at week 5. Results remained positive at 3 and 6 months (Cohen's d = 1.5 and 1.4, respectively, both p < 0.001). No patients sought conventional antidepressant treatment within 5 weeks of psilocybin. Reductions in depressive symptoms at 5 weeks were predicted by the quality of the acute Psychedelic experience. CONCLUSIONS Although limited conclusions can be drawn about treatment efficacy from open-label trials, tolerability was good, effect sizes large and symptom improvements appeared rapidly after just two psilocybin treatment sessions and remained significant 6 months post-treatment in a treatment-resistant cohort. Psilocybin represents a promising paradigm for unresponsive depression that warrants further research in double-blind randomised control trials.
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neural correlates of the lsd experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Robin L Carhartharris, Mendel Kaelen, Suresh D Muthukumaraswamy, Leor Roseman, Wouter Droog, Kevin Murphy, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Eduardo Ekman SchenbergAbstract:Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the prototypical Psychedelic Drug, but its effects on the human brain have never been studied before with modern neuroimaging. Here, three complementary neuroimaging techniques: arterial spin labeling (ASL), blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) measures, and magnetoencephalography (MEG), implemented during resting state conditions, revealed marked changes in brain activity after LSD that correlated strongly with its characteristic psychological effects. Increased visual cortex cerebral blood flow (CBF), decreased visual cortex alpha power, and a greatly expanded primary visual cortex (V1) functional connectivity profile correlated strongly with ratings of visual hallucinations, implying that intrinsic brain activity exerts greater influence on visual processing in the Psychedelic state, thereby defining its hallucinatory quality. LSD’s marked effects on the visual cortex did not significantly correlate with the Drug’s other characteristic effects on consciousness, however. Rather, decreased connectivity between the parahippocampus and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) correlated strongly with ratings of “ego-dissolution” and “altered meaning,” implying the importance of this particular circuit for the maintenance of “self” or “ego” and its processing of “meaning.” Strong relationships were also found between the different imaging metrics, enabling firmer inferences to be made about their functional significance. This uniquely comprehensive examination of the LSD state represents an important advance in scientific research with Psychedelic Drugs at a time of growing interest in their scientific and therapeutic value. The present results contribute important new insights into the characteristic hallucinatory and consciousness-altering properties of Psychedelics that inform on how they can model certain pathological states and potentially treat others.
Stephen Pilling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up
Psychopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Robin L. Carhart-harris, Mendel Kaelen, Mark Bolstridge, Bruna Giribaldi, C. M.j. Day, Michael Bloomfield, R. Watts, David Erritzoe, James Rucker, Stephen PillingAbstract:Rationale Recent clinical trials are reporting marked improvements in mental health outcomes with Psychedelic Drug-assisted psychotherapy. Objectives Here, we report on safety and efficacy outcomes for up to 6 months in an open-label trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Methods Twenty patients (six females) with (mostly) severe, unipolar, treatment-resistant major depression received two oral doses of psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, 7 days apart) in a supportive setting. Depressive symptoms were assessed from 1 week to 6 months post-treatment, with the self-rated QIDS-SR16 as the primary outcome measure. Results Treatment was generally well tolerated. Relative to baseline, marked reductions in depressive symptoms were observed for the first 5 weeks post-treatment (Cohen’s d = 2.2 at week 1 and 2.3 at week 5, both p
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Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up
Psychopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Robin L. Carhart-harris, Mendel Kaelen, Mark Bolstridge, Bruna Giribaldi, C. M.j. Day, Michael Bloomfield, R. Watts, David Erritzoe, James Rucker, Stephen PillingAbstract:RATIONALE Recent clinical trials are reporting marked improvements in mental health outcomes with Psychedelic Drug-assisted psychotherapy. OBJECTIVES Here, we report on safety and efficacy outcomes for up to 6 months in an open-label trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. METHODS Twenty patients (six females) with (mostly) severe, unipolar, treatment-resistant major depression received two oral doses of psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, 7 days apart) in a supportive setting. Depressive symptoms were assessed from 1 week to 6 months post-treatment, with the self-rated QIDS-SR16 as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS Treatment was generally well tolerated. Relative to baseline, marked reductions in depressive symptoms were observed for the first 5 weeks post-treatment (Cohen's d = 2.2 at week 1 and 2.3 at week 5, both p < 0.001); nine and four patients met the criteria for response and remission at week 5. Results remained positive at 3 and 6 months (Cohen's d = 1.5 and 1.4, respectively, both p < 0.001). No patients sought conventional antidepressant treatment within 5 weeks of psilocybin. Reductions in depressive symptoms at 5 weeks were predicted by the quality of the acute Psychedelic experience. CONCLUSIONS Although limited conclusions can be drawn about treatment efficacy from open-label trials, tolerability was good, effect sizes large and symptom improvements appeared rapidly after just two psilocybin treatment sessions and remained significant 6 months post-treatment in a treatment-resistant cohort. Psilocybin represents a promising paradigm for unresponsive depression that warrants further research in double-blind randomised control trials.
Glayton A. Souza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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voltammetric signatures of 2 5 dimethoxy n 2 methoxybenzyl phenethylamines on boron doped diamond electrodes detection in blotting paper samples
Electrochemistry Communications, 2017Co-Authors: Glayton A. Souza, Tiago J. Guedes, Anderson C. De Oliveira, Rodrigo A.a. Munoz, Luciano C. Arantes, Pablo A. Marinho, Wallans T.p. Dos SantosAbstract:Abstract This work is concerned with the electrochemical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs), in particular 2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl) phenethylamine structures (NBOMes) and the analogous 2,5-dimethoxy phenethylamine structures (2C-X group) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Fast square-wave voltammetry was used to identify the substances in question. The antifouling properties of the BDD surface resulted in stable, repeatable, sensitive and unique voltammetric responses for these NPSs, producing different voltammetric signatures. Different NBOMes were identified by voltammetric methods in blotting paper seized from the Drug market, without any interference from LSD, another Psychedelic Drug distributed via blotting paper. The proposed method achieved detection limits lower than 0.1 μmol L − 1 with high precision (RSD n = 10) for all analytes.
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Voltammetric signatures of 2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl) phenethylamines on boron-doped diamond electrodes: Detection in blotting paper samples
Elsevier, 2017Co-Authors: Glayton A. Souza, Tiago J. Guedes, Anderson C. De Oliveira, Rodrigo A.a. Munoz, Luciano C. Arantes, Pablo A. Marinho, Wallans T.p. Dos SantosAbstract:This work is concerned with the electrochemical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs), in particular 2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl) phenethylamine structures (NBOMes) and the analogous 2,5-dimethoxy phenethylamine structures (2C-X group) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Fast square-wave voltammetry was used to identify the substances in question. The antifouling properties of the BDD surface resulted in stable, repeatable, sensitive and unique voltammetric responses for these NPSs, producing different voltammetric signatures. Different NBOMes were identified by voltammetric methods in blotting paper seized from the Drug market, without any interference from LSD, another Psychedelic Drug distributed via blotting paper. The proposed method achieved detection limits lower than 0.1μmolL−1 with high precision (RSD
