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Paul M. B. Vitányi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The generalized universal Law of generalization
    Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nick Chater, Paul M. B. Vitányi
    Abstract:

    Abstract It has been argued by Shepard that there is a robust Psychological Law that relates the distance between a pair of items in Psychological space and the probability that they will be perceived as similar. Specifically, this probability is a negative exponential function of the distance between the pair of items. In experimental contexts, distance is typically defined in terms of a multidimensional space—but this assumption seems unlikely to hold for complex stimuli. We show that, nonetheless, the Universal Law of Generalization can be derived in the more complex setting of arbitrary stimuli, using a much more universal measure of distance. This universal distance is defined as the length of the shortest program that transforms the representations of the two items of interest into one another: The algorithmic information distance. It is universal in the sense that it minorizes every computable distance: It is the smallest computable distance. We show that the Universal Law of Generalization holds with probability going to one—provided the probabilities concerned are computable. We also give a mathematically more appealing form of the Universal Law.

  • the generalized universal Law of generalization
    arXiv: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2001
    Co-Authors: Nick Chater, Paul M. B. Vitányi
    Abstract:

    It has been argued by Shepard that there is a robust Psychological Law that relates the distance between a pair of items in Psychological space and the probability that they will be confused with each other. Specifically, the probability of confusion is a negative exponential function of the distance between the pair of items. In experimental contexts, distance is typically defined in terms of a multidimensional Euclidean space-but this assumption seems unlikely to hold for complex stimuli. We show that, nonetheless, the Universal Law of Generalization can be derived in the more complex setting of arbitrary stimuli, using a much more universal measure of distance. This universal distance is defined as the length of the shortest program that transforms the representations of the two items of interest into one another: the algorithmic information distance. It is universal in the sense that it minorizes every computable distance: it is the smallest computable distance. We show that the universal Law of generalization holds with probability going to one-provided the confusion probabilities are computable. We also give a mathematically more appealing form

Nick Chater - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The generalized universal Law of generalization
    Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nick Chater, Paul M. B. Vitányi
    Abstract:

    Abstract It has been argued by Shepard that there is a robust Psychological Law that relates the distance between a pair of items in Psychological space and the probability that they will be perceived as similar. Specifically, this probability is a negative exponential function of the distance between the pair of items. In experimental contexts, distance is typically defined in terms of a multidimensional space—but this assumption seems unlikely to hold for complex stimuli. We show that, nonetheless, the Universal Law of Generalization can be derived in the more complex setting of arbitrary stimuli, using a much more universal measure of distance. This universal distance is defined as the length of the shortest program that transforms the representations of the two items of interest into one another: The algorithmic information distance. It is universal in the sense that it minorizes every computable distance: It is the smallest computable distance. We show that the Universal Law of Generalization holds with probability going to one—provided the probabilities concerned are computable. We also give a mathematically more appealing form of the Universal Law.

  • the generalized universal Law of generalization
    arXiv: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2001
    Co-Authors: Nick Chater, Paul M. B. Vitányi
    Abstract:

    It has been argued by Shepard that there is a robust Psychological Law that relates the distance between a pair of items in Psychological space and the probability that they will be confused with each other. Specifically, the probability of confusion is a negative exponential function of the distance between the pair of items. In experimental contexts, distance is typically defined in terms of a multidimensional Euclidean space-but this assumption seems unlikely to hold for complex stimuli. We show that, nonetheless, the Universal Law of Generalization can be derived in the more complex setting of arbitrary stimuli, using a much more universal measure of distance. This universal distance is defined as the length of the shortest program that transforms the representations of the two items of interest into one another: the algorithmic information distance. It is universal in the sense that it minorizes every computable distance: it is the smallest computable distance. We show that the universal Law of generalization holds with probability going to one-provided the confusion probabilities are computable. We also give a mathematically more appealing form

Karl Erik Warneryd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • economics and psychology economic psychology according to james mill and john stuart mill
    Journal of Economic Psychology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Karl Erik Warneryd
    Abstract:

    Abstract James and John Stuart Mill contributed to shaping both political economy and academic psychology. Their main publications in economics and psychology reflected the state of the art in both sciences and gave new impetus to the thinking. The paper examines to what extent they used academic psychology in their economic writings and economics in their Psychological writings. The upshot is that there was little cross-fertilization. The Psychological assumptions underlying economics, economic psychology in its basic sense, were in their treatment based on common-sense psychology and not on academic psychology. In his treatise on psychology in which he reviewed current academic psychology, James Mill devoted some chapters to motives related to money and wealth. He thus approached economic psychology in a Psychological context. His son John Stuart succinctly formulated the idea of the economic man and explored in depth the simple Psychological Law that ‘a greater gain is preferred to the smaller’. He propounded an important division of labor between economics and psychology.

Vadim Rozin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the problem of epistemological status of Psychological theoretical schemes Psychological Law theory ideal object scheme
    Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Vadim Rozin
    Abstract:

    The discussion of nature of the Psychological Law and interrelation between Psychological science and practice allows raising the question about the role of schemes and ideal objects in psychology. The notion of «scheme» and «ideal object» are characterized. Two cases are analyzed. The conclusion is made that schemes and ideal objects are created in both Psychological science and Psychological practice in accordance with each other, but logic and direction of thought is different for the science and practice. Three criteria (external, internal and evolutionary) of validity of Psychological theories and difference between academic and practically-oriented Psychological theories are examined.

Pozdnyakov V.m. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Psychological jurisprudence as an interdisciplinary science and the area of Psychological practice
    'Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University of Psychology and Education', 2020
    Co-Authors: Pozdnyakov V.m.
    Abstract:

    The article convincingly demonstrates that Russia is increasingly began to publish monographs Lawyers on key legal and Psychological phenomena, and in dissertations in the formulation of the provisions on the protection of delatsya criticism of "Westernization" of the state legislation and upheld Psychologicaland position. At the same time, critically, it is noted that in the field of legal ideology and policies, and in making innovations in the Law still, as in Soviet period, dominated by legal dogma, and Psychological realities are taken into account in fragments. The reason for this state of Affairs is that still within the framework of University training and further education of local Lawyers, in contrast to international practice, insufficient attention is paid to the development of Psychological culture, but in the end no full-fledged dialogue between Lawyers and psychologists. Taking into account possibilities of integrative methodology justified the subject of Psychological Law as an interdisciplinary science and the field of Psychological practice focused on the identification of regularities and mechanisms of development of legal awareness and legal existence of various actors in the legal activity aimed at the development of Psychologically informed interventions for the improvement of legal ideology and politics, systems of Law-making, Law enforcement and crime prevention, psycho-technical methods and techniques in activities of Law enforcement officials. For constructive development of Psychological jurisprudence identified the key areas of research and nodal practicerelevant problems