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M Robert P H H Pietrzak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychological Resilience in older u s veterans results from the national health and Resilience in veterans study
Depression and Anxiety, 2013Co-Authors: M Robert P H H Pietrzak, Joan M CookAbstract:BACKGROUND: Although a large body of empirical research has examined negative Psychological outcomes in older veterans, relatively little is known about the prevalence and determinants of Psychological Resilience in this population. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 2,025 U.S. veterans aged 60 and older (mean = 71.0, standard deviation = 7.1, range = 60-96) completed a web-based survey as part of the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS). Cluster analysis of measures of lifetime potentially traumatic events, and current PTSD, major depression, and generalized anxiety symptoms was used to classify Psychological outcomes. RESULTS: A three-group solution best fit the data: Control (low number of lifetime traumas, low current Psychological distress; 60.4%); Resilient (high number of lifetime traumas, low current Psychological distress; 27.5%); and distressed (high number of lifetime traumas, high current Psychological distress; 12.1%). Among older veterans with a high number of traumas, 69.5% were in the Resilient group. Compared to the Distressed group, the Resilient group was more likely to have college or higher level of education, and to be married or living with a partner. They also scored higher on measures of emotional stability, social connectedness (i.e., secure attachment style, social support), protective psychosocial characteristics (e.g., community integration, purpose in life), and positive perceptions of the military's effect on one's life; and lower on measures of physical health difficulties and psychiatric problems, and openness to experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Among older U.S. veterans who have endured a high number of traumas in their lifetimes, nearly 70% are Psychologically resilient in later life. Prevention efforts targeted toward bolstering social connectedness, community integration, and purpose in life may help promote Psychological Resilience in older veterans who endured a significant number of traumas in their lives. Language: en
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Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support protect against traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in soldiers returning from operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom
Depression and Anxiety, 2009Co-Authors: M Robert P H H Pietrzak, Douglas C Johnson, Marc B Goldstein, James C Malley, M Steven M D SouthwickAbstract:Background: A number of studies have examined the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and related psychiatric conditions in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), but none have examined whether factors such as Psychological Resilience and social support may protect against these conditions in this population. Methods: A total of 272 predominantly older reserve/National Guard OEF/OIF veterans completed a mail survey assessing traumatic stress and depressive symptoms, Resilience, and social support. Results: Resilience scores in the full sample were comparable to those observed in civilian outpatient primary-care patients. Respondents with PTSD, however, scored significantly lower on this measure and on measures of unit support and postdeployment social support. A hierarchical regression analysis in the full sample suggested that Resilience (specifically, increased personal control and positive acceptance of change) and postdeployment social support were negatively associated with traumatic stress and depressive symptoms, even after adjusting for demographic characteristics and combat exposure. Conclusions: These results suggest that interventions to bolster Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support may help reduce the severity of traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in OEF/OIF veterans. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support protect against traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in soldiers returning from operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom
Depression and Anxiety, 2009Co-Authors: M Robert P H H Pietrzak, Douglas C Johnson, Marc B Goldstein, James C Malley, M Steven M D SouthwickAbstract:Background: A number of studies have examined the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and related psychiatric conditions in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), but none have examined whether factors such as Psychological Resilience and social support may protect against these conditions in this population. Methods: A total of 272 predominantly older reserve/National Guard OEF/OIF veterans completed a mail survey assessing traumatic stress and depressive symptoms, Resilience, and social support. Results: Resilience scores in the full sample were comparable to those observed in civilian outpatient primary-care patients. Respondents with PTSD, however, scored significantly lower on this measure and on measures of unit support and postdeployment social support. A hierarchical regression analysis in the full sample suggested that Resilience (specifically, increased personal control and positive acceptance of change) and postdeployment social support were negatively associated with traumatic stress and depressive symptoms, even after adjusting for demographic characteristics and combat exposure. Conclusions: These results suggest that interventions to bolster Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support may help reduce the severity of traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in OEF/OIF veterans. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Robert H Pietrzak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychological Resilience to the challenges of physical aging in older u s veterans results from the 2019 2020 national health and Resilience in veterans study
American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2021Co-Authors: Ruth H Asch, Steven M Southwick, Lorig K Kachadourian, Irina Esterlis, Robert H PietrzakAbstract:ABSTRACT Objectives To employ a novel analytic approach to quantify Psychological Resilience to physical health difficulties and identify factors associated with greater Resilience in older U.S. veterans. Methods Data from a nationally representative sample of older U.S. military veterans (N = 3,001), who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study were analyzed to develop the Psychological Resilience Against Physical Difficulties Index (PRAPDI). Multiple regression and relative importance analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with greater PRAPDI scores. Results Secure attachment style [17.3% relative variance explained (RVE)], mindfulness [16.6% RVE], and purpose in life [15.0% RVE] emerged as the strongest correlates of PRAPDI scores. Conclusion Intervention strategies aimed at fostering mindfulness, attachment security, and purpose in life may help promote Psychological Resilience to the challenges of physical aging in older veterans.
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Psychological Resilience in frontline health care workers during the acute phase of the covid 19 pandemic in new york city
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Steven M Southwick, Jordyn H Feingold, Adriana Feder, Dennis S Charney, Lauren Peccoralo, Jonathan RippAbstract:Data were collected between April 14 and May 11, 2020, during the peak and initial decline of the acute patient surge. An anonymous, incentivized ($25 gift card) survey was emailed to a purposively selected sample of 6,026 FHCWs at Mount Sinai Hospital, an urban tertiary care hospital in NYC. Importance analyses revealed that positive emotions (interested [relative variance explained [RVE] = 14.7%], enthusiastic [RVE = 11.2%]), self-efficacy (RVE = 13.8%), nonengagement in substance use coping (RVE = 9.9%), higher purpose in life (RVE = 7.8%), and emotional support (RVE = 6.9%) and leadership support (RVE = 6.8%) were most strongly associated with Psychological Resilience, collectively explaining > 70% of the variance in these scores. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine factors associated with Psychological Resilience in FHCWs during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Psychological Resilience in oef oif veterans application of a novel classification approach and examination of demographic and psychosocial correlates
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Abstract A growing number of studies have examined the prevalence and correlates of psychopathology in Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF), but few have examined determinants of Resilience in this population. This study employed a novel approach to classify Psychological Resilience in a cross-sectional sample of OEF–OIF Veterans. A total of 272 predominantly older reserve/National Guard OEF/OIF Veterans completed a mail survey that assessed combat exposure, psychopathology, psychosocial functioning, and aspects of social support. Cluster analysis of scores on measures of combat exposure and PTSD symptoms revealed that a three-group solution best fit the data: Controls (low combat exposure, low PTSD symptoms); PTSD (high combat exposure, high PTSD symptoms); and Resilient (high combat exposure, low PTSD symptoms). Compared to the PTSD group, the Resilient group was more likely to be in a relationship and active duty; they also scored lower on a measure of psychosocial dysfunction, and higher on measures of Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support. Logistic regression analysis revealed that being in a relationship, having fewer psychosocial difficulties, and reporting greater perceptions of purpose/control and family support and understanding were significantly associated with resilient group membership. Results of this study demonstrate a novel approach to classifying Psychological Resilience and suggest that interventions to mitigate psychosocial difficulties, enhance perceptions of purpose and control, and bolster family support and understanding may help promote Resilience to combat-related PTSD in OEF–OIF Veterans.
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suicidal ideation in treatment seeking veterans of operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom the role of coping strategies Resilience and social support
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2011Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Amanda R Russo, Qi Ling, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Abstract Background Recent epidemiologic studies have found an increased risk of suicide among Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF) with psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about whether variables other than psychiatric conditions, such as coping strategies, Resilience, and social support, may be related to suicidality in this population. Methods A total of 167 OEF–OIF Veterans seeking behavioral or primary care services completed a survey containing measures of combat exposure, psychopathology, pain, Psychological Resilience, social support, and cognitive coping strategies. Results Thirty-six respondents (21.6%) reported contemplating suicide in the two weeks prior to completing the survey. Compared to suicide non-contemplators, suicide contemplators were older, and more likely to screen positive for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to report a deployment-related pain condition or complaint. They also scored higher on measures of worry, self-punishment, and cognitive–behavioral avoidance strategies, and lower on measures of Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support. Multivariate analysis revealed that a positive depression screen, and higher scores on measures of self-punishment and cognitive–social avoidance coping were positively associated with suicidal ideation, while higher scores on measures of Psychological Resilience (i.e., positive acceptance of change) were negatively related to suicidal ideation. Moderator analysis revealed that a positive screen for depression or PTSD significantly diminished the protective effect of postdeployment social support on suicidal ideation. Conclusions 1 in 5 treatment-seeking OEF–OIF Veterans may contemplate suicide. Interventions to reduce depressive symptoms, and maladaptive cognitive–behavioral coping strategies of self-punishment and cognitive social avoidance, and to bolster Psychological Resilience may help mitigate suicidality in this population.
Steven M Southwick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychological Resilience to the challenges of physical aging in older u s veterans results from the 2019 2020 national health and Resilience in veterans study
American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2021Co-Authors: Ruth H Asch, Steven M Southwick, Lorig K Kachadourian, Irina Esterlis, Robert H PietrzakAbstract:ABSTRACT Objectives To employ a novel analytic approach to quantify Psychological Resilience to physical health difficulties and identify factors associated with greater Resilience in older U.S. veterans. Methods Data from a nationally representative sample of older U.S. military veterans (N = 3,001), who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study were analyzed to develop the Psychological Resilience Against Physical Difficulties Index (PRAPDI). Multiple regression and relative importance analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with greater PRAPDI scores. Results Secure attachment style [17.3% relative variance explained (RVE)], mindfulness [16.6% RVE], and purpose in life [15.0% RVE] emerged as the strongest correlates of PRAPDI scores. Conclusion Intervention strategies aimed at fostering mindfulness, attachment security, and purpose in life may help promote Psychological Resilience to the challenges of physical aging in older veterans.
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Psychological Resilience in frontline health care workers during the acute phase of the covid 19 pandemic in new york city
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Steven M Southwick, Jordyn H Feingold, Adriana Feder, Dennis S Charney, Lauren Peccoralo, Jonathan RippAbstract:Data were collected between April 14 and May 11, 2020, during the peak and initial decline of the acute patient surge. An anonymous, incentivized ($25 gift card) survey was emailed to a purposively selected sample of 6,026 FHCWs at Mount Sinai Hospital, an urban tertiary care hospital in NYC. Importance analyses revealed that positive emotions (interested [relative variance explained [RVE] = 14.7%], enthusiastic [RVE = 11.2%]), self-efficacy (RVE = 13.8%), nonengagement in substance use coping (RVE = 9.9%), higher purpose in life (RVE = 7.8%), and emotional support (RVE = 6.9%) and leadership support (RVE = 6.8%) were most strongly associated with Psychological Resilience, collectively explaining > 70% of the variance in these scores. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine factors associated with Psychological Resilience in FHCWs during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Psychological Resilience in oef oif veterans application of a novel classification approach and examination of demographic and psychosocial correlates
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Abstract A growing number of studies have examined the prevalence and correlates of psychopathology in Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF), but few have examined determinants of Resilience in this population. This study employed a novel approach to classify Psychological Resilience in a cross-sectional sample of OEF–OIF Veterans. A total of 272 predominantly older reserve/National Guard OEF/OIF Veterans completed a mail survey that assessed combat exposure, psychopathology, psychosocial functioning, and aspects of social support. Cluster analysis of scores on measures of combat exposure and PTSD symptoms revealed that a three-group solution best fit the data: Controls (low combat exposure, low PTSD symptoms); PTSD (high combat exposure, high PTSD symptoms); and Resilient (high combat exposure, low PTSD symptoms). Compared to the PTSD group, the Resilient group was more likely to be in a relationship and active duty; they also scored lower on a measure of psychosocial dysfunction, and higher on measures of Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support. Logistic regression analysis revealed that being in a relationship, having fewer psychosocial difficulties, and reporting greater perceptions of purpose/control and family support and understanding were significantly associated with resilient group membership. Results of this study demonstrate a novel approach to classifying Psychological Resilience and suggest that interventions to mitigate psychosocial difficulties, enhance perceptions of purpose and control, and bolster family support and understanding may help promote Resilience to combat-related PTSD in OEF–OIF Veterans.
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suicidal ideation in treatment seeking veterans of operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom the role of coping strategies Resilience and social support
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2011Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Amanda R Russo, Qi Ling, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Abstract Background Recent epidemiologic studies have found an increased risk of suicide among Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF) with psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about whether variables other than psychiatric conditions, such as coping strategies, Resilience, and social support, may be related to suicidality in this population. Methods A total of 167 OEF–OIF Veterans seeking behavioral or primary care services completed a survey containing measures of combat exposure, psychopathology, pain, Psychological Resilience, social support, and cognitive coping strategies. Results Thirty-six respondents (21.6%) reported contemplating suicide in the two weeks prior to completing the survey. Compared to suicide non-contemplators, suicide contemplators were older, and more likely to screen positive for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to report a deployment-related pain condition or complaint. They also scored higher on measures of worry, self-punishment, and cognitive–behavioral avoidance strategies, and lower on measures of Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support. Multivariate analysis revealed that a positive depression screen, and higher scores on measures of self-punishment and cognitive–social avoidance coping were positively associated with suicidal ideation, while higher scores on measures of Psychological Resilience (i.e., positive acceptance of change) were negatively related to suicidal ideation. Moderator analysis revealed that a positive screen for depression or PTSD significantly diminished the protective effect of postdeployment social support on suicidal ideation. Conclusions 1 in 5 treatment-seeking OEF–OIF Veterans may contemplate suicide. Interventions to reduce depressive symptoms, and maladaptive cognitive–behavioral coping strategies of self-punishment and cognitive social avoidance, and to bolster Psychological Resilience may help mitigate suicidality in this population.
Joan M Cook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychological Resilience in u s military veterans a 2 year nationally representative prospective cohort study
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2017Co-Authors: Kayla H Isaacs, Joan M Cook, Natalie Mota, Jack Tsai, Ilan Harpazrotem, Paul D Kirwin, John H KrystalAbstract:Although many cross-sectional studies have examined the correlates of Psychological Resilience in U.S. military veterans, few longitudinal studies have identified long-term predictors of Resilience in this population. The current prospective cohort study utilized data from a nationally representative sample of 2157 U.S. military veterans who completed web-based surveys in two waves (2011 and 2013) as part of the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS). Cluster analysis of cumulative lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events and Wave 2 measures of current symptoms of posttraumatic stress, major depressive, and generalized anxiety disorders was performed to characterize different profiles of current trauma-related Psychological symptoms. Different profiles were compared with respect to sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics. A three-group cluster analysis revealed a Control group with low lifetime trauma exposure and low current Psychological distress (59.5%), a Resilient group with high lifetime trauma and low current distress (27.4%), and a Distressed group with both high trauma exposure and current distress symptoms (13.1%). These results suggest that the majority of trauma-exposed veterans (67.7%) are Psychologically resilient. Compared with the Distressed group, the Resilient group was younger, more likely to be Caucasian, and scored lower on measures of physical health difficulties, past psychiatric history, and substance abuse. Higher levels of emotional stability, extraversion, dispositional gratitude, purpose in life, and altruism, and lower levels of openness to experiences predicted resilient status. Prevention and treatment efforts designed to enhance modifiable factors such as gratitude, sense of purpose, and altruism may help promote Resilience in highly trauma-exposed veterans.
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Psychological Resilience in older u s veterans results from the national health and Resilience in veterans study
Depression and Anxiety, 2013Co-Authors: M Robert P H H Pietrzak, Joan M CookAbstract:BACKGROUND: Although a large body of empirical research has examined negative Psychological outcomes in older veterans, relatively little is known about the prevalence and determinants of Psychological Resilience in this population. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 2,025 U.S. veterans aged 60 and older (mean = 71.0, standard deviation = 7.1, range = 60-96) completed a web-based survey as part of the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS). Cluster analysis of measures of lifetime potentially traumatic events, and current PTSD, major depression, and generalized anxiety symptoms was used to classify Psychological outcomes. RESULTS: A three-group solution best fit the data: Control (low number of lifetime traumas, low current Psychological distress; 60.4%); Resilient (high number of lifetime traumas, low current Psychological distress; 27.5%); and distressed (high number of lifetime traumas, high current Psychological distress; 12.1%). Among older veterans with a high number of traumas, 69.5% were in the Resilient group. Compared to the Distressed group, the Resilient group was more likely to have college or higher level of education, and to be married or living with a partner. They also scored higher on measures of emotional stability, social connectedness (i.e., secure attachment style, social support), protective psychosocial characteristics (e.g., community integration, purpose in life), and positive perceptions of the military's effect on one's life; and lower on measures of physical health difficulties and psychiatric problems, and openness to experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Among older U.S. veterans who have endured a high number of traumas in their lifetimes, nearly 70% are Psychologically resilient in later life. Prevention efforts targeted toward bolstering social connectedness, community integration, and purpose in life may help promote Psychological Resilience in older veterans who endured a significant number of traumas in their lives. Language: en
M Steven M D Southwick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support protect against traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in soldiers returning from operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom
Depression and Anxiety, 2009Co-Authors: M Robert P H H Pietrzak, Douglas C Johnson, Marc B Goldstein, James C Malley, M Steven M D SouthwickAbstract:Background: A number of studies have examined the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and related psychiatric conditions in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), but none have examined whether factors such as Psychological Resilience and social support may protect against these conditions in this population. Methods: A total of 272 predominantly older reserve/National Guard OEF/OIF veterans completed a mail survey assessing traumatic stress and depressive symptoms, Resilience, and social support. Results: Resilience scores in the full sample were comparable to those observed in civilian outpatient primary-care patients. Respondents with PTSD, however, scored significantly lower on this measure and on measures of unit support and postdeployment social support. A hierarchical regression analysis in the full sample suggested that Resilience (specifically, increased personal control and positive acceptance of change) and postdeployment social support were negatively associated with traumatic stress and depressive symptoms, even after adjusting for demographic characteristics and combat exposure. Conclusions: These results suggest that interventions to bolster Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support may help reduce the severity of traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in OEF/OIF veterans. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support protect against traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in soldiers returning from operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom
Depression and Anxiety, 2009Co-Authors: M Robert P H H Pietrzak, Douglas C Johnson, Marc B Goldstein, James C Malley, M Steven M D SouthwickAbstract:Background: A number of studies have examined the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and related psychiatric conditions in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), but none have examined whether factors such as Psychological Resilience and social support may protect against these conditions in this population. Methods: A total of 272 predominantly older reserve/National Guard OEF/OIF veterans completed a mail survey assessing traumatic stress and depressive symptoms, Resilience, and social support. Results: Resilience scores in the full sample were comparable to those observed in civilian outpatient primary-care patients. Respondents with PTSD, however, scored significantly lower on this measure and on measures of unit support and postdeployment social support. A hierarchical regression analysis in the full sample suggested that Resilience (specifically, increased personal control and positive acceptance of change) and postdeployment social support were negatively associated with traumatic stress and depressive symptoms, even after adjusting for demographic characteristics and combat exposure. Conclusions: These results suggest that interventions to bolster Psychological Resilience and postdeployment social support may help reduce the severity of traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in OEF/OIF veterans. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
