The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Scott E Geller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychological Science conservation and environmental sustainability
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Susan Clayton, Carla A Litchfield, Scott E GellerAbstract:Because environmental degradation has the potential to negatively affect mental and social well-being, environmental sustainability is highly relevant to psychologists, who have a tradition of interventions designed to change behavior. Although many psychologists are already using Psychological knowledge and tools to protect environmental resources, their efforts are neither widely known nor extensively utilized in applied conservation settings. Here, we describe some barriers to effective conservation interventions adopted by psychologists and conservation professionals alike, and provide suggestions to both disciplines for more productive engagement. We also present an illustrative example of Psychological Science applied to promote environmental conservation in a zoological park setting. Our aim is to raise awareness of the possibilities for such collaboration and to urge conservation professionals and psychologists to work together in order to proactively address pressing environmental challenges.
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Psychological Science and safety large scale success at preventing occupational injuries and fatalities
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2011Co-Authors: Scott E GellerAbstract:The traditional fault-finding enforcement approach toward addressing the human dynamics of injury prevention is contrasted with behavior-based safety, which is based on applied behavior analysis. Behavior-based safety is flourishing worldwide and having measurable success, because it activates interdependent engagement of employees in identifying hazardous conditions and risky behaviors and designing interventions to reduce them, and increase the frequency of safe behaviors. People-based safety, which evolved from behavior-based safety, adds cognition (or self-talk), perception, and person states to behavior-based safety and has been developed for application in health care and industrial settings. With more widespread and long-term adoption of this application of Psychological Science, more injuries and fatalities from vehicle collisions, medical errors, and monumental disasters like the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill will be prevented.
Daniel Lakens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an open large scale collaborative effort to estimate the reproducibility of Psychological Science
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2012Co-Authors: Daniel LakensAbstract:Reproducibility is a defining feature of Science. However, because of strong incentives for innovation and weak incentives for confirmation, direct replication is rarely practiced or published. The Reproducibility Project is an open, large-scale, collaborative effort to systematically examine the rate and predictors of reproducibility in Psychological Science. So far, 72 volunteer researchers from 41 institutions have organized to openly and transparently replicate studies published in three prominent Psychological journals in 2008. Multiple methods will be used to evaluate the findings, calculate an empirical rate of replication, and investigate factors that predict reproducibility. Whatever the result, a better understanding of reproducibility will ultimately improve confidence in scientific methodology and findings.
Joanne Davila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mental health and clinical Psychological Science in the time of covid 19 challenges opportunities and a call to action
American Psychologist, 2020Co-Authors: June Gruber, Mitchell J Prinstein, Lee Anna Clark, Jonathan Rottenberg, Jonathan S Abramowitz, Anne Marie Albano, Amelia Aldao, Jessica L Borelli, Tammy Chung, Joanne DavilaAbstract:COVID-19 presents significant social, economic, and medical challenges. Because COVID-19 has already begun to precipitate huge increases in mental health problems, clinical Psychological Science must assert a leadership role in guiding a national response to this secondary crisis. In this article, COVID-19 is conceptualized as a unique, compounding, multidimensional stressor that will create a vast need for intervention and necessitate new paradigms for mental health service delivery and training. Urgent challenge areas across developmental periods are discussed, followed by a review of Psychological symptoms that likely will increase in prevalence and require innovative solutions in both Science and practice. Implications for new research directions, clinical approaches, and policy issues are discussed to highlight the opportunities for clinical Psychological Science to emerge as an updated, contemporary field capable of addressing the burden of mental illness and distress in the wake of COVID-19 and beyond. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Soutrik Mandal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on the reproducibility of Psychological Science
Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2017Co-Authors: Vale E Johnso, Richard D Payne, Tianying Wang, Ale Ashe, Soutrik MandalAbstract:Investigators from a large consortium of scientists recently performed a multi-year study in which they replicated 100 psychology experiments. Although statistically significant results were reported in 97% of the original studies, statistical significance was achieved in only 36% of the replicated studies. This article presents a reanalysis of these data based on a formal statistical model that accounts for publication bias by treating outcomes from unpublished studies as missing data, while simultaneously estimating the distribution of effect sizes for those studies that tested nonnull effects. The resulting model suggests that more than 90% of tests performed in eligible psychology experiments tested negligible effects, and that publication biases based on p-values caused the observed rates of nonreproducibility. The results of this reanalysis provide a compelling argument for both increasing the threshold required for declaring scientific discoveries and for adopting statistical summaries of evidence that account for the high proportion of tested hypotheses that are false. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
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on the reproducibility of Psychological Science
Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2017Co-Authors: Valen E Johnson, Richard D Payne, Tianying Wang, Alex Asher, Soutrik MandalAbstract:ABSTRACTInvestigators from a large consortium of scientists recently performed a multi-year study in which they replicated 100 psychology experiments. Although statistically significant results were reported in 97% of the original studies, statistical significance was achieved in only 36% of the replicated studies. This article presents a reanalysis of these data based on a formal statistical model that accounts for publication bias by treating outcomes from unpublished studies as missing data, while simultaneously estimating the distribution of effect sizes for those studies that tested nonnull effects. The resulting model suggests that more than 90% of tests performed in eligible psychology experiments tested negligible effects, and that publication biases based on p-values caused the observed rates of nonreproducibility. The results of this reanalysis provide a compelling argument for both increasing the threshold required for declaring scientific discoveries and for adopting statistical summaries of e...
Samuel D Gosling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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small effects the indispensable foundation for a cumulative Psychological Science
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2021Co-Authors: Friedrich M Gotz, Samuel D Gosling, Peter J RentfrowAbstract:We draw on genetics research to argue that complex Psychological phenomena are most likely determined by a multitude of causes and that any individual cause is likely to have only a small effect. Building on this, we highlight the dangers of a publication culture that continues to demand large effects. First, it rewards inflated effects that are unlikely to be real and encourages practices likely to yield such effects. Second, it overlooks the small effects that are most likely to be real, hindering attempts to identify and understand the actual determinants of complex Psychological phenomena. We then explain the theoretical and practical relevance of small effects, which can have substantial consequences, especially when considered at scale and over time. Finally, we suggest ways in which scholars can harness these insights to advance research and practices in psychology (i.e., leveraging the power of big data, machine learning, and crowdsourcing Science; promoting rigorous preregistration, including prespecifying the smallest effect size of interest; contextualizing effects; changing cultural norms to reward accurate and meaningful effects rather than exaggerated and unreliable effects). Only once small effects are accepted as the norm, rather than the exception, can a reliable and reproducible cumulative Psychological Science be built.
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using smartphones to collect behavioral data in Psychological Science opportunities practical considerations and challenges
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2016Co-Authors: Gabriella M Harari, Samuel D Gosling, Nicholas D Lane, Rui Wang, Benjamin S Crosier, Andrew T CampbellAbstract:Smartphones now offer the promise of collecting behavioral data unobtrusively, in situ, as it unfolds in the course of daily life. Data can be collected from the onboard sensors and other phone logs embedded in today's off-the-shelf smartphone devices. These data permit fine-grained, continuous collection of people's social interactions (e.g., speaking rates in conversation, size of social groups, calls, and text messages), daily activities (e.g., physical activity and sleep), and mobility patterns (e.g., frequency and duration of time spent at various locations). In this article, we have drawn on the lessons from the first wave of smartphone-sensing research to highlight areas of opportunity for Psychological research, present practical considerations for designing smartphone studies, and discuss the ongoing methodological and ethical challenges associated with research in this domain. It is our hope that these practical guidelines will facilitate the use of smartphones as a behavioral observation tool in Psychological Science.
