The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Stephen M. Stahl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biological Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology
Psychobiology of Behaviour, 2019Co-Authors: Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Ioannis Nimatoudis, Stephen M. StahlAbstract:Biological psychiatry is the part of psychiatry which investigates and considers mental disorders in a neurobiological perspective by reducing them to neurochemical phenomena. Psychopharmacology complements biological psychiatry by providing pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of mental disorders. The chapter describes the basic biological models of mental disorders as well as the basic principles of Psychopharmacology and the basic classes of medications.
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comprar stahl s essential Psychopharmacology neuroscientific basis and practical applications stephen m stahl 9780521857024 cambridge university press
2008Co-Authors: Stephen M. StahlAbstract:Tienda online donde Comprar Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology. Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications al precio 98,98 € de Stephen M. Stahl, tienda de Libros de Medicina, Libros de Psiquiatria - Psicofarmacologia
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Overview of trends in modern Psychopharmacology.
Cns Spectrums, 2007Co-Authors: Stephen M. StahlAbstract:Beginning this month, CNS Spectrums will publish this column, “Trends in Psychopharmacology,” on a bi-monthly basis. Developments in Psychopharmacology are proceeding at a fast pace, and this column will cover important and emerging areas from the field in a format that will be brief, and hopefully understandable. Topics will include what is new, “hot,” controversial, or informative in the field, and, of course, suggestions for future columns are always welcome.
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Psychopharmacology of antidepressants
1997Co-Authors: Stephen M. StahlAbstract:1. Monoamine Hypothesis of Depression 2. Three Key Neurotransmitter Systems 3. Classical Antidepressants: MAO Inhibitors and Tricyclic Antidepressants 4. The Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitors 5. Other Neurotransmitter Mechanisms 6. Antidepressant Summary 7. Antidepressant Combinations and Augmentation Strategies for Difficult Cases 8. Cytochrome P450 and Antidepressant Drug Interactions
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essential Psychopharmacology neuroscientific basis and practical applications
1996Co-Authors: Stephen M. StahlAbstract:Preface 1. Principles of chemical neurotransmission 2. Receptors and enzymes as the targets of drug action 3. Special properties of receptors 4. Chemical neurotransmission as the mediator of disease actions 5. Depression and bipolar disorders 6. Classical antidepressants, serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors 7. Newer antidepressants and mood stabilizers 8. Anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics 9. Drug treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder and phobic disorders 10. Psychosis and schizophrenia 11. Antipsychotic agents 12. Cognitive enhancers 13. Psychopharmacology of reward and drugs of abuse 14. Gender and sexual Psychopharmacology References Index.
Stephen R Marder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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history of Psychopharmacology
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Joel T Braslow, Stephen R MarderAbstract:We live in an age of Psychopharmacology. One in six persons currently takes a psychotropic drug. These drugs have profoundly shaped our scientific and cultural understanding of psychiatric disease. By way of a historical review, we try to make sense of psychiatry's dependency on psychiatric drugs in the care of patients. Modern Psychopharmacology began in 1950 with the synthesis of chlorpromazine. Over the course of the next 50 years, the psychiatric understanding and treatment of mental illness radically changed. Psychotropic drugs played a major part in these changes as state hospitals closed and psychotherapy gave way to drug prescriptions. Our review suggests that the success of Psychopharmacology was not the consequence of increasingly more effective drugs for discrete psychiatric diseases. Instead, a complex mix of political economic realities, pharmaceutical marketing, basic science advances, and changes in the mental health-care system have led to our current infatuation with Psychopharmacology.
Nassir S Ghaemi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toward a hippocratic Psychopharmacology
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Nassir S GhaemiAbstract:Objective: To provide a conceptual basis for Psychopharmacology. Method: This review compares contemporary Psychopharmacology practice with the Hippocratic tradition of medicine by examining the original Hippocratic corpus and modern interpretations (by William Osler and Oliver Wendell Holmes). Results: The Hippocratic philosophy is that only some, not all, diseases should be treated and, even then, treatments should enhance the natural healing process, not serve as artificial cures. Hippocratic ethics follow from this philosophy of disease and treatment. Two rules for Hippocratic medicine are derived from the teachings of Osler (treat diseases, not symptoms) and Holmes (medications are guilty until proven innocent). The concept of a diagnostic hierarchy is also stated explicitly: Not all diseases are created equal. This idea helps to avoid mistaking symptoms for diseases and to avoid excessive diagnosis of comorbidities. Current Psychopharmacology is aggressive and non-Hippocratic: symptom-based, rather than disease oriented; underemphasizing drug risks; and prone to turning symptoms into diagnoses. These views are applied to bipolar disorder. Conclusions: Contemporary Psychopharmacology is non-Hippocratic. A proposal for moving in the direction of a Hippocratic Psychopharmacology is provided. Can J Psychiatry 2008;53(3): 189-196 Information on funding and support and author affiliations appears at the end of the article Clinical Implications * Three clinical implications are: treat diseases, not symptoms; medications are guilty until proven innocent (the presumption is against their use unless there is strong reason to use them) and diagnoses are not created equal (use the concept of a diagnostic hierarchy to avoid making symptoms into diagnoses, and to avoid excessively diagnosing comorbidities). Limitations * This paper was a conceptual review, not a data-based systematic review of evidence; some relevant evidence was likely omitted. * The assessment of Hippocratic concepts is based on a limited interpretive review; other interpretations are possible. * Discussions of current Psychopharmacology practice might be more specific to North America than other regions or countries. Key Words: Psychopharmacology, Hippocratic, ethics, bipolar disorder, diagnostic hierarchy, William Osler, Oliver Wendell Holmes, philosophy Abbreviations used in this article AD antidepressant ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder BD bipolar disorder BPD borderline personality disorder ECT electroconvulsive therapy Psychiatrists prescribe drugs frequently. Do we have reason for concern? My view is that contemporary psychiatric practice far exceeds its scientific evidence base, with overuse of psychotropic medications, contrary to the Hippocratic tradition. I do not argue that psychotropic medications should be avoided or simply prescribed less frequently, but rather they should be used within a consciously Hippocratic philosophy. The best rationale for Psychopharmacology-when to prescribe, when not to prescribe, and what to prescribe-is to be found in a rediscovery of the Hippocratic approach to diagnosis and treatment. Context In the United States, psychiatrists prescribe medications to 82% of their patients.1 From 1987 to 1997, the use of ADs for depression doubled from 37% to 74%. Psychotherapy for such patients decreased slightly from 71% to 60%.2 Between 1987 and 1999, the use of ADs for anxiety disorders also increased from 18% to 44%.3 Anxiolytic medications are also commonly prescribed, yet in 47% of cases, independent researchers could not identify diagnosis-based indications for such anxiolytics.4 In general, psychotherapy treatment has not decreased in frequency (3.2/100 individuals in 1987, compared with 3.6/100 in 1997). However, psychotherapy alone is much less frequent (concomitant AD use increased from 14% in persons receiving psychotherapy in 1987 to 49% in 1997). …
Benedetto Vitiello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unmet needs in paediatric Psychopharmacology present scenario and future perspectives
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015Co-Authors: Antonio M Persico, Benedetto Vitiello, Celso Arango, Jan K Buitelaar, Christoph U Correll, Jeffrey C Glennon, Pieter J Hoekstra, Carmen Moreno, Jacob A S Vorstman, Alessandro ZuddasAbstract:Paediatric Psychopharmacology holds great promise in two equally important areas of enormous biomedical and social impact, namely the treatment of behavioural abnormalities in children and adolescents, and the prevention of psychiatric disorders with adolescent- or adult-onset. Yet, in striking contrast, pharmacological treatment options presently available in child and adolescent psychiatry are dramatically limited. The most important currently unmet needs in paediatric Psychopharmacology are: the frequent off-label prescription of medications to children and adolescents based exclusively on data from randomized controlled studies involving adult patients; the frequent lack of age-specific dose, long-term efficacy and tolerability/safety data; the lack of effective medications for many paediatric psychiatric disorders, most critically autism spectrum disorder; the scarcity and limitations of randomized placebo-controlled trials in paediatric Psychopharmacology; the unexplored potential for the prevention of psychiatric disorders with adolescent- and adult-onset; the current lack of biomarkers to predict treatment response and severe adverse effects; the need for better preclinical data to foster the successful development of novel drug therapies; and the effective dissemination of evidence-based treatments to the general public, to better inform patients and families of the benefits and risks of pharmacological interventions during development. Priorities and strategies are proposed to overcome some of these limitations, including the European Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychopharmacology Network, as an overarching Pan-European infrastructure aimed at reliably carrying out much needed psychopharmacological trials in children and adolescents, in order to fill the identified gaps and improve overall outcomes.
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Handbook of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology - Handbook of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology
2006Co-Authors: Benedetto Vitiello, Gabriele Masi, Donatella MarazzitiAbstract:Handbook of child and adolescent Psychopharmacology / , Handbook of child and adolescent Psychopharmacology / , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
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review of safety assessment methods used in pediatric Psychopharmacology
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Laurence L. Greenhill, Benedetto Vitiello, Mark A Riddle, Prudence W Fisher, Erin Shockey, John S March, Jerome Levine, Jane Fried, Howard Abikoff, Julie M ZitoAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Elicitation is an essential and critical step in ascertaining adverse events (AEs). This report reviews elicitation methods used in published clinical trials of psychopharmacological agents in children. METHOD: Pediatric Psychopharmacology reports were reviewed for safety methods in the Medline database. Studies were included if they were published 1980 or later, provided data on AEs, and described the ascertainment methodology used for determining them. RESULTS: A review of 196 pediatric Psychopharmacology articles depicting safety assessments in clinical studies over the past 22 years revealed that there was no common method used for eliciting or reporting AE data. CONCLUSION: The current inconsistency in safety data ascertainment is a major limitation that likely impairs the ability to promptly and accurately identify drug-induced AEs. Research on how best to standardize safety methods should be considered a priority in pediatric Psychopharmacology.
Alessandro Zuddas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unmet needs in paediatric Psychopharmacology present scenario and future perspectives
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015Co-Authors: Antonio M Persico, Benedetto Vitiello, Celso Arango, Jan K Buitelaar, Christoph U Correll, Jeffrey C Glennon, Pieter J Hoekstra, Carmen Moreno, Jacob A S Vorstman, Alessandro ZuddasAbstract:Paediatric Psychopharmacology holds great promise in two equally important areas of enormous biomedical and social impact, namely the treatment of behavioural abnormalities in children and adolescents, and the prevention of psychiatric disorders with adolescent- or adult-onset. Yet, in striking contrast, pharmacological treatment options presently available in child and adolescent psychiatry are dramatically limited. The most important currently unmet needs in paediatric Psychopharmacology are: the frequent off-label prescription of medications to children and adolescents based exclusively on data from randomized controlled studies involving adult patients; the frequent lack of age-specific dose, long-term efficacy and tolerability/safety data; the lack of effective medications for many paediatric psychiatric disorders, most critically autism spectrum disorder; the scarcity and limitations of randomized placebo-controlled trials in paediatric Psychopharmacology; the unexplored potential for the prevention of psychiatric disorders with adolescent- and adult-onset; the current lack of biomarkers to predict treatment response and severe adverse effects; the need for better preclinical data to foster the successful development of novel drug therapies; and the effective dissemination of evidence-based treatments to the general public, to better inform patients and families of the benefits and risks of pharmacological interventions during development. Priorities and strategies are proposed to overcome some of these limitations, including the European Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychopharmacology Network, as an overarching Pan-European infrastructure aimed at reliably carrying out much needed psychopharmacological trials in children and adolescents, in order to fill the identified gaps and improve overall outcomes.