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Michael A Murphy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cognitive hypnotherapy in Psychosomatic Illness a cognitive experiential perspective
Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1994Co-Authors: Donald J Tosi, Michael A MurphyAbstract:This paper examines the role of cognitive factors in Psychosomatic Illness and their modification through cognitive hypnotherapy. The use of cognitive experiential therapy (GET) with essential hypertension is highlighted. Research and technique are elaborated. The mind-body issue will not be debated or resolved in this paper. Heinz R. Pagels (1988) in The Dreams of Reason suggests "the distinction between mind and body will disappear with the new development of the new sciences of complexity and the categories of thought that development entails" (p. 15). The intent here is twofold: first, to shed some light on the role of the cognitive process and hypnosis in Psychosomatic Illness and, second, to examine the impact of a cognitive experiential therapy (GET) that integrates hypnosis and cognitive restructuring on various Psychosomatic Illnesses, in particular, essential hypertension. Situational, Cognitive, Emotional, and Biochemical Factors in Psychosomatic Illness The link between cognition and emotion has been relatively established (Arnold, 1960; Ekman, 1984; Lazarus, 1991; Leventhal, 1984; Strongman, 1987). Prolonged negative emotional states can have an adverse impact on health and must be understood in terms of person-environment relationships (Weiner, 1982). Weiner (1989) conceives of the human organism as an "intricate communication system of information exchange which regulates its own behavior and that of its components." The brain responds selectively and in toto to internal and external signals that preserve or enhance the organism (danger, threat, hunger, sleep, relaxation). The importance of ego-involvement, a cognitive process, in distinguishing self-destructive and self-enhancing emotions such as anger, guilt, and shame as well as the preservation of one's ego identity has been recognized (Lazarus, 1991; Tosi, Rudy, Lewis, & Murphy, in press). Predisposition and genetics do not suffice to explain the onset of Illness. According to Weiner (1989), the conditions that initiate Illness may be quite different from those that predispose them. Social psychological factors, especially those commonly involved in bereavement or separation, are associated with the onset of disease (i.e., loss, depression, anxiety, and helplessness). The social environment and how it is cognitively appraised are powerful determinants of psychophysiological and brain behavior-relationships (Cacioppo, Bernston, & Anderson, 1991; Cacioppo & Tassinary, 1990). Steptoe and Johnson (1991) found that cognitive changes to situational stressors are more therapeutic than direct modification of autonomic processes that regulate cardiovascular activity. Forman, Tosi, and Rudy (1987) reported that individuals medically diagnosed as having low back pain, peptic ulcer, and migraine headache exhibited more irrationality than a medical control group. The Psychosomatic groups exhibited higher levels of perfectionism, blameproneness, and self-downing-what Ellis (1974) termed "the main attitude core of human disturbance." The findings, however, were qualified by age and socioeconomic status. The ulcer group was of a higher socioeconomic status than the low back pain group. The migraine group was significantly younger than the ulcer group and of higher socioeconomic status than the low back pain group. Significant relationships between irrationality (measured by Bessai's Common Belief Survey III) emotional, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral responses were observed in an essential hypertensive group (N = 73) (Tosi, Rudy, Lewis, and Murphy, in press). Irrationality was positively correlated with suppressed anger (r = 26), pulse rate (r = .36), triglycerides (r = .27), and systolic blood pressure (r = .22). Negative correlations were observed between irrationality and expression of aggression (r = -.31) (interpreted as inappropriate expression of aggression) and anxiety (r = -.21), (interpreted as denied anxiety). …
Beth C Bock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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psychological treatments for noncardiac chest pain recommendations for a new approach
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2004Co-Authors: Jeanne L Esler, Beth C BockAbstract:Objective: Our objective is to describe the current state of treatment for NCCP, identify barriers to treatment and limitations of current approaches, and to recommend treatment strategies, which may address these challenges. Methods: We describe the underlying rationale for treating NCCP and review the current literature concerning NCCP treatments and other brief approaches to outpatient treatment for Psychosomatic Illness. Results: Most treatments for NCCP have been based on the Attribution Model. Although effective, these treatments are appropriate and acceptable to only a small minority of NCCP patients. The Biopsychosocial Model has been used to treat Psychosomatic conditions in outpatient groups and may overcome or avoid many of the limitations inherent in current treatment strategies for NCCP. Conclusions: We recommend an intervention for NCCP that is brief, would be delivered in the emergency department setting (to take advantage of the Teachable Moment), and which is based on the Biopsychosocial Model.
Donald J Tosi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cognitive hypnotherapy in Psychosomatic Illness a cognitive experiential perspective
Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1994Co-Authors: Donald J Tosi, Michael A MurphyAbstract:This paper examines the role of cognitive factors in Psychosomatic Illness and their modification through cognitive hypnotherapy. The use of cognitive experiential therapy (GET) with essential hypertension is highlighted. Research and technique are elaborated. The mind-body issue will not be debated or resolved in this paper. Heinz R. Pagels (1988) in The Dreams of Reason suggests "the distinction between mind and body will disappear with the new development of the new sciences of complexity and the categories of thought that development entails" (p. 15). The intent here is twofold: first, to shed some light on the role of the cognitive process and hypnosis in Psychosomatic Illness and, second, to examine the impact of a cognitive experiential therapy (GET) that integrates hypnosis and cognitive restructuring on various Psychosomatic Illnesses, in particular, essential hypertension. Situational, Cognitive, Emotional, and Biochemical Factors in Psychosomatic Illness The link between cognition and emotion has been relatively established (Arnold, 1960; Ekman, 1984; Lazarus, 1991; Leventhal, 1984; Strongman, 1987). Prolonged negative emotional states can have an adverse impact on health and must be understood in terms of person-environment relationships (Weiner, 1982). Weiner (1989) conceives of the human organism as an "intricate communication system of information exchange which regulates its own behavior and that of its components." The brain responds selectively and in toto to internal and external signals that preserve or enhance the organism (danger, threat, hunger, sleep, relaxation). The importance of ego-involvement, a cognitive process, in distinguishing self-destructive and self-enhancing emotions such as anger, guilt, and shame as well as the preservation of one's ego identity has been recognized (Lazarus, 1991; Tosi, Rudy, Lewis, & Murphy, in press). Predisposition and genetics do not suffice to explain the onset of Illness. According to Weiner (1989), the conditions that initiate Illness may be quite different from those that predispose them. Social psychological factors, especially those commonly involved in bereavement or separation, are associated with the onset of disease (i.e., loss, depression, anxiety, and helplessness). The social environment and how it is cognitively appraised are powerful determinants of psychophysiological and brain behavior-relationships (Cacioppo, Bernston, & Anderson, 1991; Cacioppo & Tassinary, 1990). Steptoe and Johnson (1991) found that cognitive changes to situational stressors are more therapeutic than direct modification of autonomic processes that regulate cardiovascular activity. Forman, Tosi, and Rudy (1987) reported that individuals medically diagnosed as having low back pain, peptic ulcer, and migraine headache exhibited more irrationality than a medical control group. The Psychosomatic groups exhibited higher levels of perfectionism, blameproneness, and self-downing-what Ellis (1974) termed "the main attitude core of human disturbance." The findings, however, were qualified by age and socioeconomic status. The ulcer group was of a higher socioeconomic status than the low back pain group. The migraine group was significantly younger than the ulcer group and of higher socioeconomic status than the low back pain group. Significant relationships between irrationality (measured by Bessai's Common Belief Survey III) emotional, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral responses were observed in an essential hypertensive group (N = 73) (Tosi, Rudy, Lewis, and Murphy, in press). Irrationality was positively correlated with suppressed anger (r = 26), pulse rate (r = .36), triglycerides (r = .27), and systolic blood pressure (r = .22). Negative correlations were observed between irrationality and expression of aggression (r = -.31) (interpreted as inappropriate expression of aggression) and anxiety (r = -.21), (interpreted as denied anxiety). …
Jeanne L Esler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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psychological treatments for noncardiac chest pain recommendations for a new approach
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2004Co-Authors: Jeanne L Esler, Beth C BockAbstract:Objective: Our objective is to describe the current state of treatment for NCCP, identify barriers to treatment and limitations of current approaches, and to recommend treatment strategies, which may address these challenges. Methods: We describe the underlying rationale for treating NCCP and review the current literature concerning NCCP treatments and other brief approaches to outpatient treatment for Psychosomatic Illness. Results: Most treatments for NCCP have been based on the Attribution Model. Although effective, these treatments are appropriate and acceptable to only a small minority of NCCP patients. The Biopsychosocial Model has been used to treat Psychosomatic conditions in outpatient groups and may overcome or avoid many of the limitations inherent in current treatment strategies for NCCP. Conclusions: We recommend an intervention for NCCP that is brief, would be delivered in the emergency department setting (to take advantage of the Teachable Moment), and which is based on the Biopsychosocial Model.
Karen Gubb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychosomatics today a review of contemporary theory and practice
Psychoanalytic Review The, 2013Co-Authors: Karen GubbAbstract:In the past few years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of psychoanalytic publications on the topic of Psychosomatic Illness, including edited collections and special editions of psychoanalytic journals. This paper is a critical conceptual review of the topic of Psychosomatic Illness using the material contained in a number of these recent publications as a basis, but also drawing on other works by the key authors of the publications discussed herein. This paper proposes that currently there appear to be two schools of thought around the origin, development, and treatment of Psychosomatic symptoms. The first of these is the well-established "Paris School of Psychosomatics." The second approach does not formally exist, but is referred to in this paper as the "Attachment approach" since there are a number of authors who theorize about the treatment of Psychosomatic symptoms in a similar and important way. The paper will compare and contrast the two approaches with respect to their underlying theories, treatment approaches, and conceptualization of the mind-body problem, with particular attention paid to how this is related to mentalization. The understanding of how problems in mentalization may be linked to Psychosomatic Illness can be conceptualized as the "speechless mind" from the perspective of the Paris School and as the "speaking body" by the Attachment approach. The paper concludes by engaging with these two conceptualizations and suggests that in order for an individual to achieve both psychological and physical health, the work of sensation must be located primarily in the logic and function of the body, while the work of making sense of these sensations and interpreting them must be located in the mind.