The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Uce P Daggy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of Psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: James W Anderso, Lisa D Allgood, Ja Turne, Pete R Oeltge, Uce P DaggyAbstract:Background: Water-soluble dietary fibers decrease postprandial glucose concentrations and decrease serum cholesterol concentrations. This study examined the effects of administering Psyllium to men with type 2 diabetes. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Psyllium husk fiber used adjunctively to a traditional diet for diabetes in the treatment of men with type 2 diabetes and mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia. Design: After a 2-wk dietary stabilization phase, 34 men with type 2 diabetes and mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomly assigned to receive 5.1 g Psyllium or cellulose placebo twice daily for 8 wk. Serum lipid and glycemic indexes were evaluated biweekly on an outpatient basis and at weeks 0 and 8 in a metabolic ward. Results: In the metabolic ward, the Psyllium group showed significant improvements in glucose and lipid values compared with the placebo group. Serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 8.9% (P < 0.05) and 13.0% (P = 0.07) lower, respectively, in the Psyllium than in the placebo group. All-day and postlunch postprandial glucose concentrations were 11.0% (P < 0.05) and 19.2% (P < 0.01) lower in the Psyllium than in the placebo group. Both products were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events related to treatment reported in either group. Conclusion: The addition of Psyllium to a traditional diet for persons with diabetes is safe, is well tolerated, and improves glycemic and lipid control in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
-
Psyllium augments the cholesterol lowering action of cholestyramine in hamsters by enhancing sterol loss from the liver
Gastroenterology, 1994Co-Authors: Stephen D. Turley, Uce P Daggy, John M. DietschyAbstract:Abstract Background/Aims: Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid is a nonabsorbable soluble fiber that lowers plasma cholesterol levels in several species, including humans. However, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, using a hamster model, experiments were performed to determine whether Psyllium given alone or in combination with a submaximal dose of cholestyramine blocks intestinal cholesterol absorption. Methods: The efficiency of cholesterol absorption and concentrations of plasma and hepatic total cholesterol were measured in male hamsters fed a cholesterol-enriched chow diet (0.1%) that contained either avicel (cellulose) (7.5%), surfomer (3%), cholestyramine (1% or 3%), or Psyllium (7.5%) as single agents or a fixed level of cholestyramine (1%) combined with variable levels of Psyllium (2%, 4%, 6%, or 8%). Results: Psyllium, cholestyramine, and surfomer, when given alone, markedly lowered plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations. Surfomer, and cholestyramine at the higher dose (3%), blocked cholesterol absorption by 54% and 75%, respectively, whereas Psyllium had no effect. Combining Psyllium with a submaximal dose of cholestyramine augmented the cholesterol-lowering action of the resin without effecting any marked change in the level of cholesterol absorption, except at the highest dose used. Conclusions: Psyllium, given either as a single agent or as an adjunct to treatment with cholestyramine, exerts a significant hypocholesterolemic effect by enhancing net negative sterol balance across the liver.
-
cholesterol lowering action of Psyllium mucilloid in the hamster sites and possible mechanisms of action
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 1991Co-Authors: Stephen D. Turley, Uce P Daggy, John M. DietschyAbstract:Abstract These studies were undertaken to examine and compare the metabolic effects of Psyllium mucilloid and two other nonabsorbable polymers (cholestyramine and surfomer) on sterol metabolism in the hamster. These three agents all significantly lowered the plasma total cholesterol concentration and the level of cholesterol carried in low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Rates of cholesterol synthesis were markedly increased in the livers of the Psyllium-fed animals, but not in other tissues. In contrast, cholestyramine and surfomer feeding increased both hepatic and intestinal sterol synthesis. When cholesterol and saturated triacylglycerols were added to the diet, Psyllium feeding essentially completely blocked the increase in the plasma cholesterol concentration and hepatic cholesterol content and the suppression of cholesterol synthesis. The pool of bile acid in the small intestine was increased from the control value (17.9 μmol/animal) by both Psyllium (23.0 μmol) and cholestyramine (21.9 μmol) feeding. However, this pool was readily absorbed and secreted into the bile in the Psyllium-fed animals ( 27.9 μmol 4 h ), but not in the cholestyramine-treated hamsters ( 13.0 μmol 4 h ). This was consistent with the further observation that there was no binding of bile acid by Psyllium under in vitro conditions. Thus, these findings indicate that all three polymers lower plasma cholesterol concentrations by inducing a net negative cholesterol balance across the liver. With Psyllium, this effect is presumably articulated through a reduction in cholesterol absorption, as well as an increase in the rate of degradation of cholesterol to bile acids.
Jonathan Perret - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Enzymatic modification to improve the water-absorbing and gelling properties of Psyllium
Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Jonathan Perret, Tina Parker, Kenneth G.d. AllenAbstract:Psyllium husks were treated with a commercial food-grade polysaccharidase mixture, under solid-state reaction conditions, to improve water-absorbing and gelling properties. The modified Psyllium preparations were analyzed and compared to the original Psyllium and the control, treated with no enzyme under the same reaction conditions, for their water-absorbing ability, gelling properties, fibre contents, and surface structures. The water-absorbing ability was determined by a gravimetric method, while the gelling property of the modified Psyllium was measured using a texture analyzer. The results showed that the solid-state enzymatic modification was able to significantly reduce both water-absorbing and gelling abilities of Psyllium. Compared to the control, reductions of 49% in water-absorbing ability, 71% in gel hardness, and 35% in gel adhesiveness were observed for the novel Psyllium preparation that was treated with the enzyme mixture at a level of 36 units/g Psyllium. The surface structure of the modified Psyllium was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM results showed that the enzymatic modification decreased the total surface area. This may contribute to the reduced water-absorbing ability of the modified Psyllium. This study demonstrated the potential of preparing novel Psyllium preparations, using a solid-state enzymatic method, for commercial food applications.
-
Effects of solid-state enzyme treatments on the water-absorbing and gelling properties of Psyllium
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Jonathan PerretAbstract:Psyllium husks were treated with commercial food grade enzymes under solid-state reaction conditions to improve their water-absorbing and gelling properties. The modified Psyllium preparations were analyzed and compared to the original Psyllium and the control, treated with no enzyme under the same reaction condition, for their water-absorbing ability, gelling capacity, surface structures, and fiber contents. The results showed that the solid-state enzymatic modification was able to reduce both water-absorbing and gelling abilities of Psyllium with a slight reduction in soluble fiber content. Scanning electron microscopy measurements showed that the enzymatic modification decreased the total surface area. This may contribute to the reduced water-absorbing ability of the modified Psyllium. The solid-state enzymatic procedure requires neither special equipment nor additional steps to remove moisture after inactivating the enzymes and generates no chemical waste. This study demonstrated the potential of preparing novel Psyllium preparations with improved gelling and water-absorbing properties using a solid-state enzymatic method for commercial food applications.
-
Effects of xylanase treatments on gelling and water-uptaking properties of Psyllium
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Liangli Yu, Jonathan PerretAbstract:The effects of a commercial food-grade xylanase on the physicochemical properties of Psyllium were evaluated. The enzymatic reactions were conducted in solid state at ambient temperature. The enzyme-treated Psyllium preparations were analyzed and compared with the starting Psyllium for their water-uptake properties, gelling capacities, soluble and insoluble fiber contents, and surface structures. The solid-state xylanase treatment significantly reduced both water-uptake and gelling capacities of Psyllium (p < 0.01), with a slight decrease of soluble fiber content, whereas no effect on insoluble fiber content was observed. The xylanase treatment also resulted in a smoother surface structure of Psyllium particles. In addition, no special equipment and operation were required to conduct the enzymatic reaction, which generated no waste. These data indicated a potential to improve the physicochemical properties of Psyllium by use of the solid-state xylanase reactions to promote the utilization of Psyllium fiber in functional foods for promoting human health.
V Fulgoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
method of administration influences the serum cholesterol lowering effect of Psyllium
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1994Co-Authors: Thomas M S Woleve, Stefa Muelle, David J.a. Jenkins, D L Octo, Thomas P P Ransom, R Patte, E S Chao, K Mcmilla, V FulgoniAbstract:To determine whether Psyllium must be mixed with food to lower serum cholesterol, 18 modestly hypercholesterolemic subjects were studied for three 2-wk periods, in random order, separated by a 2-wk return to a National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diet. Compared with values for subjects consuming control wheat-bran cereal (63 g/d), after 2 wk of 54 g Psyllium-enriched cereal/d containing 7.3 g Psyllium, serum total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, respectively, were reduced by 8% (6.15 +/- 0.15 vs 6.71 +/- 0.19 mmol/L, P < 0.01), 11% (4.24 +/- 0.15 vs 4.78 +/- 0.19 mmol/L, P < 0.02), and 7% (0.99 +/- 0.05 vs 1.07 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, P < 0.01). When 7.6 g of the same type of Psyllium as in the test cereal was taken between meals, serum total (6.50 +/- 0.19 mmol/L), LDL (4.50 +/- 0.21 mmol/L), and HDL (1.06 +/- 0.06 mmol/L) cholesterol were no different from control values, and total cholesterol was greater than after Psyllium cereal (P < 0.05). We conclude that Psyllium must be mixed with foods to have the maximum effect on serum cholesterol.
-
Method of administration influences the serum cholesterol–lowering effect of Psyllium
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1994Co-Authors: Thomas M. S. Wolever, David J.a. Jenkins, Thomas P P Ransom, E S Chao, S. Mueller, D L Boctor, R Patten, K Mcmillan, V FulgoniAbstract:To determine whether Psyllium must be mixed with food to lower serum cholesterol, 18 modestly hypercholesterolemic subjects were studied for three 2-wk periods, in random order, separated by a 2-wk return to a National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diet. Compared with values for subjects consuming control wheat-bran cereal (63 g/d), after 2 wk of 54 g Psyllium-enriched cereal/d containing 7.3 g Psyllium, serum total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, respectively, were reduced by 8% (6.15 +/- 0.15 vs 6.71 +/- 0.19 mmol/L, P < 0.01), 11% (4.24 +/- 0.15 vs 4.78 +/- 0.19 mmol/L, P < 0.02), and 7% (0.99 +/- 0.05 vs 1.07 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, P < 0.01). When 7.6 g of the same type of Psyllium as in the test cereal was taken between meals, serum total (6.50 +/- 0.19 mmol/L), LDL (4.50 +/- 0.21 mmol/L), and HDL (1.06 +/- 0.06 mmol/L) cholesterol were no different from control values, and total cholesterol was greater than after Psyllium cereal (P < 0.05). We conclude that Psyllium must be mixed with foods to have the maximum effect on serum cholesterol.
-
DOSE RESPONSE TO SOLUBLE FIBER FROM Psyllium IN CHOLESTEROL LOWERING IN THE HAMSTER
Nutrition Research, 1993Co-Authors: E S Chao, Gary Kakis, Shirley Chen, W. Lawrence Bryson, V FulgoniAbstract:Abstract Dose response in serum and liver lipids to graded levels of soluble fiber primarily from Psyllium was studied in five groups of hamsters fed diets supplemented with 0.125% cholesterol and 1.1%, 2.1%, 3.3%, and 4.3% Psyllium soluble fiber for three weeks. Compared to the control group fed AACC soft white wheat bran only, all Psyllium-fed groups had significant reduction in serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol (p
Johnson W Mcrorie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Clinical data support that Psyllium is not fermented in the gut.
The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2013Co-Authors: Johnson W McrorieAbstract:To the Editor : I read with interest the article by Eswaran et al. ( 1 ) entitled ‘ Fiber and functional gastrointestinal disorders ’. One of the major conclusions of this comprehensive review is the importance of assessing the fermentation characteristics of each fi ber type when choosing a suitable strategy for patients. I recently completed a literature review to explore the veracity of a claim (by the marketers of methylcellulose) that fermentation of Psyllium causes excess gas while methylcellulose is the ‘ only ’ non-fermentable fi ber. Th e statement is based on in vitro data, but a literature search demonstrated that there is a signifi cant discrepancy between in vitro data and clinical experience. Psyllium, a gel-forming fi ber, can be fermented under in vitro test conditions because samples are diluted and homogenized with a highspeed mechanical blender ( 2 – 4 ). Exposure of hydrated Psyllium to the rapid shearing forces of a high-speed blender destroys the gel matrix, artifi cially rendering Psyllium fermentable by destroying the steric hindrance that physically impedes enzymatic degradation. In contrast, there are fi ve published, well-controlled clinical studies ( 5 – 9 ) that assessed the fermentation of Psyllium in vivo vs. a negative control (placebo), a positive control (lactulose) and / or comparative fi bers (e.g., methylcellulose, guar gum, pectin, cellulose) using assessments of breath gas and / or fl atulence to determine degree of fermentation. All fi ve clinical studies provided congruent results: objective measures of breath gas and subjective assessments of fl atulence episodes show that Psyllium does not increase intestinal gas. On the basis of these published clinical assessments of gas production, it is reasonable to conclude that Psyllium is not fermented in the gut, and in vitro assessments of Psyllium fermentation are not predictive of human experience. Th ese data build on the conclusion of the current article ( 1 ): when fi ber is recommended for functional bowel disease, use of a ‘ viscous ’ soluble ‘ nonfermented ’ supplement, such as Psyllium, is best supported by available evidence.
-
Psyllium improves glycemic control in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus
Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, 2013Co-Authors: Mark N. Feinglos, Roger D. Gibb, David L. Ramsey, Richard S. Surwit, Johnson W McrorieAbstract:Abstract Objective This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was designed to evaluate the effects of Psyllium on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA 1c in patients being treated for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research design and methods Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatment groups: placebo, Psyllium 3.4 g BID or Psyllium 6.8 g BID (just prior to breakfast and dinner). Patients had a total of 9 clinic visits during the 20-week study period (8 weeks baseline, 12 weeks treatment). A total of 37 patients [12 females, 34 Caucasians, mean age 62 years] were enrolled (8 in the placebo group, 15 in the Psyllium 3.4 g BID group and 14 in the Psyllium 6.8 g BID group) and were included in the Intent-to-Treat analysis. Results Both doses of Psyllium significantly ( p 1c compared to placebo at Week 8 (−0.58±0.18, p =0.003), and both the 3.4 g dose and the 6.8 g dose of Psyllium significantly ( p 1c compared to placebo at Week 12 (−0.53±0.20, p =0.013; −0.65±0.20, p =0.003, respectively). Conclusions The improvement in glycemic control observed with Psyllium in T2DM patients was above that already conferred by a restricted diet (all patients) and a stable dose of a sulfonylurea (81.1% of patients). These data support that Psyllium is an effective co-therapy for improving glycemic control in patients being treated for T2DM. NCT01582282.
-
Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for treatment of chronic constipation
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1998Co-Authors: Johnson W Mcrorie, B P Daggy, J G Morel, P S Diersing, Philip B Miner, M RobinsonAbstract:Background: Stool softening is a physician’s first step in the management of chronic constipation. Aim: To compare stool softening (stool water content) and laxative efficacy of Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid vs. docusate sodium. Methods: The multi-site, randomized, double-blind, parallel-design study of 170 subjects with chronic idiopathic constipation involved a 2-week baseline (placebo) phase followed by 2 weeks of treatment. The treatment phase compared Psyllium (5.1 g b.d.) plus docusate placebo to docusate sodium (100 mg b.d.) plus Psyllium placebo. Stools were collected and assessed. Results: Compared to baseline, Psyllium increased stool water content vs. docusate (Psyllium 2.33% vs. docusate 0.01%, P = 0.007). Psyllium also increased stool water weight (Psyllium 84.0 g/BM; docusate 71.4 g/BM; P = 0.04), total stool output (Psyllium 359.9 g/week; docusate 271.9 g/week; P = 0.005), and O’Brien rank-type score combining objective measures of constipation (Psyllium 475.1; docusate 403.9; P = 0.002). Bowel movement (BM) frequency was significantly greater for Psyllium (3.5 BM/week) vs. docusate (2.9 BM/week) in treatment week 2 (P = 0.02), with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between treatment groups in treatment week 1 (3.3 vs. 3.1 BM/week). Conclusion: Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for softening stools by increasing stool water content, and has greater overall laxative efficacy in subjects with chronic idiopathic constipation.
James W Anderso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
cholesterol lowering effects of Psyllium intake adjunctive to diet therapy in men and women with hypercholesterolemia meta analysis of 8 controlled trials
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000Co-Authors: James W Anderso, Lisa D Allgood, A M Lawrence, Linda A Altringe, George R Jerdack, David A Hengehold, Jorge G MorelAbstract:Background: Soluble fibers, including those from Psyllium husk, have been shown to augment the cholesterol-lowering effects of a low-fat diet in persons with hypercholesterolemia. As evidence of this, the US Food and Drug Administration recently authorized the use of health claims on food products containing soluble fiber from Psyllium that state that they are associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease. Objective: This meta-analysis was conducted to more precisely define the hypolipidemic effects and safety of Psyllium when used adjunctive to a low-fat diet in men and women with hypercholesterolemia. Design: The 8 studies in the meta-analysis included a total of 384 and 272 subjects receiving Psyllium or cellulose placebo, respectively. All studies evaluated the hypocholesterolemic effects of 10.2 g Psyllium/d adjunctive to a low-fat diet for ≥8 wk in individuals with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia after a low-fat diet lead-in phase lasting ≥ 8 wk. The safety and adverse events associated with Psyllium consumption were summarized from pooled data of 19 clinical studies ranging from 6 wk to 6 mo in duration. Results: Consumption of 10.2 g Psyllium/d lowered serum total cholesterol by 4% (P < 0.0001), LDL cholesterol by 7% (P < 0.0001), and the ratio of apolipoprotein (apo) B to apo A-I by 6% (P < 0.05) relative to placebo in subjects already consuming a low-fat diet, with no effect on serum HDL or triacylglycerol concentrations. Conclusions: Psyllium supplementation significantly lowered serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in subjects consuming a low-fat diet. Psyllium is well tolerated and safe when used adjunctive to a low-fat diet in individuals with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia.
-
effects of Psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: James W Anderso, Lisa D Allgood, Ja Turne, Pete R Oeltge, Uce P DaggyAbstract:Background: Water-soluble dietary fibers decrease postprandial glucose concentrations and decrease serum cholesterol concentrations. This study examined the effects of administering Psyllium to men with type 2 diabetes. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Psyllium husk fiber used adjunctively to a traditional diet for diabetes in the treatment of men with type 2 diabetes and mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia. Design: After a 2-wk dietary stabilization phase, 34 men with type 2 diabetes and mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomly assigned to receive 5.1 g Psyllium or cellulose placebo twice daily for 8 wk. Serum lipid and glycemic indexes were evaluated biweekly on an outpatient basis and at weeks 0 and 8 in a metabolic ward. Results: In the metabolic ward, the Psyllium group showed significant improvements in glucose and lipid values compared with the placebo group. Serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 8.9% (P < 0.05) and 13.0% (P = 0.07) lower, respectively, in the Psyllium than in the placebo group. All-day and postlunch postprandial glucose concentrations were 11.0% (P < 0.05) and 19.2% (P < 0.01) lower in the Psyllium than in the placebo group. Both products were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events related to treatment reported in either group. Conclusion: The addition of Psyllium to a traditional diet for persons with diabetes is safe, is well tolerated, and improves glycemic and lipid control in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.