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Pakoyo Fadhiru Kamba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Expiry of Medicines in supply outlets in Uganda
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2010Co-Authors: Josephine Katabaazi Nakyanzi, Freddy Eric Kitutu, Hussein Oria, Pakoyo Fadhiru KambaAbstract:questionnaires. Local setting The study area has 19 Public Medicine outlets (three non-profit wholesalers, 16 hospital stores/pharmacies), 123 private wholesale pharmacies and 173 retail pharmacies, equivalent to about 70% of the country’s pharmaceutical businesses. Our findings indicate that Medicines prone to expiry include those used for vertical programmes, donated Medicines and those with a slow turnover. Relevant changes Awareness about the threat of expiry of Medicines to the delivery of health services has increased. We have adapted training modules to emphasize management of Medicine expiry for pharmacy students, pharmacists and other persons handling Medicines. Our work has also generated more research interest on Medicine expiry in Uganda. Lessons learned Even essential Medicines expire in the supply chain in Uganda. Sound coordination is needed between Public Medicine wholesalers and their clients to harmonize procurement and consumption as well as with vertical programmes to prevent duplicate procurement. Additionally, national Medicine regulatory authorities should enforce existing international guidelines to prevent dumping of donated Medicine. Medicine selection and quantification should be matched with consumer tastes and prescribing habits. Lean supply and stock rotation should be considered.
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Expiry of Medicines in Supply Outlets in Uganda/ Depassement De la Date De Peremption Des Medicaments Au Niveau Des Points D'approvisionnement En Ouganda/ Caducidad De Los Medicamentos En Los Puntos De Distribucion En Uganda
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2010Co-Authors: Josephine Katabaazi Nakyanzi, Freddy Eric Kitutu, Hussein Oria, Pakoyo Fadhiru KambaAbstract:Introduction In developing countries, where budgets for Medicines are often tight, the supply cycle needs to be well-managed to prevent all types of wastage, including pilferage, misuse and expiry. This wastage reduces the quantity of Medicines available to patients and therefore the quality of healthcare they receive. At least US$550 000 worth of antiretrovirals and 10 million antimalarial doses recently expired in Uganda's National Medical Stores (NMS). (1,2) The Ugandan pharmaceutical supply system comprises three non-profit wholesalers (one government medical store and two private non-profit ventures) and several private for-profit wholesale pharmacies that supply Medicines in bulk to retail units (private retail pharmacies, hospital pharmacies and drug shops). Drug shops are the smallest retail Medicine outlets, are supervised by non-pharmacist health-care professionals, and are limited to handling small amounts of over-the-counter Medicines) The expiry of Medicines highlights a problem with the supply chain, which includes Medicine selection, quantification, procurement, storage, distribution and use. (4-6) We need to find out the factors contributing to expiry at each stage of the supply cycle in order to design pragmatic strategies to reduce the problem. The main aim of this study was to find out whether Medicine expiry extends beyond Public Medicine outlets to the private for-profit sector, to assess the factors that contribute to or cause expiry and find out which Medicines are particularly prone to expiry in the supply chain in Uganda. Local setting and methods A cross-sectional survey of Medicine outlets within Kampala city and Entebbe municipality was used to investigate the extent of expiry of Medicines and the contributing factors in Uganda. This study area contains about 70% of all pharmaceutical businesses in Uganda including 19 Public outlets (three non-profit wholesalers and 16 hospital pharmacies), 123 private wholesale pharmacies and 173 retail pharmacies. (7) We aimed to sample 60 Medicine outlets, a figure determined using the Leslie Kish formula based on a margin of error of 10% and expiry rate of 21% of Medicines. (8) Non-profit wholesalers were universally sampled, with the remaining complement proportionately stratified into three hospital pharmacies, 22 private wholesales and 32 retail pharmacies. Hospital pharmacies were selected based on acceptance to participate in the study while private pharmacies were randomly chosen. We only investigated large Medicine outlets (non-profit wholesalers and private wholesale pharmacies) and medium-sized outlets (retail and hospital pharmacies) and excluded drug shops because of the small range and amounts of Medicines they are allowed to stock under Uganda's National Drug Policy. Only 38 outlets including six Public outlets (one governmental store, two nongovernmental non-profit wholesalers and three hospital pharmacies) and 32 private pharmacies (nine wholesale, 23 retail) consented, equivalent to a 63.3% response rate. We developed semi-structured questionnaires, which were then administered by an interviewer to a respondent who was familiar with each outlet's Medicine supply system (predominantly pharmacists, supplies/ stores officers and managers). Closed questions on expiry-related actions (Medicine disposal, return by customers, exchange with supplier and price reduction/donation), and an expansion of the World Health Organization's list of Medicines recommended for assessing level II pharmaceutical indicators (antiretrovirals and some slow-moving but vital Medicines added) (8,9) were used to assess the incidence of expiry of Medicines. We also included closed questions on the characteristics of Medicines that commonly expire as this may help to develop solutions for selection and inventory management. These questions included aspects on Medicine shelf life, cost, taste, donations, those that treat rare diseases, and Medicines affected by changes in treatment policy. …
Josephine Katabaazi Nakyanzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Expiry of Medicines in supply outlets in Uganda
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2010Co-Authors: Josephine Katabaazi Nakyanzi, Freddy Eric Kitutu, Hussein Oria, Pakoyo Fadhiru KambaAbstract:questionnaires. Local setting The study area has 19 Public Medicine outlets (three non-profit wholesalers, 16 hospital stores/pharmacies), 123 private wholesale pharmacies and 173 retail pharmacies, equivalent to about 70% of the country’s pharmaceutical businesses. Our findings indicate that Medicines prone to expiry include those used for vertical programmes, donated Medicines and those with a slow turnover. Relevant changes Awareness about the threat of expiry of Medicines to the delivery of health services has increased. We have adapted training modules to emphasize management of Medicine expiry for pharmacy students, pharmacists and other persons handling Medicines. Our work has also generated more research interest on Medicine expiry in Uganda. Lessons learned Even essential Medicines expire in the supply chain in Uganda. Sound coordination is needed between Public Medicine wholesalers and their clients to harmonize procurement and consumption as well as with vertical programmes to prevent duplicate procurement. Additionally, national Medicine regulatory authorities should enforce existing international guidelines to prevent dumping of donated Medicine. Medicine selection and quantification should be matched with consumer tastes and prescribing habits. Lean supply and stock rotation should be considered.
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Expiry of Medicines in Supply Outlets in Uganda/ Depassement De la Date De Peremption Des Medicaments Au Niveau Des Points D'approvisionnement En Ouganda/ Caducidad De Los Medicamentos En Los Puntos De Distribucion En Uganda
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2010Co-Authors: Josephine Katabaazi Nakyanzi, Freddy Eric Kitutu, Hussein Oria, Pakoyo Fadhiru KambaAbstract:Introduction In developing countries, where budgets for Medicines are often tight, the supply cycle needs to be well-managed to prevent all types of wastage, including pilferage, misuse and expiry. This wastage reduces the quantity of Medicines available to patients and therefore the quality of healthcare they receive. At least US$550 000 worth of antiretrovirals and 10 million antimalarial doses recently expired in Uganda's National Medical Stores (NMS). (1,2) The Ugandan pharmaceutical supply system comprises three non-profit wholesalers (one government medical store and two private non-profit ventures) and several private for-profit wholesale pharmacies that supply Medicines in bulk to retail units (private retail pharmacies, hospital pharmacies and drug shops). Drug shops are the smallest retail Medicine outlets, are supervised by non-pharmacist health-care professionals, and are limited to handling small amounts of over-the-counter Medicines) The expiry of Medicines highlights a problem with the supply chain, which includes Medicine selection, quantification, procurement, storage, distribution and use. (4-6) We need to find out the factors contributing to expiry at each stage of the supply cycle in order to design pragmatic strategies to reduce the problem. The main aim of this study was to find out whether Medicine expiry extends beyond Public Medicine outlets to the private for-profit sector, to assess the factors that contribute to or cause expiry and find out which Medicines are particularly prone to expiry in the supply chain in Uganda. Local setting and methods A cross-sectional survey of Medicine outlets within Kampala city and Entebbe municipality was used to investigate the extent of expiry of Medicines and the contributing factors in Uganda. This study area contains about 70% of all pharmaceutical businesses in Uganda including 19 Public outlets (three non-profit wholesalers and 16 hospital pharmacies), 123 private wholesale pharmacies and 173 retail pharmacies. (7) We aimed to sample 60 Medicine outlets, a figure determined using the Leslie Kish formula based on a margin of error of 10% and expiry rate of 21% of Medicines. (8) Non-profit wholesalers were universally sampled, with the remaining complement proportionately stratified into three hospital pharmacies, 22 private wholesales and 32 retail pharmacies. Hospital pharmacies were selected based on acceptance to participate in the study while private pharmacies were randomly chosen. We only investigated large Medicine outlets (non-profit wholesalers and private wholesale pharmacies) and medium-sized outlets (retail and hospital pharmacies) and excluded drug shops because of the small range and amounts of Medicines they are allowed to stock under Uganda's National Drug Policy. Only 38 outlets including six Public outlets (one governmental store, two nongovernmental non-profit wholesalers and three hospital pharmacies) and 32 private pharmacies (nine wholesale, 23 retail) consented, equivalent to a 63.3% response rate. We developed semi-structured questionnaires, which were then administered by an interviewer to a respondent who was familiar with each outlet's Medicine supply system (predominantly pharmacists, supplies/ stores officers and managers). Closed questions on expiry-related actions (Medicine disposal, return by customers, exchange with supplier and price reduction/donation), and an expansion of the World Health Organization's list of Medicines recommended for assessing level II pharmaceutical indicators (antiretrovirals and some slow-moving but vital Medicines added) (8,9) were used to assess the incidence of expiry of Medicines. We also included closed questions on the characteristics of Medicines that commonly expire as this may help to develop solutions for selection and inventory management. These questions included aspects on Medicine shelf life, cost, taste, donations, those that treat rare diseases, and Medicines affected by changes in treatment policy. …
Caijun Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Effects of a New Public Medicine Procurement Policy on Medicine Price in Shaanxi Province, Western China: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.
Frontiers in pharmacology, 2019Co-Authors: Chen Chen, Shengfang Yuan, Fei Xue, Li Shi, Yu Fang, Caijun YangAbstract:Objectives To assess the effects on Medicine price - a new Public Medicine procurement policy（NPMPP） undertaken in China in 2015. Methods An interrupted time series was used to evaluate the impact of NPMPP on the prices of emergency Medicines, gynaecological Medicines and paediatric Medicines in Shaanxi Province, western China. Based on the procurement records in all the Public health institutions in Shaanxi Province, we built three regression models. The monthly average price growth rate of the three categories of Medicines was analysed covering the period 2015 to 2017. Findings Before the intervention, there was an increasing trend in the monthly average growth rate of the three categories of Medicines, but only significant in emergency Medicines and paediatric Medicines. After the introduction of NPMPP, the increasing trend was accelerated for both the emergency Medicines (coefficient = 0.114, P < 0.001) and gynaecological Medicines (coefficient = 0.078, P < 0.05). While the increasing trend for paediatric Medicines was slowed down after the intervention (coefficient = -0.024, P < 0.05). Conclusion By interrupted time series analysis, we identified a statistically significant increase in the price growth rate of emergency Medicines and gynaecological Medicines, but a statistically significant decrease in the price growth rate of paediatrics, following the introduction of NPMPP. And the impact of NPMPP on emergency Medicines was greater than that on gynaecological Medicines. To inhibit the growth trend of drug price, effective policies need to be introduced.
Economics Odessa Ukraine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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strategic management of healthcare institution development of the national medical services market
IEEE Access, 2020Co-Authors: Inesa Mikhno, Viktor Koval, Anton Ternavskyi, Economics Odessa UkraineAbstract:The article reviews the current state of the market of medical services in Europe and comparatively results with the health care system in Ukraine. The main problems of reforming the health care system of Ukraine, which is characterized by the reduction of Public health institutions, insufficient funding and an increase in the number of private clinics aimed at maximizing profits, are analyzed. On the one hand, this improves the quality of medical services, as private clinics, not having Public funding, but financed by consumers purchase expensive equipment and make decisions in market conditions, which contributes to the introduction of new methods and innovative technologies, while on the other hand private Medicine is inaccessible to the vast majority of the population of Ukraine due to the low economic status of citizens. The article considers the problem of remoteness of settlements from health care institutions and gives recommendations for further development and management of the health care system on the national market of medical services to reduce the risk of premature loss of population and improve the health of patients. The main reasons for the decline of the population of Ukraine are described and recommendations for the transition from Public to Public private Medicine are provided. It was found that it is necessary to increase funding for Public healthcare institutions and increase their total number to preserve the human potential of Ukraine. It was concluded that the strategic management of the development of the health care system should constantly monitor the effectiveness of implementation of changes, develop a flexible system of reform and control, which would take into account regional characteristics and mentality of the Ukrainian population. In order to increase the results of Public Medicine functioning and improve its availability and competitiveness, it is necessary to reorganize the system of control over the targeted use of monetary resources and develop a step-by-step strategy of Ukraine's development in all areas of the medical services market.
Freddy Eric Kitutu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Expiry of Medicines in supply outlets in Uganda
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2010Co-Authors: Josephine Katabaazi Nakyanzi, Freddy Eric Kitutu, Hussein Oria, Pakoyo Fadhiru KambaAbstract:questionnaires. Local setting The study area has 19 Public Medicine outlets (three non-profit wholesalers, 16 hospital stores/pharmacies), 123 private wholesale pharmacies and 173 retail pharmacies, equivalent to about 70% of the country’s pharmaceutical businesses. Our findings indicate that Medicines prone to expiry include those used for vertical programmes, donated Medicines and those with a slow turnover. Relevant changes Awareness about the threat of expiry of Medicines to the delivery of health services has increased. We have adapted training modules to emphasize management of Medicine expiry for pharmacy students, pharmacists and other persons handling Medicines. Our work has also generated more research interest on Medicine expiry in Uganda. Lessons learned Even essential Medicines expire in the supply chain in Uganda. Sound coordination is needed between Public Medicine wholesalers and their clients to harmonize procurement and consumption as well as with vertical programmes to prevent duplicate procurement. Additionally, national Medicine regulatory authorities should enforce existing international guidelines to prevent dumping of donated Medicine. Medicine selection and quantification should be matched with consumer tastes and prescribing habits. Lean supply and stock rotation should be considered.
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Expiry of Medicines in Supply Outlets in Uganda/ Depassement De la Date De Peremption Des Medicaments Au Niveau Des Points D'approvisionnement En Ouganda/ Caducidad De Los Medicamentos En Los Puntos De Distribucion En Uganda
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2010Co-Authors: Josephine Katabaazi Nakyanzi, Freddy Eric Kitutu, Hussein Oria, Pakoyo Fadhiru KambaAbstract:Introduction In developing countries, where budgets for Medicines are often tight, the supply cycle needs to be well-managed to prevent all types of wastage, including pilferage, misuse and expiry. This wastage reduces the quantity of Medicines available to patients and therefore the quality of healthcare they receive. At least US$550 000 worth of antiretrovirals and 10 million antimalarial doses recently expired in Uganda's National Medical Stores (NMS). (1,2) The Ugandan pharmaceutical supply system comprises three non-profit wholesalers (one government medical store and two private non-profit ventures) and several private for-profit wholesale pharmacies that supply Medicines in bulk to retail units (private retail pharmacies, hospital pharmacies and drug shops). Drug shops are the smallest retail Medicine outlets, are supervised by non-pharmacist health-care professionals, and are limited to handling small amounts of over-the-counter Medicines) The expiry of Medicines highlights a problem with the supply chain, which includes Medicine selection, quantification, procurement, storage, distribution and use. (4-6) We need to find out the factors contributing to expiry at each stage of the supply cycle in order to design pragmatic strategies to reduce the problem. The main aim of this study was to find out whether Medicine expiry extends beyond Public Medicine outlets to the private for-profit sector, to assess the factors that contribute to or cause expiry and find out which Medicines are particularly prone to expiry in the supply chain in Uganda. Local setting and methods A cross-sectional survey of Medicine outlets within Kampala city and Entebbe municipality was used to investigate the extent of expiry of Medicines and the contributing factors in Uganda. This study area contains about 70% of all pharmaceutical businesses in Uganda including 19 Public outlets (three non-profit wholesalers and 16 hospital pharmacies), 123 private wholesale pharmacies and 173 retail pharmacies. (7) We aimed to sample 60 Medicine outlets, a figure determined using the Leslie Kish formula based on a margin of error of 10% and expiry rate of 21% of Medicines. (8) Non-profit wholesalers were universally sampled, with the remaining complement proportionately stratified into three hospital pharmacies, 22 private wholesales and 32 retail pharmacies. Hospital pharmacies were selected based on acceptance to participate in the study while private pharmacies were randomly chosen. We only investigated large Medicine outlets (non-profit wholesalers and private wholesale pharmacies) and medium-sized outlets (retail and hospital pharmacies) and excluded drug shops because of the small range and amounts of Medicines they are allowed to stock under Uganda's National Drug Policy. Only 38 outlets including six Public outlets (one governmental store, two nongovernmental non-profit wholesalers and three hospital pharmacies) and 32 private pharmacies (nine wholesale, 23 retail) consented, equivalent to a 63.3% response rate. We developed semi-structured questionnaires, which were then administered by an interviewer to a respondent who was familiar with each outlet's Medicine supply system (predominantly pharmacists, supplies/ stores officers and managers). Closed questions on expiry-related actions (Medicine disposal, return by customers, exchange with supplier and price reduction/donation), and an expansion of the World Health Organization's list of Medicines recommended for assessing level II pharmaceutical indicators (antiretrovirals and some slow-moving but vital Medicines added) (8,9) were used to assess the incidence of expiry of Medicines. We also included closed questions on the characteristics of Medicines that commonly expire as this may help to develop solutions for selection and inventory management. These questions included aspects on Medicine shelf life, cost, taste, donations, those that treat rare diseases, and Medicines affected by changes in treatment policy. …
