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Martin Miranda-lange - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vegetation-wave interactions in salt marshes under storm surge conditions
Ecological Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Franziska Rupprecht, Iris Möller, Maike Paul, Matthias Kudella, Guido Wolters, Bregje K Van Wesenbeeck, Kai Jensen, Tjeerd J Bouma, Tom Spencer, Martin Miranda-langeAbstract:Vegetation-wave interactions are critical in determining the capacity of coastal salt marshes to reducewave energy (wave dissipation), enhance sedimentation and protect the shoreline from erosion. Whilevegetation-induced wave dissipation is increasingly recognized in low wave energy environments, little isknown about: (i) the effect of vegetation on wave dissipation during storms when wave heights and waterlevels are highest; and (ii) the ability of different plant species to dissipate waves and to maintain theirintegrity under storm surge conditions. Experiments undertaken in one of the world’s largest wave flumesallowed, for the first time, the study of vegetation-wave interactions at near-field scale, under waveheights ranging from 0.1–0.9 m (corresponding to orbital velocities of 2–91 cm s−1) and water depths upto 2 m, in canopies of two typical NW European salt marsh grasses: Puccinellia maritima (Puccinellia) andElymus athericus (Elymus). Results indicate that plant flexibility and height, as well as wave conditionsand water depth, play an important role in determining how salt marsh vegetation interacts with waves.Under medium conditions (orbital velocity 42–63 cm s−1), the effect of Puccinellia and Elymus on waveorbital velocities varied with water depth and wave period. Under high water levels (2 m) and longwave periods (4.1 s), within the flexible, low-growing Puccinellia canopy orbital velocity was reducedby 35% while in the more rigid, tall Elymus canopy deflection and folding of stems occurred and nosignificant effect on orbital velocity was found. Under low water levels (1 m) and short wave periods(2.9 s) by contrast, Elymus reduced near-bed velocity more than Puccinellia. Under high orbital velocities(≥74 cm s−1), flattening of the canopy and an increase of orbital velocity was observed for both Puccinelliaand Elymus. Stem folding and breakage in Elymus at a threshold orbital velocity ≥ 42 cm s−1coincided witha levelling-off in the marsh wave dissipation capacity, while Puccinellia survived even extreme waveforces without physical damage. These findings suggest a species-specific control of wave dissipation bysalt marshes which can potentially inform predictions of the wave dissipation capacity of marshes andtheir resilience to storm surge conditions.
Tjeerd J Bouma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vegetation-wave interactions in salt marshes under storm surge conditions
Ecological Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Franziska Rupprecht, Iris Möller, Maike Paul, Matthias Kudella, Guido Wolters, Bregje K Van Wesenbeeck, Kai Jensen, Tjeerd J Bouma, Tom Spencer, Martin Miranda-langeAbstract:Vegetation-wave interactions are critical in determining the capacity of coastal salt marshes to reducewave energy (wave dissipation), enhance sedimentation and protect the shoreline from erosion. Whilevegetation-induced wave dissipation is increasingly recognized in low wave energy environments, little isknown about: (i) the effect of vegetation on wave dissipation during storms when wave heights and waterlevels are highest; and (ii) the ability of different plant species to dissipate waves and to maintain theirintegrity under storm surge conditions. Experiments undertaken in one of the world’s largest wave flumesallowed, for the first time, the study of vegetation-wave interactions at near-field scale, under waveheights ranging from 0.1–0.9 m (corresponding to orbital velocities of 2–91 cm s−1) and water depths upto 2 m, in canopies of two typical NW European salt marsh grasses: Puccinellia maritima (Puccinellia) andElymus athericus (Elymus). Results indicate that plant flexibility and height, as well as wave conditionsand water depth, play an important role in determining how salt marsh vegetation interacts with waves.Under medium conditions (orbital velocity 42–63 cm s−1), the effect of Puccinellia and Elymus on waveorbital velocities varied with water depth and wave period. Under high water levels (2 m) and longwave periods (4.1 s), within the flexible, low-growing Puccinellia canopy orbital velocity was reducedby 35% while in the more rigid, tall Elymus canopy deflection and folding of stems occurred and nosignificant effect on orbital velocity was found. Under low water levels (1 m) and short wave periods(2.9 s) by contrast, Elymus reduced near-bed velocity more than Puccinellia. Under high orbital velocities(≥74 cm s−1), flattening of the canopy and an increase of orbital velocity was observed for both Puccinelliaand Elymus. Stem folding and breakage in Elymus at a threshold orbital velocity ≥ 42 cm s−1coincided witha levelling-off in the marsh wave dissipation capacity, while Puccinellia survived even extreme waveforces without physical damage. These findings suggest a species-specific control of wave dissipation bysalt marshes which can potentially inform predictions of the wave dissipation capacity of marshes andtheir resilience to storm surge conditions.
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Coping with low nutrient availability and inundation: root growth responses of three halophytic grass species from different elevations along a flooding gradient
Oecologia, 2001Co-Authors: Tjeerd J Bouma, Bas P. Koutstaal, Michel Van Dongen, Kai L. NielsenAbstract:We describe the responses of three halophytic grass species that dominate the low ( Spartina anglica ), middle ( Puccinellia maritima ) and high ( Elymus pycnanthus ) parts of a salt marsh, to soil conditions that are believed to favour contrasting root-growth strategies. Our hypotheses were: (1) individual lateral root length is enhanced by N limitations in the soil but restricted by oxygen limitations, (2) the density of root branching within a species is inversely related to the length of the lateral roots, and (3) species from high elevations (i.e. the driest parts of a marsh) are the most responsive to changing soil conditions. Plant growth responses and soil parameters showed that the contrasting but uniformly applied soil treatments were effective. All three species showed a small but significant shift towards a finer root diameter distribution when N was limiting, partly because of the finer diameters of the laterals ( Elymus and Spartina ) and partly because of increased length of individual 1st-order laterals ( Elymus and Puccinellia ). The increased length of the 1st-order laterals of Elymus and Puccinellia grown under low N indicates that the first part of hypothesis 1 may be true. However, lack of effect of flooding and reduced soil conditions lead us to reject the second part of hypothesis 1. Hypothesis 2 was rejected for these three halophytes, as the branch density of 1st- and 2nd-order laterals appears to be controlled by other factors than length of individual laterals. Hypothesis 3 may be true for specific root characteristics (e.g. length of individual 1st-order laterals), but cannot be generalised (e.g. branch density and topological index). In conclusion, the present data on root growth in contrasting but homogeneous soil conditions indicate that morphological responsiveness of the root systems of these halophytic grass species is limited, regardless of their location along the elevational gradient.
Franziska Rupprecht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vegetation-wave interactions in salt marshes under storm surge conditions
Ecological Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Franziska Rupprecht, Iris Möller, Maike Paul, Matthias Kudella, Guido Wolters, Bregje K Van Wesenbeeck, Kai Jensen, Tjeerd J Bouma, Tom Spencer, Martin Miranda-langeAbstract:Vegetation-wave interactions are critical in determining the capacity of coastal salt marshes to reducewave energy (wave dissipation), enhance sedimentation and protect the shoreline from erosion. Whilevegetation-induced wave dissipation is increasingly recognized in low wave energy environments, little isknown about: (i) the effect of vegetation on wave dissipation during storms when wave heights and waterlevels are highest; and (ii) the ability of different plant species to dissipate waves and to maintain theirintegrity under storm surge conditions. Experiments undertaken in one of the world’s largest wave flumesallowed, for the first time, the study of vegetation-wave interactions at near-field scale, under waveheights ranging from 0.1–0.9 m (corresponding to orbital velocities of 2–91 cm s−1) and water depths upto 2 m, in canopies of two typical NW European salt marsh grasses: Puccinellia maritima (Puccinellia) andElymus athericus (Elymus). Results indicate that plant flexibility and height, as well as wave conditionsand water depth, play an important role in determining how salt marsh vegetation interacts with waves.Under medium conditions (orbital velocity 42–63 cm s−1), the effect of Puccinellia and Elymus on waveorbital velocities varied with water depth and wave period. Under high water levels (2 m) and longwave periods (4.1 s), within the flexible, low-growing Puccinellia canopy orbital velocity was reducedby 35% while in the more rigid, tall Elymus canopy deflection and folding of stems occurred and nosignificant effect on orbital velocity was found. Under low water levels (1 m) and short wave periods(2.9 s) by contrast, Elymus reduced near-bed velocity more than Puccinellia. Under high orbital velocities(≥74 cm s−1), flattening of the canopy and an increase of orbital velocity was observed for both Puccinelliaand Elymus. Stem folding and breakage in Elymus at a threshold orbital velocity ≥ 42 cm s−1coincided witha levelling-off in the marsh wave dissipation capacity, while Puccinellia survived even extreme waveforces without physical damage. These findings suggest a species-specific control of wave dissipation bysalt marshes which can potentially inform predictions of the wave dissipation capacity of marshes andtheir resilience to storm surge conditions.
Norman Terry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A comparative transcriptomic analysis of the extremely boron tolerant plant Puccinellia distans with the moderately boron tolerant Gypsophila arrostil
Plant Cell Reports, 2012Co-Authors: Priya Padmanabhan, Mehmet Babaoğlu, Norman TerryAbstract:The Turkish ecotype of Puccinellia distans displays exceptional boron (B) tolerance, >1,250 mg B L^−1, compared to
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Mechanisms of boron tolerance and accumulation in plants: a physiological comparison of the extremely boron-tolerant plant species, Puccinellia distans, with the moderately boron-tolerant Gypsophila arrostil.
Environmental science & technology, 2010Co-Authors: Amanda R. Stiles, Mehmet Babaoğlu, David Bautista, Emine Atalay, Norman TerryAbstract:The physiological characteristics of the extremely boron (B)-tolerant plant species, Puccinellia distans, were compared with those of the moderately tolerant Gypsophila arrostil, two species collec...
Bregje K Van Wesenbeeck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vegetation-wave interactions in salt marshes under storm surge conditions
Ecological Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Franziska Rupprecht, Iris Möller, Maike Paul, Matthias Kudella, Guido Wolters, Bregje K Van Wesenbeeck, Kai Jensen, Tjeerd J Bouma, Tom Spencer, Martin Miranda-langeAbstract:Vegetation-wave interactions are critical in determining the capacity of coastal salt marshes to reducewave energy (wave dissipation), enhance sedimentation and protect the shoreline from erosion. Whilevegetation-induced wave dissipation is increasingly recognized in low wave energy environments, little isknown about: (i) the effect of vegetation on wave dissipation during storms when wave heights and waterlevels are highest; and (ii) the ability of different plant species to dissipate waves and to maintain theirintegrity under storm surge conditions. Experiments undertaken in one of the world’s largest wave flumesallowed, for the first time, the study of vegetation-wave interactions at near-field scale, under waveheights ranging from 0.1–0.9 m (corresponding to orbital velocities of 2–91 cm s−1) and water depths upto 2 m, in canopies of two typical NW European salt marsh grasses: Puccinellia maritima (Puccinellia) andElymus athericus (Elymus). Results indicate that plant flexibility and height, as well as wave conditionsand water depth, play an important role in determining how salt marsh vegetation interacts with waves.Under medium conditions (orbital velocity 42–63 cm s−1), the effect of Puccinellia and Elymus on waveorbital velocities varied with water depth and wave period. Under high water levels (2 m) and longwave periods (4.1 s), within the flexible, low-growing Puccinellia canopy orbital velocity was reducedby 35% while in the more rigid, tall Elymus canopy deflection and folding of stems occurred and nosignificant effect on orbital velocity was found. Under low water levels (1 m) and short wave periods(2.9 s) by contrast, Elymus reduced near-bed velocity more than Puccinellia. Under high orbital velocities(≥74 cm s−1), flattening of the canopy and an increase of orbital velocity was observed for both Puccinelliaand Elymus. Stem folding and breakage in Elymus at a threshold orbital velocity ≥ 42 cm s−1coincided witha levelling-off in the marsh wave dissipation capacity, while Puccinellia survived even extreme waveforces without physical damage. These findings suggest a species-specific control of wave dissipation bysalt marshes which can potentially inform predictions of the wave dissipation capacity of marshes andtheir resilience to storm surge conditions.
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Vegetation-wave interactions in salt marshes under storm surge conditions
'Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)', 2017Co-Authors: Rupprecht F, Bregje K Van Wesenbeeck, Paul M, Kudella M, Spencer Thomas, Wolters G, Jensen K, Tj Bouma, Miranda-lange MAbstract:Vegetation-wave interactions are critical in determining the capacity of coastal salt marshes to reduce wave energy (wave dissipation), enhance sedimentation and protect the shoreline from erosion. While vegetation-induced wave dissipation is increasingly recognized in low wave energy environments, little is known about: (i) the effect of vegetation on wave dissipation during storms when wave heights and water levels are highest; and (ii) the ability of different plant species to dissipate waves and to maintain their integrity under storm surge conditions. Experiments undertaken in one of the world’s largest wave flumes allowed, for the first time, the study of vegetation-wave interactions at near-field scale, under wave heights ranging from 0.1–0.9 m (corresponding to orbital velocities of 2–91 cm s−1) and water depths up to 2 m, in canopies of two typical NW European salt marsh grasses: Puccinellia maritima (Puccinellia) and Elymus athericus (Elymus). Results indicate that plant flexibility and height, as well as wave conditions and water depth, play an important role in determining how salt marsh vegetation interacts with waves. Under medium conditions (orbital velocity 42–63 cm s−1), the effect of Puccinellia and Elymus on wave orbital velocities varied with water depth and wave period. Under high water levels (2 m) and long wave periods (4.1 s), within the flexible, low-growing Puccinellia canopy orbital velocity was reduced by 35% while in the more rigid, tall Elymus canopy deflection and folding of stems occurred and no significant effect on orbital velocity was found. Under low water levels (1 m) and short wave periods (2.9 s) by contrast, Elymus reduced near-bed velocity more than Puccinellia. Under high orbital velocities (≥74 cm s−1), flattening of the canopy and an increase of orbital velocity was observed for both Puccinellia and Elymus. Stem folding and breakage in Elymus at a threshold orbital velocity ≥ 42 cm s−1 coincided with a levelling-off in the marsh wave dissipation capacity, while Puccinellia survived even extreme wave forces without physical damage. These findings suggest a species-specific control of wave dissipation by salt marshes which can potentially inform predictions of the wave dissipation capacity of marshes and their resilience to storm surge conditions.M.P. acknowledges funding by the German Science Foundation (grant no. PA 2547/1-1). The work described in this publication was supported by the European Community’s 7th Framework Programme through the grant to the budget of the Integrating Activity HYDRALAB IV, Contract no. 261529 and by a grant from The Isaac Newton Trust, Trinity College, Cambridge
