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Jon H. Kaas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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frontal eye field in prosimian galagos intracortical microstimulation and tracing studies
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2018Co-Authors: Iwona Stepniewska, Pierre Pouget, Jon H. KaasAbstract:The frontal eye field (FEF) in prosimian primates was identified as a small cortical region, above and anterior to the anterior frontal sulcus, from which saccadic eye movements were evoked with electrical stimulation. Tracer injections revealed FEF connections with cortical and subcortical structures participating in higher order visual processing. Ipsilateral cortical connections were the densest with adjoining parts of the dorsal premotor and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Label in a region corresponding to supplementary eye field (SEF) of other primates, suggests the existence of SEF in galagos. Other connections were with ventral premotor cortex (PMV), the caudal half of posterior parietal cortex, cingulate cortex, visual areas within the superior temporal sulcus, and inferotemporal cortex. Callosal connections were mostly with the region of the FEF of another hemisphere, SEF, PFC and PMV. Most subcortical connections were ipsilateral, but some were bilateral. Dense bilateral connections were to caudate Nuclei. Densest reciprocal ipsilateral connections were with the paralamellar portion of mediodorsal nucleus, intralaminar Nuclei and magnocellular portion of ventral anterior nucleus. Other FEF connections were with the claustrum, reticular nucleus, zona incerta, lateral posterior and medial Pulvinar Nuclei, nucleus limitans, pretectal area, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, mesencephalic and pontine reticular formation and pontine Nuclei. Surprisingly, the superior colliculus (SC) contained only sparse anterograde label. Although most FEF connections in galagos are similar to those in monkeys, the FEF-SC connections appear to be much less. This suggests that a major contribution of the FEF to visuomotor functions of SC emerged with the evolution of anthropoid primates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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the evolution and functions of Nuclei of the visual Pulvinar in primates
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2017Co-Authors: Pooja Balaram, Mary K L Baldwin, Jon H. KaasAbstract:In this review, we outline the history of our current understanding of the organization of the Pulvinar complex of mammals. We include more recent evidence from our own studies of both New and Old World monkeys, prosimian galagos, and close relatives of primates, including tree shrews and rodents. Based on cumulative evidence, we provide insights into the possible evolution of the visual Pulvinar complex, as well as the possible co-evolution of the inferior Pulvinar Nuclei and temporal cortical visual areas within the MT complex.
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the visual Pulvinar in tree shrews ii projections of four Nuclei to areas of visual cortex
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2003Co-Authors: David C Lyon, Neeraj Jain, Jon H. KaasAbstract:Patterns of thalamocortical connections were related to architectonically defined subdivisions of the Pulvinar complex and the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri). Tree shrews are of special interest because they are considered close relatives of primates, and they have a highly developed visual system. Several distinguishable tracers were injected within and across cortical visual areas in individual tree shrews in order to reveal retinotopic patterns and cortical targets of subdivisions of the Pulvinar. The results indicate that each of the three architectonic regions of the Pulvinar has a distinctive pattern of cortical connections and that one of these divisions is further divided into two regions with different patterns of connections. Two of the Pulvinar Nuclei have similar retinotopic patterns of projections to caudal visual cortex. The large central nucleus of the Pulvinar (Pc) projects to the first and second visual areas, V1 and V2, and an adjoining temporal dorsal area (TD) in retinotopic patterns indicating that the upper visual quadrant is represented dorsal to the lower quadrant in Pc. The smaller ventral nucleus (Pv) which stains darkly for the Cat-301 antigen, projects to these same cortical areas, with a retinotopic pattern. Pv also projects to a temporal anterior area, TA. The dorsal nucleus (Pd), which densely expresses AChE, projects to posterior and ventral areas of temporal extrastriate cortex, areas TP and TPI. A posterior nucleus, Pp, projects to anterior areas TAL and TI, of the temporal lobe, as well as TPI. Injections in different cortical areas as much as 6 mm apart labeled overlapping zones in Pp and double-labeled some cells. These results indicate that the visual Pulvinar of tree shrews contains at least four functionally distinct subdivisions, or Nuclei. In addition, the cortical injections revealed that the LGN projects topographically and densely to V1 and that a significant number of LGN neurons project to V2 and TD.
Zhichao Xia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of thalamus mediates paternal age effect on offspring reading a preliminary investigation
Human Brain Mapping, 2021Co-Authors: Zhichao Xia, Cheng Wang, Roeland Hancock, Maaike Vandermosten, Fumiko HoeftAbstract:The importance of (inherited) genetic impact in reading development is well established. De novo mutation is another important contributor that is recently gathering interest as a major liability of neurodevelopmental disorders, but has been neglected in reading research to date. Paternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is known as the most prominent risk factor for de novo mutation, which has been repeatedly shown by molecular genetic studies. As one of the first efforts, we performed a preliminary investigation of the relationship between PatAGE, offspring's reading, and brain structure in a longitudinal neuroimaging study following 51 children from kindergarten through third grade. The results showed that greater PatAGE was significantly associated with worse reading, explaining an additional 9.5% of the variance after controlling for a number of confounds-including familial factors and cognitive-linguistic reading precursors. Moreover, this effect was mediated by volumetric maturation of the left posterior thalamus from ages 5 to 8. Complementary analyses indicated the PatAGE-related thalamic region was most likely located in the Pulvinar Nuclei and related to the dorsal attention network by using brain atlases, public datasets, and offspring's diffusion imaging data. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the PatAGE effect on reading acquisition during its earliest phase and suggest promising areas of future research.
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development of thalamus mediates paternal age effect on offspring reading a preliminary investigation
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Zhichao Xia, Cheng Wang, Roeland Hancock, Maaike Vandermosten, Fumiko HoeftAbstract:Abstract The importance of (inherited) genetic impact in reading development is well-established. De novo mutation is another important contributor that is recently gathering interest as a major liability of neurodevelopmental disorders, but has been neglected in reading research to date. Paternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is known as the most prominent risk factor for de novo mutation, which has been shown repeatedly by molecular genetic studies. As one of the first effort, we performed a preliminary investigation of the relationship between PatAGE, offspring’s reading, and brain structure in a longitudinal neuroimaging study following 51 children from kindergarten through third grade. The results showed that greater PatAGE was associated significantly with worse reading, explaining an additional 9.5% of the variations after controlling for a number of confounds — including familial factors and cognitive-linguistic reading precursors. Moreover, this effect was mediated by volumetric maturation of the left posterior thalamus from ages 5 to 8. Complementary analyses indicated the PatAGE-related thalamic region was most likely located in the Pulvinar Nuclei and related to the dorsal attention network, by using offspring’s diffusion MRI data, brain atlases, and public datasets. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the PatAGE effect on reading acquisition during its earliest phase and suggest promising areas of future research. Highlights Paternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is negatively correlated with reading in offspring. PatAGE is related to volumetric maturation of the thalamus. Brain maturation mediates the PatAGE effect on reading. PatAGE-related thalamic area is connected to the dorsal attention network.
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advanced paternal age effect on offspring s reading ability the mediating role of thalamic maturation
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Zhichao Xia, Cheng Wang, Roeland Hancock, Maaike Vandermosten, Fumiko HoeftAbstract:While advanced paternal age (APA) has repeatedly been associated with a higher risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, its effects on cognitive processes such as reading have received minimal attention. Therefore, we examined the relationship between APA, offspring9s reading abilities, and brain measures in a longitudinal neuroimaging study following 51 children from kindergarten through third grade. APA significantly predicted reduced reading performance, independent of parental reading history, socioeconomic status, home literacy environment, and birth order. This effect was mediated by gray matter volume change in the left posterior thalamus, predominantly the Pulvinar Nuclei. Complementary analyses using diffusion imaging data, Neurosynth, and 1000 Functional Connectome data indicated the APA-related cluster links to the dorsal attention network. These findings provide novel insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying APA effect on reading during its earliest phase of reading acquisition and suggest future avenues of research on APA-related factors, such as de novo mutation, in reading.
Fumiko Hoeft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of thalamus mediates paternal age effect on offspring reading a preliminary investigation
Human Brain Mapping, 2021Co-Authors: Zhichao Xia, Cheng Wang, Roeland Hancock, Maaike Vandermosten, Fumiko HoeftAbstract:The importance of (inherited) genetic impact in reading development is well established. De novo mutation is another important contributor that is recently gathering interest as a major liability of neurodevelopmental disorders, but has been neglected in reading research to date. Paternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is known as the most prominent risk factor for de novo mutation, which has been repeatedly shown by molecular genetic studies. As one of the first efforts, we performed a preliminary investigation of the relationship between PatAGE, offspring's reading, and brain structure in a longitudinal neuroimaging study following 51 children from kindergarten through third grade. The results showed that greater PatAGE was significantly associated with worse reading, explaining an additional 9.5% of the variance after controlling for a number of confounds-including familial factors and cognitive-linguistic reading precursors. Moreover, this effect was mediated by volumetric maturation of the left posterior thalamus from ages 5 to 8. Complementary analyses indicated the PatAGE-related thalamic region was most likely located in the Pulvinar Nuclei and related to the dorsal attention network by using brain atlases, public datasets, and offspring's diffusion imaging data. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the PatAGE effect on reading acquisition during its earliest phase and suggest promising areas of future research.
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development of thalamus mediates paternal age effect on offspring reading a preliminary investigation
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Zhichao Xia, Cheng Wang, Roeland Hancock, Maaike Vandermosten, Fumiko HoeftAbstract:Abstract The importance of (inherited) genetic impact in reading development is well-established. De novo mutation is another important contributor that is recently gathering interest as a major liability of neurodevelopmental disorders, but has been neglected in reading research to date. Paternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is known as the most prominent risk factor for de novo mutation, which has been shown repeatedly by molecular genetic studies. As one of the first effort, we performed a preliminary investigation of the relationship between PatAGE, offspring’s reading, and brain structure in a longitudinal neuroimaging study following 51 children from kindergarten through third grade. The results showed that greater PatAGE was associated significantly with worse reading, explaining an additional 9.5% of the variations after controlling for a number of confounds — including familial factors and cognitive-linguistic reading precursors. Moreover, this effect was mediated by volumetric maturation of the left posterior thalamus from ages 5 to 8. Complementary analyses indicated the PatAGE-related thalamic region was most likely located in the Pulvinar Nuclei and related to the dorsal attention network, by using offspring’s diffusion MRI data, brain atlases, and public datasets. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the PatAGE effect on reading acquisition during its earliest phase and suggest promising areas of future research. Highlights Paternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is negatively correlated with reading in offspring. PatAGE is related to volumetric maturation of the thalamus. Brain maturation mediates the PatAGE effect on reading. PatAGE-related thalamic area is connected to the dorsal attention network.
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advanced paternal age effect on offspring s reading ability the mediating role of thalamic maturation
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Zhichao Xia, Cheng Wang, Roeland Hancock, Maaike Vandermosten, Fumiko HoeftAbstract:While advanced paternal age (APA) has repeatedly been associated with a higher risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, its effects on cognitive processes such as reading have received minimal attention. Therefore, we examined the relationship between APA, offspring9s reading abilities, and brain measures in a longitudinal neuroimaging study following 51 children from kindergarten through third grade. APA significantly predicted reduced reading performance, independent of parental reading history, socioeconomic status, home literacy environment, and birth order. This effect was mediated by gray matter volume change in the left posterior thalamus, predominantly the Pulvinar Nuclei. Complementary analyses using diffusion imaging data, Neurosynth, and 1000 Functional Connectome data indicated the APA-related cluster links to the dorsal attention network. These findings provide novel insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying APA effect on reading during its earliest phase of reading acquisition and suggest future avenues of research on APA-related factors, such as de novo mutation, in reading.
Maaike Vandermosten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of thalamus mediates paternal age effect on offspring reading a preliminary investigation
Human Brain Mapping, 2021Co-Authors: Zhichao Xia, Cheng Wang, Roeland Hancock, Maaike Vandermosten, Fumiko HoeftAbstract:The importance of (inherited) genetic impact in reading development is well established. De novo mutation is another important contributor that is recently gathering interest as a major liability of neurodevelopmental disorders, but has been neglected in reading research to date. Paternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is known as the most prominent risk factor for de novo mutation, which has been repeatedly shown by molecular genetic studies. As one of the first efforts, we performed a preliminary investigation of the relationship between PatAGE, offspring's reading, and brain structure in a longitudinal neuroimaging study following 51 children from kindergarten through third grade. The results showed that greater PatAGE was significantly associated with worse reading, explaining an additional 9.5% of the variance after controlling for a number of confounds-including familial factors and cognitive-linguistic reading precursors. Moreover, this effect was mediated by volumetric maturation of the left posterior thalamus from ages 5 to 8. Complementary analyses indicated the PatAGE-related thalamic region was most likely located in the Pulvinar Nuclei and related to the dorsal attention network by using brain atlases, public datasets, and offspring's diffusion imaging data. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the PatAGE effect on reading acquisition during its earliest phase and suggest promising areas of future research.
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development of thalamus mediates paternal age effect on offspring reading a preliminary investigation
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Zhichao Xia, Cheng Wang, Roeland Hancock, Maaike Vandermosten, Fumiko HoeftAbstract:Abstract The importance of (inherited) genetic impact in reading development is well-established. De novo mutation is another important contributor that is recently gathering interest as a major liability of neurodevelopmental disorders, but has been neglected in reading research to date. Paternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is known as the most prominent risk factor for de novo mutation, which has been shown repeatedly by molecular genetic studies. As one of the first effort, we performed a preliminary investigation of the relationship between PatAGE, offspring’s reading, and brain structure in a longitudinal neuroimaging study following 51 children from kindergarten through third grade. The results showed that greater PatAGE was associated significantly with worse reading, explaining an additional 9.5% of the variations after controlling for a number of confounds — including familial factors and cognitive-linguistic reading precursors. Moreover, this effect was mediated by volumetric maturation of the left posterior thalamus from ages 5 to 8. Complementary analyses indicated the PatAGE-related thalamic region was most likely located in the Pulvinar Nuclei and related to the dorsal attention network, by using offspring’s diffusion MRI data, brain atlases, and public datasets. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the PatAGE effect on reading acquisition during its earliest phase and suggest promising areas of future research. Highlights Paternal age at childbirth (PatAGE) is negatively correlated with reading in offspring. PatAGE is related to volumetric maturation of the thalamus. Brain maturation mediates the PatAGE effect on reading. PatAGE-related thalamic area is connected to the dorsal attention network.
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advanced paternal age effect on offspring s reading ability the mediating role of thalamic maturation
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Zhichao Xia, Cheng Wang, Roeland Hancock, Maaike Vandermosten, Fumiko HoeftAbstract:While advanced paternal age (APA) has repeatedly been associated with a higher risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, its effects on cognitive processes such as reading have received minimal attention. Therefore, we examined the relationship between APA, offspring9s reading abilities, and brain measures in a longitudinal neuroimaging study following 51 children from kindergarten through third grade. APA significantly predicted reduced reading performance, independent of parental reading history, socioeconomic status, home literacy environment, and birth order. This effect was mediated by gray matter volume change in the left posterior thalamus, predominantly the Pulvinar Nuclei. Complementary analyses using diffusion imaging data, Neurosynth, and 1000 Functional Connectome data indicated the APA-related cluster links to the dorsal attention network. These findings provide novel insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying APA effect on reading during its earliest phase of reading acquisition and suggest future avenues of research on APA-related factors, such as de novo mutation, in reading.
Claudio Galletti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thalamic projections to visual and visuomotor areas (V6 and V6A) in the Rostral Bank of the parieto-occipital sulcus of the Macaque
Brain Structure and Function, 2016Co-Authors: Michela Gamberini, Sophia Bakola, Lauretta Passarelli, Kathleen J. Burman, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Patrizia Fattori, Claudio GallettiAbstract:The medial posterior parietal cortex of the primate brain includes different functional areas, which have been defined based on the functional properties, cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria, and cortico-cortical connections. Here, we describe the thalamic projections to two of these areas (V6 and V6A), based on 14 retrograde neuronal tracer injections in 11 hemispheres of 9 Macaca fascicularis . The injections were placed either by direct visualisation or using electrophysiological guidance, and the location of injection sites was determined post mortem based on cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria. We found that the majority of the thalamic afferents to the visual area V6 originate in subdivisions of the lateral and inferior Pulvinar Nuclei, with weaker inputs originating from the central densocellular, paracentral, lateral posterior, lateral geniculate, ventral anterior and mediodorsal Nuclei. In contrast, injections in both the dorsal and ventral parts of the visuomotor area V6A revealed strong inputs from the lateral posterior and medial Pulvinar Nuclei, as well as smaller inputs from the ventrolateral complex and from the central densocellular, paracentral, and mediodorsal Nuclei. These projection patterns are in line with the functional properties of injected areas: “dorsal stream” extrastriate area V6 receives information from visuotopically organised subdivisions of the thalamus; whereas visuomotor area V6A, which is involved in the sensory guidance of arm movement, receives its primary afferents from thalamic Nuclei that provide high-order somatic and visual input.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Thalamic projections to visual and visuomotor areas (V6 and V6A) in the Rostral Bank of the parieto-occipital sulcus of the Macaque
2014Co-Authors: Michela Gamberini, Sophia Bakola, Lauretta Passarelli, Claudio Galletti, Thalamic NucleiAbstract:Abstract The medial posterior parietal cortex of the primate brain includes different functional areas, which have been defined based on the functional properties, cyto-and myeloarchitectural criteria, and cortico-cortical con-nections. Here, we describe the thalamic projections to two of these areas (V6 and V6A), based on 14 retrograde neuronal tracer injections in 11 hemispheres of 9 Macaca fascicularis. The injections were placed either by direct visualisation or using electrophysiological guidance, and the location of injection sites was determined post mortem based on cyto- and myeloarchitectural criteria. We found that the majority of the thalamic afferents to the visual area V6 originate in subdivisions of the lateral and inferior Pulvinar Nuclei, with weaker inputs originating from the central densocellular, paracentral, lateral posterior, lateral geniculate, ventral anterior and mediodorsal Nuclei. In contrast, injections in both the dorsal and ventral parts of the visuomotor area V6A revealed strong inputs from the lateral posterior and medial Pulvinar Nuclei, as well as smaller inputs from the ventrolateral complex and from the central densocellular, paracentral, and mediodorsal Nuclei. These projection patterns are in line with the functional properties of injected areas: ‘‘dorsal stream’ ’ extrastriate area V6 receives information from visuotopically organ-ised subdivisions of the thalamus; whereas visuomotor area V6A, which is involved in the sensory guidance of arm movement, receives its primary afferents from thalamic Nuclei that provide high-order somatic and visual input
