The Experts below are selected from a list of 16875 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yeong-chuan Kao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spiral multiple effect diffusion solar still coupled with vacuum tube collector and heat pipe
Desalination, 2014Co-Authors: Bin-juine Huang, Tze-ling Chong, Pohsien Wu, Hanyi Dai, Yeong-chuan KaoAbstract:Abstract The present study develops a multiple-effect diffusion solar still (MEDS) with a bended-plate design in multiple-effect diffusion unit (MDU) to solve the peel-off problem of wick material. The MDU is coupled with a vacuum-tube solar collector to produce a high temperature gradient for high productivity. A heat pipe is used to transfer the solar heat to the MDU. A prototype MEDS-1L was built and tested outdoors. Four performance indexes are proposed for the performance evaluation of MEDS, including daily Pure Water Production per unit area of glass cover, solar absorber, and evaporating surface (Mcov, Msol, Mevp, respectively), and solar distillation efficiency Rcov. The outdoor test results of MEDS-1L show that the solar collector supply temperature Th reaches 100 °C at solar radiation 800 W m− 2. The highest Mcov is 23.9 kg m− 2 d− 1 which is about 29% higher than the basin-type MEDS [11]. The highest value is 25.9 kg m− 2 d− 1 for Msol and 2.79 kg m− 2 d− 1 for Mevp. The measured Rcov is 1.5–2.44, higher than the basin-type MEDS (1.45–1.88). The Mcov, Msol, Mevp and Rcov of MEDS-1L are all higher than the theoretical calculation of a MEDS with a flat-plate solar collector coupled with a heat pipe (MEDS-FHP) [17].
Nidal Hilal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reverse osmosis desalination a state of the art review
Desalination, 2019Co-Authors: Muhammad Qasim, Nidal Hilal, Mohamed Badrelzaman, Noora Darwish, Naif A DarwishAbstract:Abstract Water scarcity is a grand challenge that has always stimulated research interests in finding effective means for Pure Water Production. In this context, reverse osmosis (RO) is considered the leading and the most optimized membrane-based desalination process that is currently dominating the desalination market. In this review, various aspects of RO desalination are reviewed. Theories and models related to concentration polarization and membrane transport, as well as merits and drawbacks of these models in predicting polarization effects, are discussed. An updated review of studies related to membrane modules (plate and frame, tubular, spiral wound, and hollow fiber) and membrane characterization are provided. The review also discusses membrane cleaning and different pre-treatment technologies in place for RO desalination, such as feed-Water pre-treatment and biocides. RO pre-treatment technologies, which include conventional (e.g., coagulation-flocculation, media filtration, disinfection, scale inhibition) and non-conventional (e.g., MF, UF, and NF) are reviewed and their relative attributes are compared. As per the available literature, UF, MF and coagulation-flocculation are considered the most widely used pre-treatment technologies. In addition, this review discusses membrane fouling, which represents a serious challenge in RO processes due to its significant contribution to energy requirements and process economy (e.g., flux decline, permeate quality, membrane lifespan, increased feed pressure, increased pre-treatment and membrane maintenance cost). Different membrane fouling types, such as colloidal, organic, inorganic, and biological fouling, are addressed in this review. Principles of RO process design and the embedded economic and energy considerations are discussed. In general, cost of Water desalination has dropped to values that made it a viable option, comparable even to conventional Water treatment methods. Finally, an overview of hybrid RO desalination processes and the current challenges faced by RO desalination processes are presented and discussed.
Bin-juine Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spiral multiple effect diffusion solar still coupled with vacuum tube collector and heat pipe
Desalination, 2014Co-Authors: Bin-juine Huang, Tze-ling Chong, Pohsien Wu, Hanyi Dai, Yeong-chuan KaoAbstract:Abstract The present study develops a multiple-effect diffusion solar still (MEDS) with a bended-plate design in multiple-effect diffusion unit (MDU) to solve the peel-off problem of wick material. The MDU is coupled with a vacuum-tube solar collector to produce a high temperature gradient for high productivity. A heat pipe is used to transfer the solar heat to the MDU. A prototype MEDS-1L was built and tested outdoors. Four performance indexes are proposed for the performance evaluation of MEDS, including daily Pure Water Production per unit area of glass cover, solar absorber, and evaporating surface (Mcov, Msol, Mevp, respectively), and solar distillation efficiency Rcov. The outdoor test results of MEDS-1L show that the solar collector supply temperature Th reaches 100 °C at solar radiation 800 W m− 2. The highest Mcov is 23.9 kg m− 2 d− 1 which is about 29% higher than the basin-type MEDS [11]. The highest value is 25.9 kg m− 2 d− 1 for Msol and 2.79 kg m− 2 d− 1 for Mevp. The measured Rcov is 1.5–2.44, higher than the basin-type MEDS (1.45–1.88). The Mcov, Msol, Mevp and Rcov of MEDS-1L are all higher than the theoretical calculation of a MEDS with a flat-plate solar collector coupled with a heat pipe (MEDS-FHP) [17].
Hankins N - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integration of Forward Osmosis Membrane Bioreactor (FO-MBR) and Membrane Distillation (MD) units for Water reclamation and regeneration of draw solutions
'Elsevier BV', 2021Co-Authors: Parveen F, Hankins NAbstract:In the current lab scale study, the two treatment technologies of FO (Forward osmosis) and DCMD (Direct contact membrane distillation) were used in combination to create a continuous treatment system for Water reclamation using, inorganic NaCl, surfactant (Tetraethyl ammonium bromide, TEAB) and polyelectrolyte (Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, PDAC) as FO draw solutes with both DI Water (FO-MD), and monoculture municipal synthetic wasteWater with Bacillus subtillis inoculum as feed (FOMBR-MD). Each of the units was optimized separately at bench scale, and then combined to form a Forward Osmosis Membrane Bioreactor – Membrane Distillation (FOMBR-MD) hybrid for Water reclamation from wasteWater. In this hybrid system, the diluted draw solution was fed to the MD unit for reconcentration. The MD unit was tested at various operating temperatures; for FO-MD, a temperature difference of 15 °C was chosen, with a feed temperature of 35 °C and a permeate temperature of 20 °C. For the FOMBR, the temperature difference was increased to 25 °C. When the cross flow velocity was kept constant, the MD flux increased significantly with increasing temperature. Low grade waste heat from industry can potentially be utilised for the FO-MD process. The increase in flux was higher for NaCl and TEAB (60–80 %) when compared to PDAC (20–50 %), as the temperature difference increased to 35 °C. A greater feed flow velocity increased the turbulence in the flow channel, and increased the MD flux. Up to a 60 % increase in flux was observed when the feed velocity was increased from 0.12 to 0.17 m/s, while the increase in flux was not as high when the flow was increased from 0.17 to 0.21 m/s and thus 0.17 m/s was chosen as the cross- flow velocity for MD. Higher feed concentrations tended to reduce vapour pressures and hence decreased the MD Water fluxes. The flux for FO-MBR and MD were well balanced for lower molecular weight draw solutes, but lower FO fluxes were observed for higher molecular weight draw solutes (TEAB, PDAC). This greater imbalance reflected their lower diffusivities and greater tendencies toward concentration polarization. Reverse solute transport (RST) values leading to salinity or toxicity were not reflected by the observations, and therefore it was feasible to run an FOMBR-MD Hybrid for extended times. However, a greater decline in flux versus time was observed for NaCl than for TEAB. PDAC showed the lowest but most stable flux, and a lesser fouling tendency compared to that of TEAB. Overall, The FO-MD hybrid enabled Pure Water Production and a non-volatile component rejection of nearly 99 %, with an RST of
J I Mengual - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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coupling of a membrane distillation module to a multieffect distiller for Pure Water Production
Desalination, 1998Co-Authors: M C De Andres, J Doria, M Khayet, L Pena, J I MengualAbstract:A combined system made of a one-stage multieffect distiller, working at atmospheric pressure, and a membrane distillation module were studied. The relatively hot brine rejected in the multieffect distiller is used as feed in the membrane module. In this way, the Production of distilled Water is increased about 7.5% and the GOR of the whole system is improved by about 10%.
