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Irma L. Botto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pyroclastic material from the Puyehue-Cordon-Caulle Volcanic Complex, Chile, as carrier of Beauveria bassiana conidia: Potential utilization in mycoinsecticide formulations
Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Santiago Schalamuk, Sebastian A. Pelizza, Ana Clara Scorsetti, María José González, Irma L. BottoAbstract:The last volcanic eruption of the Puyehue-Cordon-Caulle Volcanic Complex in the Andes cordillera of western South America, occurring on 4 June 2011, ejected Pyroclastic Materials that were accumulated in a wide region of the northern Patagonia (Argentina), affecting the environment and health of residents within the area. The aim of this work was to evaluate the practicability of using this waste material as a lowcost carrier for mycopesticide formulations. Beauveria bassiana is a recognized fungal agent for arthropod biologic control. Lengthy storage is critical for the development of mycoinsecticide formulations. Accordingly, the search for adequate Materials to improve the shelf life of biocontrol products becomes desirable. First, several analytical techniques were employed to characterize the pyroclast physicochemically; then the viability of the fungal conidia was evaluated after an 18-month storage in the volcanic material. Finally, the pathogenicity of the conidia after that prolonged maintenance in the vehicle was assessed on the beetle Alphitobius diaperinus, an insect pest in poultry houses that causes major economic losses. The results from those bioassays proved auspicious for the eventual utilization of the pyroclast as a bioinsecticide carrier especially since the formulation had proven to be stable for at least 18 months under a wide range of environmental conditions. The constant moisture in a closed environment within a 5˚C - 40˚C temperature range insures a viable state during storage. The results indicate that what would otherwise be volcanic waste may be utilized as an efficient, abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally innocuous carrier of entomopathogenic fungi.Fil: Schalamuk, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Pelizza, Sebastian Alberto. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Scorsetti, Ana Clara. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Botto, Irma Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentin
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Pyroclastic material from the Puyehue-Cordon-Caulle Volcanic Complex, Chile, as carrier of Beauveria bassiana conidia: Potential utilization in mycoinsecticide formulations
Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Santiago Schalamuk, Sebastian A. Pelizza, Ana Clara Scorsetti, María José González, Irma L. BottoAbstract:The last volcanic eruption of the Puyehue-Cordon-Caulle Volcanic Complex in the Andes cordillera of western South America, occurring on 4 June 2011, ejected Pyroclastic Materials that were accumulated in a wide region of the northern Patagonia (Argentina), affecting the environment and health of residents within the area. The aim of this work was to evaluate the practicability of using this waste material as a lowcost carrier for mycopesticide formulations. Beauveria bassiana is a recognized fungal agent for arthropod biologic control. Lengthy storage is critical for the development of mycoinsecticide formulations. Accordingly, the search for adequate Materials to improve the shelf life of biocontrol products becomes desirable. First, several analytical techniques were employed to characterize the pyroclast physicochemically; then the viability of the fungal conidia was evaluated after an 18-month storage in the volcanic material. Finally, the pathogenicity of the conidia after that prolonged maintenance in the vehicle was assessed on the beetle Alphitobius diaperinus, an insect pest in poultry houses that causes major economic losses. The results from those bioassays proved auspicious for the eventual utilization of the pyroclast as a bioinsecticide carrier especially since the formulation had proven to be stable for at least 18 months under a wide range of environmental conditions. The constant moisture in a closed environment within a 5°C - 40°C temperature range insures a viable state during storage. The results indicate that what would otherwise be volcanic waste may be utilized as an efficient, abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally innocuous carrier of entomopathogenic fungi.
Brian R. Bell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Debris flow deposits within the Palaeogene lava fields of NW Scotland: evidence for mass wasting of the volcanic landscape during emplacement of the Ardnamurchan Central Complex
Bulletin of Volcanology, 2007Co-Authors: David J. Brown, Brian R. BellAbstract:Coarse fragmental rocks, previously interpreted as primary Pyroclastic accumulations infilling flared vents (Richey JE 1938) “The rhythmic eruptions of Ben Hiant, Ardnamurchan, a tertiary volcano. Bull Volcanol” 2(3):1–21), are re-interpreted as predominantly debris flow deposits, with minor hyperconcentrated and stream-flow deposits, temporally and spatially associated with the Palaeogene Ardnamurchan Central Complex (ACC), NW Scotland. These volcaniclastic rocks are conglomerates and breccias, interbedded with siltstones and sandstones, which formed by surface processes on a dissected landscape, developed in response to shallow emplacement of the ACC. Clast-matrix and photo-statistical analyses allow the palaeo-topography and drainage system to be reconstructed and the development of a palaeo-geographic model for the volcanic landscape. Slabs of basalt, dolerite and sandstone were transported as megablocks during catastrophic, gravity-driven events. Lower energy intervals during volcanic hiatuses are marked by lacustrine-fluvial volcaniclastic siltstones and sandstones preserving palynomorph assemblages. We suggest that shallow intrusion is a plausible initiation mechanism for mass wasting in other large igneous provinces. Historically, deposits of the type described here may have been misidentified as vent facies Pyroclastic Materials.
Santiago Schalamuk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pyroclastic material from the Puyehue-Cordon-Caulle Volcanic Complex, Chile, as carrier of Beauveria bassiana conidia: Potential utilization in mycoinsecticide formulations
Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Santiago Schalamuk, Sebastian A. Pelizza, Ana Clara Scorsetti, María José González, Irma L. BottoAbstract:The last volcanic eruption of the Puyehue-Cordon-Caulle Volcanic Complex in the Andes cordillera of western South America, occurring on 4 June 2011, ejected Pyroclastic Materials that were accumulated in a wide region of the northern Patagonia (Argentina), affecting the environment and health of residents within the area. The aim of this work was to evaluate the practicability of using this waste material as a lowcost carrier for mycopesticide formulations. Beauveria bassiana is a recognized fungal agent for arthropod biologic control. Lengthy storage is critical for the development of mycoinsecticide formulations. Accordingly, the search for adequate Materials to improve the shelf life of biocontrol products becomes desirable. First, several analytical techniques were employed to characterize the pyroclast physicochemically; then the viability of the fungal conidia was evaluated after an 18-month storage in the volcanic material. Finally, the pathogenicity of the conidia after that prolonged maintenance in the vehicle was assessed on the beetle Alphitobius diaperinus, an insect pest in poultry houses that causes major economic losses. The results from those bioassays proved auspicious for the eventual utilization of the pyroclast as a bioinsecticide carrier especially since the formulation had proven to be stable for at least 18 months under a wide range of environmental conditions. The constant moisture in a closed environment within a 5˚C - 40˚C temperature range insures a viable state during storage. The results indicate that what would otherwise be volcanic waste may be utilized as an efficient, abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally innocuous carrier of entomopathogenic fungi.Fil: Schalamuk, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Pelizza, Sebastian Alberto. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Scorsetti, Ana Clara. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Botto, Irma Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentin
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Pyroclastic material from the Puyehue-Cordon-Caulle Volcanic Complex, Chile, as carrier of Beauveria bassiana conidia: Potential utilization in mycoinsecticide formulations
Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Santiago Schalamuk, Sebastian A. Pelizza, Ana Clara Scorsetti, María José González, Irma L. BottoAbstract:The last volcanic eruption of the Puyehue-Cordon-Caulle Volcanic Complex in the Andes cordillera of western South America, occurring on 4 June 2011, ejected Pyroclastic Materials that were accumulated in a wide region of the northern Patagonia (Argentina), affecting the environment and health of residents within the area. The aim of this work was to evaluate the practicability of using this waste material as a lowcost carrier for mycopesticide formulations. Beauveria bassiana is a recognized fungal agent for arthropod biologic control. Lengthy storage is critical for the development of mycoinsecticide formulations. Accordingly, the search for adequate Materials to improve the shelf life of biocontrol products becomes desirable. First, several analytical techniques were employed to characterize the pyroclast physicochemically; then the viability of the fungal conidia was evaluated after an 18-month storage in the volcanic material. Finally, the pathogenicity of the conidia after that prolonged maintenance in the vehicle was assessed on the beetle Alphitobius diaperinus, an insect pest in poultry houses that causes major economic losses. The results from those bioassays proved auspicious for the eventual utilization of the pyroclast as a bioinsecticide carrier especially since the formulation had proven to be stable for at least 18 months under a wide range of environmental conditions. The constant moisture in a closed environment within a 5°C - 40°C temperature range insures a viable state during storage. The results indicate that what would otherwise be volcanic waste may be utilized as an efficient, abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally innocuous carrier of entomopathogenic fungi.
Teruyuki Maruoka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sulfur isotopic systematics during the October 2017 eruption of the Shinmoe-dake volcano, Japan
Applied Geochemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Kei Ikehata, Teruyuki MaruokaAbstract:Abstract Shinmoe-dake, a volcano, in Japan, began to erupt on October 11, 2017, after a 6-year period of quiescence. The Pyroclastic Materials ejected during October 11–14, 2017, contain sulfur-bearing minerals. Time-series sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfur species in the samples ejected during the 2017 eruption were measured in order to reveal the geochemical characteristics of the volcanic hydrothermal system that developed after the 2011 eruption and its evolution during the 2017 eruption. δ34S values for water-leached sulfate (+16.09‰ to +17.51‰), acetone-leached native sulfur (−1.23‰ to +0.42‰), fine-grained pyrite (−1.81‰ to −0.90‰), and coarse-grained pyrite (−3.48‰ to −2.57‰) remained relatively constant with time. The hydrochloric-acid-leached sulfates of the Pyroclastic Materials ejected from October 11 to October 12 exhibit a relatively limited range of δ34S (+9.87‰ to +13.17‰). Then, on October 14, the δ34S value suddenly increased to +16.85‰, which is similar to that of the water-leached sulfate from the same day (+16.09‰). δ34S values for all the sulfur species were probably controlled by the disproportionation of magmatic SO2 in the presence of water in the hot (about 400 °C) deep and cooler (about 300 °C) shallow acidic hydrothermal alteration zones below the summit crater. These zones existed separately before and during the first few days of eruption, but were ruptured in succession as the eruption progressed. The sulfur isotopic similarity between the hydrochloric-acid-leached sulfate and the water-leached sulfate of the Pyroclastic material on October 14 implies that the mixing, dissolution, and re-equilibration of the recycled sulfate from both alteration zones occurred at about 300 °C after the second day of the eruption.
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Sulfur isotopic characteristics of volcanic products from the September 2014 Mount Ontake eruption, Japan
Earth Planets and Space, 2016Co-Authors: Kei Ikehata, Teruyuki MaruokaAbstract:Components and sulfur isotopic compositions of Pyroclastic Materials from the 2014 Mt. Ontake eruption were investigated. The volcanic ash samples were found to be composed of altered volcanic fragments, alunite, anhydrite, biotite, cristobalite, gypsum, ilmenite, kaolin minerals, native sulfur, orthopyroxene, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, pyrite, pyrophyllite, quartz, rutile, and smectite, and most of these minerals were likely derived from the acidic alteration zones of Mt. Ontake. The absence of juvenile material in the eruptive products indicates that the eruption was phreatic. The sulfur isotopic compositions of the water-leached sulfate, hydrochloric acid-leached sulfate, acetone-leached native sulfur, and pyrite of the samples indicate that these sulfur species were produced by disproportionation of magmatic SO2 in the hydrothermal system at temperatures of 270–281 °C. This temperature range is consistent with that inferred from the hydrothermal mineral assemblage (e.g., pyrophyllite and rutile) in the 2014 Pyroclastic Materials (200–300 °C). Except for the sulfur isotopic compositions of anhydrite, which may have been altered by incorporation of sulfate minerals in a fumarolic area with lower sulfur isotopic values into the underground Materials during the 1979 eruption, no significant differences in the mineral assemblages and sulfur isotopic compositions of the Pyroclastic Materials were identified between the products of the 2014 and 1979 Ontake phreatic eruptions, which suggests geochemical similarities in the underlying hydrothermal systems before the 2014 and 1979 eruptions.
Y. Tajima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Basaltic Pyroclastic flows of Fuji volcano, Japan: characteristics of the deposits and their origin
Bulletin of Volcanology, 2005Co-Authors: T. Yamamoto, A. Takada, Y. Ishizuka, N. Miyaji, Y. TajimaAbstract:Fuji volcano is the largest active volcano in Japan, and consists of Ko-Fuji and Shin-Fuji volcanoes. Although basaltic in composition, small-volume Pyroclastic flows have been repeatedly generated during the Younger stage of Shin-Fuji volcano. Deposits of those Pyroclastic flows have been identified along multiple drainage valleys on the western flanks between 1,300 and 2,000 m a.s.l., and have been stratigraphically divided into the Shin-Fuji Younger Pyroclastic flows (SYP) 1 to 4. Downstream debris flow deposits are found which contain abundant material derived from the Pyroclastic flow deposits. The new^14C ages for SYP1 to SYP4 are 3.2, 3.0, 2.9, and 2.5 ka, respectively, and correspond to a period where explosive summit eruptions generated many scoria fall deposits mostly toward the east. The SYP1 to SYP4 deposits consist of two facies: the massive facies is about 2 m thick and contains basaltic bombs of less than 50 cm in size, scoria lapilli, and fresh lithic basalt fragments supported in an ash matrix; the surge facies is represented by beds 1 to 15 cm thick, consisting mainly of ash with minor amount of fine lapilli. The bombs and scoria are 15 to 30% in volume within the massive facies. The ashes within the SYP deposits consist largely of comminuted basalt lithics and crystals that are derived from the Middle-stage lava flows exposed at the western flanks. SYP1 to SYP4 were only dispersed down the western flanks. The reason for this one-sided distribution is the asymmetric topography of the edifice; the western slopes of the volcano are the steepest (over 34 degrees). Most Pyroclastic Materials cannot rest stably on the slopes steeper than 33 degrees. Therefore, ejecta from the explosive summit eruptions that fell on the steep slopes tumbled down the slopes and were remobilized as high-temperature granular flows. These flows consisted of large Pyroclastics and moved as granular avalanches along the valley bottom. Furthermore, the avalanching flows increased in volume by abrasion from the edifice and generated abundant ashes by the collision of clasts. The large amount of the fine material was presumably available within the transport system as the basal avalanches propagated below the angle of repose. Taking the typical kinetic friction coefficient of small Pyroclastic flows, such flows could descend the western flanks where scattered houses are below 1,000 m a.s.l. A similar type of Pyroclastic flow could result if explosive summit eruptions occur in the future.
