The Experts below are selected from a list of 4035 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kailing Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gender discrimination in job ads evidence from china
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Peter Kuhn, Kailing ShenAbstract:We study explicit gender discrimination in a population of ads on a Chinese Internet job board. Gender-targeted job ads are common, favor women as often as men, and are much less common in jobs requiring higher levels of skill. Employers' relative preferences for female versus male workers, on the other hand, are more strongly related to the preferred age, height, and beauty of the worker than to job skill levels. Almost two thirds of the variation in advertised gender preferences occurs within firms, and one third occurs within firmoccupation cells. Overall, these patterns are not well explained by a firm-level animus model, by a glass-ceiling model, or by models in which broad occupational categories are consistently gendered across firms. Instead, the patterns suggest a model in which firms have idiosyncratic preferences for particular job-gender matches, which are overridden in skilled positions by factors such as thinner labor markets or a greater incentive to search broadly for the most Qualified Candidate. JEL Codes: J16, J63, J71. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
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gender discrimination in job ads evidence from china
Research Papers in Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Peter Kuhn, Kailing ShenAbstract:We study explicit gender discrimination in a population of ads on a Chinese internet job board. Gender-targeted job ads are commonplace, favor women as often as men, and are much less common in jobs requiring higher levels of skill. Employers’ relative preferences for female versus male workers, on the other hand, are more strongly related to the preferred age, height and beauty of the worker than to job skill levels. Almost two thirds of the variation in advertised gender preferences occurs within firms, and one third occurs within firm*occupation cells. Overall, these patterns are not well explained by a firm-level animus model, by a glass-ceiling model, nor by models in which broad occupational categories are consistently gendered across firms. Instead, the patterns suggest a model in which firms have idiosyncratic preferences for particular job-gender matches, which are overridden in skilled positions by factors such as thinner labor markets or a greater incentive to search broadly for the most Qualified Candidate.
Fukuda Yuuji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The precise measurement of laser-accelerated ions using CR-39 detectors
2019Co-Authors: Kanasaki Masato, Jinno Satoshi, Sakaki Hironao, Kondo Kiminori, Oda Keiji, Yamauchi Tomoya, Fukuda YuujiAbstract:The laser-driven ion acceleration via the interaction of ultrashort, intense laser pulses with matter, known as laser-plasma acceleration, is featured by its high accelerating electric fields and short pulse length compared to conventional rf-accelerators. The precise quantitative characterization of laser-accelerated ion beams in both space and energy domains is a critical issue in understanding the physics of the laser-driven ion acceleration process. To characterize the ion beam, CR-39 detectors have been used for a long time in laser-driven ion acceleration experiments as the most reliable detector. This is because CR-39 detectors have the great advantage of being insensitive to high-energy photons and electrons. In addition, CR-39 detectors are robust against electromagnetic pulses (EMP) from intense laser-plasma interactions, thus, it would be suitable for the future ion acceleration experiments using multi-PW class lasers. The potential abilities of CR-39 detectors enable us to discuss the laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism based on qualitative information on laser-accelerated ions provided by the analysis of etch pit structures on CR-39 detectors. Therefore, CR-39 detectors are the most Qualified Candidate detector for characterization of the laser accelerated ions. In the poster presentation, the measurement methods for laser-accelerated ions using CR-39 detector will be discussed with the outline of the laser-driven ion acceleration experiment and the other ion beam diagnosis technique.The 12th International Workshop on Ionizing Radiation Monitorin
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The precise measurement of laser-accelerated MeV/n-class high-Z ions and protons using CR-39 detectors
2019Co-Authors: Kanasaki M., Sakaki Hironao, Kondo Kiminori, Jinno S., Oda K., Yamauchi T., Fukuda YuujiAbstract:The precise quantitative characterization of laser-accelerated ion beams in both space and energy domains is a critical issue in understanding the physics of the laser-driven ion acceleration process. To characterize the ion beam, CR-39 detectors have been used for a long time in laser-driven ion acceleration experiments as the most reliable detector. This is because CR-39 detectors have the great advantage of being insensitive to high-energy photons and electrons. In addition, CR-39 detectors are robust against electromagnetic pulses (EMP) from intense laser-plasma interactions, therefore, it would be suitable for the future ion acceleration experiments using multi-PW class lasers. For example, the multi-step etching technique, in which the etching and the microscopic observations are repeated every certain period of the chemical etching time, has been applied to laser-driven ion acceleration experiments to demonstrate a tenfold improvement in the accuracy of determination of the maximum proton energy with uncertainty E = 0.1 MeV.In the present study, to demonstrate the capability of CR-39 for precise measurements in the energy and spatial distributions of laser accelerated ions, CR-39 detectors have been applied to the laser-driven ion acceleration experiment using cluster-gas target, which consists of CO2 clusters embedded in background H2 gas, with the J-KAREN laser (1 J, 40 fs) at QST-KPSI. In order to obtain the high resolution energy spectra of each ion species, the new diagnosis method, which can separately measure the precise energy spectra of the laser-accelerated MeV/n class high-Z ions and that of MeV protons, has been developed. By a careful analysis of etch pit structures using the multi-step etching technique, the maximum energies of carbon/oxygen ions (from clusters) and protons (from background gas) were determined as 1.1±0.1 MeV and 1.6±0.1 MeV/n, respectively. The shapes of energy spectra revealed that the number of carbon/oxygen ions sharply decreased at the maximum energy and that of protons gradually decreased with increasing energy. In addition, in the same experiment series, to obtain the spatial distribution of laser-accelerated ions, CR-39 detectors were installed as to surround the laser focal spot. The CR-39 detectors, which were installed at 45̊ and 90̊ from laser propagation direction, showed a homogeneous etch pit spatial distribution. On the other hand, an inhomogeneous etch pit spatial distribution was observed on CR-39 installed at the laser propagation direction. The inhomogeneous distribution suggests that the spatial distribution of the ion beam could be modulated by the effect of electromagnetic structures created in the laser-plasma. The potential abilities of CR-39 detectors enable us to discuss the laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism based on qualitative information on laser-accelerated ions provided by the analysis of etch pit structures on CR-39 detectors, therefore, CR-39 detectors are the most Qualified Candidate detector for characterization of the laser accelerated ions.International Symposium on Ultrafast Intense Laser Science 1
Peter Kuhn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gender discrimination in job ads evidence from china
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Peter Kuhn, Kailing ShenAbstract:We study explicit gender discrimination in a population of ads on a Chinese Internet job board. Gender-targeted job ads are common, favor women as often as men, and are much less common in jobs requiring higher levels of skill. Employers' relative preferences for female versus male workers, on the other hand, are more strongly related to the preferred age, height, and beauty of the worker than to job skill levels. Almost two thirds of the variation in advertised gender preferences occurs within firms, and one third occurs within firmoccupation cells. Overall, these patterns are not well explained by a firm-level animus model, by a glass-ceiling model, or by models in which broad occupational categories are consistently gendered across firms. Instead, the patterns suggest a model in which firms have idiosyncratic preferences for particular job-gender matches, which are overridden in skilled positions by factors such as thinner labor markets or a greater incentive to search broadly for the most Qualified Candidate. JEL Codes: J16, J63, J71. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
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gender discrimination in job ads evidence from china
Research Papers in Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Peter Kuhn, Kailing ShenAbstract:We study explicit gender discrimination in a population of ads on a Chinese internet job board. Gender-targeted job ads are commonplace, favor women as often as men, and are much less common in jobs requiring higher levels of skill. Employers’ relative preferences for female versus male workers, on the other hand, are more strongly related to the preferred age, height and beauty of the worker than to job skill levels. Almost two thirds of the variation in advertised gender preferences occurs within firms, and one third occurs within firm*occupation cells. Overall, these patterns are not well explained by a firm-level animus model, by a glass-ceiling model, nor by models in which broad occupational categories are consistently gendered across firms. Instead, the patterns suggest a model in which firms have idiosyncratic preferences for particular job-gender matches, which are overridden in skilled positions by factors such as thinner labor markets or a greater incentive to search broadly for the most Qualified Candidate.
Sakaki Hironao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The precise measurement of laser-accelerated ions using CR-39 detectors
2019Co-Authors: Kanasaki Masato, Jinno Satoshi, Sakaki Hironao, Kondo Kiminori, Oda Keiji, Yamauchi Tomoya, Fukuda YuujiAbstract:The laser-driven ion acceleration via the interaction of ultrashort, intense laser pulses with matter, known as laser-plasma acceleration, is featured by its high accelerating electric fields and short pulse length compared to conventional rf-accelerators. The precise quantitative characterization of laser-accelerated ion beams in both space and energy domains is a critical issue in understanding the physics of the laser-driven ion acceleration process. To characterize the ion beam, CR-39 detectors have been used for a long time in laser-driven ion acceleration experiments as the most reliable detector. This is because CR-39 detectors have the great advantage of being insensitive to high-energy photons and electrons. In addition, CR-39 detectors are robust against electromagnetic pulses (EMP) from intense laser-plasma interactions, thus, it would be suitable for the future ion acceleration experiments using multi-PW class lasers. The potential abilities of CR-39 detectors enable us to discuss the laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism based on qualitative information on laser-accelerated ions provided by the analysis of etch pit structures on CR-39 detectors. Therefore, CR-39 detectors are the most Qualified Candidate detector for characterization of the laser accelerated ions. In the poster presentation, the measurement methods for laser-accelerated ions using CR-39 detector will be discussed with the outline of the laser-driven ion acceleration experiment and the other ion beam diagnosis technique.The 12th International Workshop on Ionizing Radiation Monitorin
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The precise measurement of laser-accelerated MeV/n-class high-Z ions and protons using CR-39 detectors
2019Co-Authors: Kanasaki M., Sakaki Hironao, Kondo Kiminori, Jinno S., Oda K., Yamauchi T., Fukuda YuujiAbstract:The precise quantitative characterization of laser-accelerated ion beams in both space and energy domains is a critical issue in understanding the physics of the laser-driven ion acceleration process. To characterize the ion beam, CR-39 detectors have been used for a long time in laser-driven ion acceleration experiments as the most reliable detector. This is because CR-39 detectors have the great advantage of being insensitive to high-energy photons and electrons. In addition, CR-39 detectors are robust against electromagnetic pulses (EMP) from intense laser-plasma interactions, therefore, it would be suitable for the future ion acceleration experiments using multi-PW class lasers. For example, the multi-step etching technique, in which the etching and the microscopic observations are repeated every certain period of the chemical etching time, has been applied to laser-driven ion acceleration experiments to demonstrate a tenfold improvement in the accuracy of determination of the maximum proton energy with uncertainty E = 0.1 MeV.In the present study, to demonstrate the capability of CR-39 for precise measurements in the energy and spatial distributions of laser accelerated ions, CR-39 detectors have been applied to the laser-driven ion acceleration experiment using cluster-gas target, which consists of CO2 clusters embedded in background H2 gas, with the J-KAREN laser (1 J, 40 fs) at QST-KPSI. In order to obtain the high resolution energy spectra of each ion species, the new diagnosis method, which can separately measure the precise energy spectra of the laser-accelerated MeV/n class high-Z ions and that of MeV protons, has been developed. By a careful analysis of etch pit structures using the multi-step etching technique, the maximum energies of carbon/oxygen ions (from clusters) and protons (from background gas) were determined as 1.1±0.1 MeV and 1.6±0.1 MeV/n, respectively. The shapes of energy spectra revealed that the number of carbon/oxygen ions sharply decreased at the maximum energy and that of protons gradually decreased with increasing energy. In addition, in the same experiment series, to obtain the spatial distribution of laser-accelerated ions, CR-39 detectors were installed as to surround the laser focal spot. The CR-39 detectors, which were installed at 45̊ and 90̊ from laser propagation direction, showed a homogeneous etch pit spatial distribution. On the other hand, an inhomogeneous etch pit spatial distribution was observed on CR-39 installed at the laser propagation direction. The inhomogeneous distribution suggests that the spatial distribution of the ion beam could be modulated by the effect of electromagnetic structures created in the laser-plasma. The potential abilities of CR-39 detectors enable us to discuss the laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism based on qualitative information on laser-accelerated ions provided by the analysis of etch pit structures on CR-39 detectors, therefore, CR-39 detectors are the most Qualified Candidate detector for characterization of the laser accelerated ions.International Symposium on Ultrafast Intense Laser Science 1
Kondo Kiminori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The precise measurement of laser-accelerated ions using CR-39 detectors
2019Co-Authors: Kanasaki Masato, Jinno Satoshi, Sakaki Hironao, Kondo Kiminori, Oda Keiji, Yamauchi Tomoya, Fukuda YuujiAbstract:The laser-driven ion acceleration via the interaction of ultrashort, intense laser pulses with matter, known as laser-plasma acceleration, is featured by its high accelerating electric fields and short pulse length compared to conventional rf-accelerators. The precise quantitative characterization of laser-accelerated ion beams in both space and energy domains is a critical issue in understanding the physics of the laser-driven ion acceleration process. To characterize the ion beam, CR-39 detectors have been used for a long time in laser-driven ion acceleration experiments as the most reliable detector. This is because CR-39 detectors have the great advantage of being insensitive to high-energy photons and electrons. In addition, CR-39 detectors are robust against electromagnetic pulses (EMP) from intense laser-plasma interactions, thus, it would be suitable for the future ion acceleration experiments using multi-PW class lasers. The potential abilities of CR-39 detectors enable us to discuss the laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism based on qualitative information on laser-accelerated ions provided by the analysis of etch pit structures on CR-39 detectors. Therefore, CR-39 detectors are the most Qualified Candidate detector for characterization of the laser accelerated ions. In the poster presentation, the measurement methods for laser-accelerated ions using CR-39 detector will be discussed with the outline of the laser-driven ion acceleration experiment and the other ion beam diagnosis technique.The 12th International Workshop on Ionizing Radiation Monitorin
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The precise measurement of laser-accelerated MeV/n-class high-Z ions and protons using CR-39 detectors
2019Co-Authors: Kanasaki M., Sakaki Hironao, Kondo Kiminori, Jinno S., Oda K., Yamauchi T., Fukuda YuujiAbstract:The precise quantitative characterization of laser-accelerated ion beams in both space and energy domains is a critical issue in understanding the physics of the laser-driven ion acceleration process. To characterize the ion beam, CR-39 detectors have been used for a long time in laser-driven ion acceleration experiments as the most reliable detector. This is because CR-39 detectors have the great advantage of being insensitive to high-energy photons and electrons. In addition, CR-39 detectors are robust against electromagnetic pulses (EMP) from intense laser-plasma interactions, therefore, it would be suitable for the future ion acceleration experiments using multi-PW class lasers. For example, the multi-step etching technique, in which the etching and the microscopic observations are repeated every certain period of the chemical etching time, has been applied to laser-driven ion acceleration experiments to demonstrate a tenfold improvement in the accuracy of determination of the maximum proton energy with uncertainty E = 0.1 MeV.In the present study, to demonstrate the capability of CR-39 for precise measurements in the energy and spatial distributions of laser accelerated ions, CR-39 detectors have been applied to the laser-driven ion acceleration experiment using cluster-gas target, which consists of CO2 clusters embedded in background H2 gas, with the J-KAREN laser (1 J, 40 fs) at QST-KPSI. In order to obtain the high resolution energy spectra of each ion species, the new diagnosis method, which can separately measure the precise energy spectra of the laser-accelerated MeV/n class high-Z ions and that of MeV protons, has been developed. By a careful analysis of etch pit structures using the multi-step etching technique, the maximum energies of carbon/oxygen ions (from clusters) and protons (from background gas) were determined as 1.1±0.1 MeV and 1.6±0.1 MeV/n, respectively. The shapes of energy spectra revealed that the number of carbon/oxygen ions sharply decreased at the maximum energy and that of protons gradually decreased with increasing energy. In addition, in the same experiment series, to obtain the spatial distribution of laser-accelerated ions, CR-39 detectors were installed as to surround the laser focal spot. The CR-39 detectors, which were installed at 45̊ and 90̊ from laser propagation direction, showed a homogeneous etch pit spatial distribution. On the other hand, an inhomogeneous etch pit spatial distribution was observed on CR-39 installed at the laser propagation direction. The inhomogeneous distribution suggests that the spatial distribution of the ion beam could be modulated by the effect of electromagnetic structures created in the laser-plasma. The potential abilities of CR-39 detectors enable us to discuss the laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism based on qualitative information on laser-accelerated ions provided by the analysis of etch pit structures on CR-39 detectors, therefore, CR-39 detectors are the most Qualified Candidate detector for characterization of the laser accelerated ions.International Symposium on Ultrafast Intense Laser Science 1
