The Experts below are selected from a list of 78 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robert Dubrow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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explaining the Race Difference in prostate cancer stage at diagnosis
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2008Co-Authors: Beth A Jones, Andre B Araujo, Stanislav V Kasl, Stephanie Navarro A Silvera, Hosanna Solervila, Mary Mccrea G Curnen, Robert DubrowAbstract:Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in males in the United States, accounting for an estimated 186,320 new cases in 2008. There are striking racial or ethnic Differences in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States, with Black males 1.6 times more likely to be diagnosed and 2.4 times more likely to die with prostate cancer than Whites. Stage at diagnosis is a key prognostic factor for prostate cancer survival, with African-Americans generally diagnosed at a more advanced stage. To identify factors that explain the Race-stage disparity in prostate cancer, we conducted a population-based case-case study of 251 African-American (46%) and White (54%) prostate cancer cases diagnosed in Connecticut between January 1987 and October 1990. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify potential explanatory factors, including clinical, sociodemographic, medical care, insurance, digital rectal examination screening history, and lifestyle factors. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the impact of study variables on Race Differences in long-term survival. Modifiable factors such as screening practice and sociodemographic factors accounted for >60% of the Race Difference in prostate cancer stage at diagnosis. Histologic grade (Gleason score) accounted for comparatively less. Survival analyses confirmed the importance of tumor characteristics, education, and insurance in explaining observed Race Differences in survival. Although cases were identified before the widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, the results should also be relevant to countries that have large underserved populations and/or disparities in access to medical care and cancer screening. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(10):2825–34)
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can mammography screening explain the Race Difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer
Society for Epidemiologic Research. Annual meeting, 1995Co-Authors: Beth A Jones, Stanislav V Kasl, Mary Mccrea G Curnen, Patricia H Owens, Robert DubrowAbstract:Background. A Race Difference in the stage at diagnosis of breast cancer is well established : African American women are less likely than white women to be diagnosed at a localized stage. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the observed Race (black/ white) Difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer could be accounted for by Race Differences in the mammography screening history. Methods. This was a population-based, retrospective study of 145 African American and 177 white women with newly diagnosed breast cancer in Connecticut, between January, 1987 and March, 1989. Cases were ascertained through active surveillance of 22 Connecticut hospitals. Results. Black women were diagnosed more commonly with later stage cancer (TNM stage ≥II) (age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval[CI] 1.24-3.24) than were white women. Blacks were also more likely than whites to report that they had not received a mammogram in the 3 years before development of symptoms or diagnosis (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.26-3.35) ; this association was not altered substantially with adjustment for socioeconomic status. In Race-specific analyses, mammography was protective against later stage diagnosis in white women, but not in black women. With adjustment for mammography screening, the OR for the Race-stage association was reduced only minimally, and Race remained a significant predictor of stage at diagnosis. Conclusions. In these population-based data, history of mammography screening was not an important explanatory variable in the Race-stage association. Specifically, history of mammographic screening accounted for less than 10% of the observed black/white Difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Cancer1995 ;75 : 2103-13.
Beth A Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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explaining the Race Difference in prostate cancer stage at diagnosis
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2008Co-Authors: Beth A Jones, Andre B Araujo, Stanislav V Kasl, Stephanie Navarro A Silvera, Hosanna Solervila, Mary Mccrea G Curnen, Robert DubrowAbstract:Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in males in the United States, accounting for an estimated 186,320 new cases in 2008. There are striking racial or ethnic Differences in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States, with Black males 1.6 times more likely to be diagnosed and 2.4 times more likely to die with prostate cancer than Whites. Stage at diagnosis is a key prognostic factor for prostate cancer survival, with African-Americans generally diagnosed at a more advanced stage. To identify factors that explain the Race-stage disparity in prostate cancer, we conducted a population-based case-case study of 251 African-American (46%) and White (54%) prostate cancer cases diagnosed in Connecticut between January 1987 and October 1990. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify potential explanatory factors, including clinical, sociodemographic, medical care, insurance, digital rectal examination screening history, and lifestyle factors. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the impact of study variables on Race Differences in long-term survival. Modifiable factors such as screening practice and sociodemographic factors accounted for >60% of the Race Difference in prostate cancer stage at diagnosis. Histologic grade (Gleason score) accounted for comparatively less. Survival analyses confirmed the importance of tumor characteristics, education, and insurance in explaining observed Race Differences in survival. Although cases were identified before the widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, the results should also be relevant to countries that have large underserved populations and/or disparities in access to medical care and cancer screening. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(10):2825–34)
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can mammography screening explain the Race Difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer
Society for Epidemiologic Research. Annual meeting, 1995Co-Authors: Beth A Jones, Stanislav V Kasl, Mary Mccrea G Curnen, Patricia H Owens, Robert DubrowAbstract:Background. A Race Difference in the stage at diagnosis of breast cancer is well established : African American women are less likely than white women to be diagnosed at a localized stage. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the observed Race (black/ white) Difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer could be accounted for by Race Differences in the mammography screening history. Methods. This was a population-based, retrospective study of 145 African American and 177 white women with newly diagnosed breast cancer in Connecticut, between January, 1987 and March, 1989. Cases were ascertained through active surveillance of 22 Connecticut hospitals. Results. Black women were diagnosed more commonly with later stage cancer (TNM stage ≥II) (age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval[CI] 1.24-3.24) than were white women. Blacks were also more likely than whites to report that they had not received a mammogram in the 3 years before development of symptoms or diagnosis (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.26-3.35) ; this association was not altered substantially with adjustment for socioeconomic status. In Race-specific analyses, mammography was protective against later stage diagnosis in white women, but not in black women. With adjustment for mammography screening, the OR for the Race-stage association was reduced only minimally, and Race remained a significant predictor of stage at diagnosis. Conclusions. In these population-based data, history of mammography screening was not an important explanatory variable in the Race-stage association. Specifically, history of mammographic screening accounted for less than 10% of the observed black/white Difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Cancer1995 ;75 : 2103-13.
Elise M Clerkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationship characteristics and sexual risk taking in young men who have sex with men
Health Psychology, 2011Co-Authors: Brian Mustanski, Michael E Newcomb, Elise M ClerkinAbstract:The vast majority of HIV transmissions occur in the context of a sexual dyad (CDC, 2010b), but most research is focused on individuals as the unit of analysis (Karney, et al., 2010; Zea, Reisen, Poppen, & Bianchi, 2009). Recent research has highlighted the value of considering relationship factors as predictors of HIV transmission and as the unit for intervention. Sullivan and colleagues (2009) reported that among men who have sex with men (MSM) 68% of HIV transmissions were in the context of a main sex partnership, which is defined by the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System as “someone who you feel committed to above all others” (p. 1155). This was contrasted with only 32% of HIV transmissions in the context of casual sex partnerships, which contradicted traditional thinking that casual relationships should be the unit for interventions among MSM. Disparities in HIV prevalence between Black and White MSM have also been poorly explained by individual behavior (Millett, Flores, Peterson, & Bakeman, 2007), and one study of young MSM aged 23-29 found that partner characteristics partially accounted for the Race Difference (Bingham et al., 2003). In particular, this research indicated that having had an older, Black male partner helped to explain the racial disparity in HIV rates. Taken together, these studies illustrate the value of research on characteristics of relationships and partners that may be related to HIV risk. The current study explored the effects of relationship and partner characteristics on the frequency of unprotected sex among young MSM, who account for nearly 70% of all new HIV/AIDS diagnoses among all adolescents and young adults in the U.S. (CDC, 2010a). The CDC has estimated that HIV diagnosis rates among MSM are 60 times the rate in other men and 54 times the rate in women (Purcell et al., 2010). Furthermore, young MSM (ages 13 to 24) showed the highest increase in new infections between 2001 and 2006 (CDC, 2008), with a 93% increase among young Black MSM. Our approach in the current study builds on prior work showing that HIV risk behaviors differ not only between individuals, but also across relationships and occasions of sex (e.g., Cooper, 2010; Mustanski, 2007; Zea et al., 2009). These studies have demonstrated that the majority of variability in condom use is within individuals, who may have protected sex with one partner but engage in unprotected sex with a different partner or in a different context. Here we focused on the sexual partnership as the unit of analyses; our approach extends the methodology used in past cross-sectional studies of adult MSM by using a longitudinal design that allowed for the inclusion of more partnerships over a longer timeframe (e.g., Zea et al., 2009). Past studies have also generally focused on one relationship factor at a time (Gorbach & Holmes, 2003), and we extended that work by simultaneously considering multiple relationship and partner characteristics, thereby estimating the relative importance of each factor when considered in conjunction with other factors.
Karin L Brewster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Race Differences in sexual activity among adolescent women role of neighborhood characteristics
American Sociological Review, 1994Co-Authors: Karin L BrewsterAbstract:A sociologist applied individual and aggregate-level 1982 data on 11620 observations and 1180 first intercourse events to multivariate hazard models to examine the role of neighborhood characteristics in determining racial Differences in nonmarital sexual activity of US adolescents. The hypothesis is that racially-differentiated community environments generate and maintain Race Differences in fertility-related behaviors. The dependent variable is risk of nonmarital first intercourse. Socioeconomic status of the neighborhood (p < 0.05) and labor market experiences of neighborhood women (p < 0.001) were very important determinants of the strong Race Difference in risk of first intercourse. Both white and black female adolescents were more likely to have nonmarital sexual intercourse when the potential consequences of this sexual activity (as evidenced by the economic characteristics of the neighborhood and the experiences and behaviors of neighborhood adults) appeared rather low. When these potential costs appeared high however they tended to delay first intercourse. There were no cross-level Race interactions suggesting that black and white female teens respond alike to structural constraints and opportunities. These findings indicate that Race Differences in adolescent sexual activity and its negative consequences will continue as long as the US has segregated housing patterns.
Mary Mccrea G Curnen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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explaining the Race Difference in prostate cancer stage at diagnosis
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2008Co-Authors: Beth A Jones, Andre B Araujo, Stanislav V Kasl, Stephanie Navarro A Silvera, Hosanna Solervila, Mary Mccrea G Curnen, Robert DubrowAbstract:Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in males in the United States, accounting for an estimated 186,320 new cases in 2008. There are striking racial or ethnic Differences in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States, with Black males 1.6 times more likely to be diagnosed and 2.4 times more likely to die with prostate cancer than Whites. Stage at diagnosis is a key prognostic factor for prostate cancer survival, with African-Americans generally diagnosed at a more advanced stage. To identify factors that explain the Race-stage disparity in prostate cancer, we conducted a population-based case-case study of 251 African-American (46%) and White (54%) prostate cancer cases diagnosed in Connecticut between January 1987 and October 1990. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify potential explanatory factors, including clinical, sociodemographic, medical care, insurance, digital rectal examination screening history, and lifestyle factors. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the impact of study variables on Race Differences in long-term survival. Modifiable factors such as screening practice and sociodemographic factors accounted for >60% of the Race Difference in prostate cancer stage at diagnosis. Histologic grade (Gleason score) accounted for comparatively less. Survival analyses confirmed the importance of tumor characteristics, education, and insurance in explaining observed Race Differences in survival. Although cases were identified before the widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, the results should also be relevant to countries that have large underserved populations and/or disparities in access to medical care and cancer screening. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(10):2825–34)
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can mammography screening explain the Race Difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer
Society for Epidemiologic Research. Annual meeting, 1995Co-Authors: Beth A Jones, Stanislav V Kasl, Mary Mccrea G Curnen, Patricia H Owens, Robert DubrowAbstract:Background. A Race Difference in the stage at diagnosis of breast cancer is well established : African American women are less likely than white women to be diagnosed at a localized stage. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the observed Race (black/ white) Difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer could be accounted for by Race Differences in the mammography screening history. Methods. This was a population-based, retrospective study of 145 African American and 177 white women with newly diagnosed breast cancer in Connecticut, between January, 1987 and March, 1989. Cases were ascertained through active surveillance of 22 Connecticut hospitals. Results. Black women were diagnosed more commonly with later stage cancer (TNM stage ≥II) (age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval[CI] 1.24-3.24) than were white women. Blacks were also more likely than whites to report that they had not received a mammogram in the 3 years before development of symptoms or diagnosis (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.26-3.35) ; this association was not altered substantially with adjustment for socioeconomic status. In Race-specific analyses, mammography was protective against later stage diagnosis in white women, but not in black women. With adjustment for mammography screening, the OR for the Race-stage association was reduced only minimally, and Race remained a significant predictor of stage at diagnosis. Conclusions. In these population-based data, history of mammography screening was not an important explanatory variable in the Race-stage association. Specifically, history of mammographic screening accounted for less than 10% of the observed black/white Difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Cancer1995 ;75 : 2103-13.
