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B. Wende - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The electron storage ring BESSY as a primary standard source - a radiometric comparison with a cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer in the visible
Metrologia, 1995Co-Authors: R Thornagel, Joachim Fischer, G Ulm, R Friedrich, M Stock, B. WendeAbstract:The electron storage ring BESSY in Berlin is used as a primary standard source with a calculable spectral Radiant Power from the near-infrared to the x-ray region. In order to reduce the uncertainties of the realized Radiant Power scale, improvements have been made in the measurement of the electron beam current and in the instrumentation of the radiometry laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Diffraction at the stray light aperture stops in the beam line, stray light and fluorescence of the exit window were investigated in the visible. Thus, the spectral Radiant Power can now be realized with a relative uncertainty (1σ level) of 3 × 10-3 at a photon energy of 15 keV in vacuum and of 8 × 10-4 in the visible in air behind an exit window. To investigate the agreement with other well-established radiometric primary standards, BESSY was compared in the visible with the highly accurate laser-based cryogenic radiometer of the PTB Berlin, using two filter radiometers (centre wavelengths 676 nm and 800 nm) as transfer standards. The results of four comparison runs confirm the uncertainty of the realized Radiant Power scale of BESSY in the visible.
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A beam line for Radiant Power measurements of vacuum ultraviolet and ultraviolet sources in the wavelength range 40–400 nm
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1992Co-Authors: Jörg Hollandt, M. Kühne, W. Jans, F. Lindenlauf, B. WendeAbstract:The Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is operating a radiometric laboratory at the Berlin electron storage ring BESSY. In this laboratory a new instrumentation has been set up for the characterization of sources in the wavelength range from 40 to 400 nm. The spectral Radiant Power of the storage ring can be calculated from the knowledge of the storage ring parameters, allowing the use of BESSY as a primary radiometric standard source. The unknown spectral Radiant Power of a source under investigation is determined by comparison with the calculable spectral Radiant Power of BESSY. A concave mirror is imaging either the tangent point of the storage ring, or the vacuum ultraviolet source under investigation, into the entrance slit of a 1‐m, 15° McPherson‐type monochromator. In order to account for the polarization property the complete optical instrumentation can be rotated around its optical axis. Measurements have been performed with the optical plane of the instrumentation parallel and perpendic...
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a beam line for Radiant Power measurements of vacuum ultraviolet and ultraviolet sources in the wavelength range 40 400 nm
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1992Co-Authors: Jörg Hollandt, M. Kühne, W. Jans, F. Lindenlauf, B. WendeAbstract:The Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is operating a radiometric laboratory at the Berlin electron storage ring BESSY. In this laboratory a new instrumentation has been set up for the characterization of sources in the wavelength range from 40 to 400 nm. The spectral Radiant Power of the storage ring can be calculated from the knowledge of the storage ring parameters, allowing the use of BESSY as a primary radiometric standard source. The unknown spectral Radiant Power of a source under investigation is determined by comparison with the calculable spectral Radiant Power of BESSY. A concave mirror is imaging either the tangent point of the storage ring, or the vacuum ultraviolet source under investigation, into the entrance slit of a 1‐m, 15° McPherson‐type monochromator. In order to account for the polarization property the complete optical instrumentation can be rotated around its optical axis. Measurements have been performed with the optical plane of the instrumentation parallel and perpendic...
G Ulm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from single photons to milliwatt Radiant Power electron storage rings as radiation sources with a high dynamic range
Metrologia, 2010Co-Authors: R Klein, R Thornagel, G UlmAbstract:The spectral Radiant intensity of synchrotron radiation from electron storage rings can be calculated from basic electrodynamic relations (Schwinger equation) and it is directly proportional to the stored electron beam current, i.e. the number of stored electrons. With the necessary equipment installed to measure and control the electron beam current over a wide dynamic range, the Radiant intensity of the synchrotron radiation can be adjusted accordingly without changing the spectrum.This is done, e.g., at the Metrology Light Source (MLS), the dedicated electron storage ring of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. The MLS is operated as a primary radiation source standard from the near IR up to the soft x-ray region and its operational parameters can be adjusted and accurately measured in a wide range: the electron beam current can be varied from 1?pA (one stored electron) up to 200?mA and thus the Radiant intensity can be changed by more than 11 decades. The photon flux or Radiant Power for typical angular acceptances can thus be varied from single photons to milliwatts. This is a very Powerful tool, e.g., for the characterization of the linearity of the response of radiation detectors or for the calibration of photon counting detectors. In this article we present an overview of past, current and possible future activities exploiting this feature.
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The electron storage ring BESSY as a primary standard source - a radiometric comparison with a cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer in the visible
Metrologia, 1995Co-Authors: R Thornagel, Joachim Fischer, G Ulm, R Friedrich, M Stock, B. WendeAbstract:The electron storage ring BESSY in Berlin is used as a primary standard source with a calculable spectral Radiant Power from the near-infrared to the x-ray region. In order to reduce the uncertainties of the realized Radiant Power scale, improvements have been made in the measurement of the electron beam current and in the instrumentation of the radiometry laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Diffraction at the stray light aperture stops in the beam line, stray light and fluorescence of the exit window were investigated in the visible. Thus, the spectral Radiant Power can now be realized with a relative uncertainty (1σ level) of 3 × 10-3 at a photon energy of 15 keV in vacuum and of 8 × 10-4 in the visible in air behind an exit window. To investigate the agreement with other well-established radiometric primary standards, BESSY was compared in the visible with the highly accurate laser-based cryogenic radiometer of the PTB Berlin, using two filter radiometers (centre wavelengths 676 nm and 800 nm) as transfer standards. The results of four comparison runs confirm the uncertainty of the realized Radiant Power scale of BESSY in the visible.
Tsuginori Inaba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Radiation Component in Wavelength Emitted from High Temperature Argon
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2005Co-Authors: Toru Iwao, Tsuginori Inaba, S. Honda, Motoshige YumotoAbstract:Summary form only given. When a reduction of the waste and dissolution of the iron are carried out by using a high temperature medium, the Radiant Power emitted from the medium should be suppressed. On the contrary, it is useful for lighting and treatment of hazardous wastes because it has a highly intense Radiant energy. In this paper, we tried to calculate the number density and Radiant Power density under consideration of atmospheric high temperature pure argon (Ar) which is frequently used for a plasma arc to know the basic theory of Radiant Power density for the development of the plasma treatment by using Radiant Power. The number density and Radiant Power density of Ar I-Ar III are calculated with each rays and wavelength at 1000-30000 K and 200 nm-9 mum in wavelength. The total radiation Power density increases with increasing the temperature. The continuum spectrum of Ar I increases up to 14000 K with increasing the temperature, however, it decreases after 14000 K. The continuum spectrum of Ar II is ten times as high as the line spectrum of Ar I. The line and continuum spectrum of Ar III increases with increasing the temperature, and the value is level off at 26,000 K. The recombination radiation of Ar II-ufb and Ar III-ufb is higher than the bremsstrahlung Ar II-uff and Ar III-uff at 15000 K. The bremsstrahlung emitted from Ar I-uff is dominant in the continuum spectrum of Ar I. The u-Ar II is higher than u-Ar I and u-Ar I in UV rays. However, the u-Ar I reverses u-Ar II in IR rays. The Ar II-ufb is higher than other continuum spectrum. Therefore, the recombination radiation is dominant with wavelength. The UV rays is to be 50% and the UV and VR:visible rays are dominant. Most UV and VR rays are emitted from Ar II-ufb. Therefore, the radiation emitted from the UV rays of argon is dominant due to recombination radiation. Therefore, the radiation emitted from argon could apply to waste treatment because of highly intense UV rays
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Development of highly intense Radiant Power equipment with a semi-oval reflector
Vacuum, 2004Co-Authors: Toru Iwao, Yukie Inoue, Hiroshi Kanda, Tsuginori InabaAbstract:Abstract The plasma arc has many useful characteristics such as high temperature, highly intense radiation and high current. Therefore, it is broadly applied in the industrial world for applications in material processing, lighting, and waste treatment. It is useful for lighting and plasma treatment of hazardous wastes because it has a highly intense radiation. In this paper, we tried to measure the collected temperature at the focus. A highly intense Radiant Power equipment with a semi-oval reflector has been developed in order to understand the basic characteristics. The temperature at the focus and its distribution in the argon-filled chamber are measured as a function of the current. The temperature increases in proportion to the current, and the maximum temperature at the focus is 407°C at 125 A current and 0.02 m arc length.
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Temperature and Radiant Power emitted from DC horizontal short free arc discharge mixtured with tungsten vapor
The 30th International Conference on Plasma Science 2003. ICOPS 2003. IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts., 2003Co-Authors: Toru Iwao, Yukie Inoue, Tsuginori InabaAbstract:The temperature of the arc discharge in air was measured by the spectrometer and the Radiant Power of the DC horizontal free arc between tungsten electrodes was measured with a spectroscope and a Power meter at 20-50 A of the arc current, 0.1 MPa in pressure. As a result, it was calculated that the W I was bigger than the nitrogen spectral line N I when the temperature was less than 10,000 K. The total Radiant Power density is estimated to be about 10/sup 10/ W/(m/sup 3/sr) at 6,000-10,000 K, 38-5030000 nm in wavelength region. The Radiant Power density emitted from W I is higher than N I, N II, O I, O II. The Radiant Power, /spl Phi/(W) (300 nm-30 /spl mu/m), in case of the point light source of Radiant Power emitted from DC horizontal short free arc discharge mixtured tungsten vapor as functions of current, 860 W(30 A) 1,480 W(50 A)2,100 W(70 A), and increase in proportion to the 1.06th Power of the current. This value is more less than wall-stabilized arc The Radiant energy /spl Phi//sub E/(kJ)(300 nm-30 /spl mu/m) in case of the point light source of Radiant Power emitted from DC horizontal short free arc discharge mixtured Tungsten Vapor as functions of current and in-put energy is 27 kJ(35 kJ), 35 kJ(45 kJ), 43 kJ(55 kJ), and increase in proportion to the 1.06th Power of the in-put Power. The Radiant efficiency is extremely high level about 80% as white light. This value is considered as champion data, because it is double than gases only The temperature of free arc mixtured tungsten is estimated about 5,500 K-5,600 K at 30, 50, 70 A by using line pair method. These temperatures are almost same value even if the current changes When the current increases, the effect of arc expanse to radius direction is stronger than increment of temperature in case of free arc It is considered that the energy of arc becomes the increment. of radius, because there are no influences of the wall and the gases for radius The Radiant Power increases in proportion to the 1.06th Power of the current. This value is half of the wall-stabilized arc Because the free arc doesn't have the restriction of radius, the radius increases to expand to radius direction. The arc radius increases in proportion to the square root of the current in case of constant of current density.
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Temperature and Radiant Power emitted from DC Free Arc mixed with Tungsten Vapor in Air
Ieej Transactions on Power and Energy, 2003Co-Authors: Toru Iwao, Hirokazu Miyazaki, Hideyuki Yoshida, Yoshitaka Yamaguchi, Yukie Inoue, Jinichi Mizuno, Tsuginori InabaAbstract:The Radiant Power emitted from a high temperature medium is useful for lighting and treatment of hazardous waste because it has a highly intense radiation. In this paper, we tried to measure the temperature and Radiant Power of DC free arc mixed with tungsten vapor between tungsten electrodes with a spectroscope and a Power meter in air and calculate the Radiant efficiency and Radiant Power density to know the fundamental relationship between the temperature and Radiant Power and to apply it to the lighting and plasma treatment. The Radiant Power was measured to be about 860—2, 100W at 30—70A in current, and the Radiant energy was calculated to be about 27—43kJ at 35—55kJ in electrical input energy, and increases in proportion to the 1.06th Power of the input energy. The temperature was measured to be about 9, 000K at 30 and 50A and to be 6, 400K at 70A. The Radiant efficiency is up to 80%. The temperature was same value in different currents under 50A, even if the radius of free arc at 50A could be bigger than that at 30A. When the current is increased from 50A, the temperature is decreased. But the Radiant Power density is almost same value at 9, 000K(50A) and 6, 400K(70A) at mixture ratio of W: XW = 2.5%. So, it is assumed that the Radiant Power depends on the radius. The logarithmic slope of the current for the Radiant Power was lower than that in case of the wall-stabilized model and torch plasma, because the Radiant Power depended on the radius and temperature of the arc.
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Radiant Power with absorption emitted from line spectrum of high temperature air contaminated tungsten vapor
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (Cat. No.02CH37340), 2002Co-Authors: Toru Iwao, Yukie Inoue, Jinichi Mizuno, Tsuginori InabaAbstract:Summary form only given, as follows. When a reduction of the waste and dissolution of the iron are carried out by using a high temperature medium, the Radiant Power emitted from it should be suppressed. On the contrary, it is useful for lightning and treatment of hazardous waste because it has a highly intense radiation. In this paper, we tried to calculate the mass density and Radiant Power density emitted from atmospheric air contaminated with tungsten vapor to apply the Radiant Power to treatment of hazardous wastes. The contaminated mol ratio of W/N/sub 2//O/sub 2/ is considered as 5%/76%/19%, because it is assumed that the high temperature air contaminated with tungsten is generated by free arc discharge of 1,700 W. The W is dominant in the mass density and Radiant Power density from 6,000 to 10,000 K. And then, the Radiant Power densities with absorption are calculated. The W is still dominant in the Radiant Power density even if with absorption. On the other hand, the N and O decrease if the absorption is considered. At the end, the application of the Radiant 'Power emitted from high temperature atmospheric air with tungsten vapor is proposed.
R Thornagel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from single photons to milliwatt Radiant Power electron storage rings as radiation sources with a high dynamic range
Metrologia, 2010Co-Authors: R Klein, R Thornagel, G UlmAbstract:The spectral Radiant intensity of synchrotron radiation from electron storage rings can be calculated from basic electrodynamic relations (Schwinger equation) and it is directly proportional to the stored electron beam current, i.e. the number of stored electrons. With the necessary equipment installed to measure and control the electron beam current over a wide dynamic range, the Radiant intensity of the synchrotron radiation can be adjusted accordingly without changing the spectrum.This is done, e.g., at the Metrology Light Source (MLS), the dedicated electron storage ring of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. The MLS is operated as a primary radiation source standard from the near IR up to the soft x-ray region and its operational parameters can be adjusted and accurately measured in a wide range: the electron beam current can be varied from 1?pA (one stored electron) up to 200?mA and thus the Radiant intensity can be changed by more than 11 decades. The photon flux or Radiant Power for typical angular acceptances can thus be varied from single photons to milliwatts. This is a very Powerful tool, e.g., for the characterization of the linearity of the response of radiation detectors or for the calibration of photon counting detectors. In this article we present an overview of past, current and possible future activities exploiting this feature.
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The electron storage ring BESSY as a primary standard source - a radiometric comparison with a cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer in the visible
Metrologia, 1995Co-Authors: R Thornagel, Joachim Fischer, G Ulm, R Friedrich, M Stock, B. WendeAbstract:The electron storage ring BESSY in Berlin is used as a primary standard source with a calculable spectral Radiant Power from the near-infrared to the x-ray region. In order to reduce the uncertainties of the realized Radiant Power scale, improvements have been made in the measurement of the electron beam current and in the instrumentation of the radiometry laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Diffraction at the stray light aperture stops in the beam line, stray light and fluorescence of the exit window were investigated in the visible. Thus, the spectral Radiant Power can now be realized with a relative uncertainty (1σ level) of 3 × 10-3 at a photon energy of 15 keV in vacuum and of 8 × 10-4 in the visible in air behind an exit window. To investigate the agreement with other well-established radiometric primary standards, BESSY was compared in the visible with the highly accurate laser-based cryogenic radiometer of the PTB Berlin, using two filter radiometers (centre wavelengths 676 nm and 800 nm) as transfer standards. The results of four comparison runs confirm the uncertainty of the realized Radiant Power scale of BESSY in the visible.
Ichiro Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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uncertainty of Radiant Power calibration based on synchrotron radiation caused by spectral distribution and polarization state
SRI 2009 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, 2010Co-Authors: Tatsuya Zama, Ichiro SaitoAbstract:We have been attempting to establish an absolute scale of spectral radiance in ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet regions by using synchrotron radiation as a primary standard light source and also attempting to transfer the absolute scale to an under‐test light source by comparing the under‐test source with synchrotron radiation. The calibration apparatus does not function as ideal comparator because some properties of incident radiation, which are spectral distribution and polarization state, are different between synchrotron radiation and the under‐test light source, and the signal of the apparatus accordingly depends on not only spectral Radiant Power but also depends on the properties of the incident radiation. We evaluated how the detector signal ratio was affected by the difference both experimentally and theoretically, and also evaluated the uncertainty of the scale transfer caused by the difference.
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A new method for determining absolute spectral Radiant Power of ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet radiation
2008 SICE Annual Conference, 2008Co-Authors: Tatsuya Zama, Ichiro SaitoAbstract:A spectral Radiant Power scale based on a synchrotron radiation has been established for ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet radiations. The absolute spectral Radiant Power of an under-test light source was determined by comparing the Radiant Power of the under-test source with that of the synchrotron radiation by using an optical system. Polarization state of synchrotron radiation is extremely different from that of the under-test source, and hence we introduced a special polarimeter for evaluating the polarization dependence of the optical system. We determined the absolute spectral Radiant Power of an under-test light source and evaluated the uncertainty of it.
