The Experts below are selected from a list of 4998 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas M Seed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
pharmacological management of ionizing Radiation Injuries current and prospective agents and targeted organ systems
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020Co-Authors: Vijay K Singh, Thomas M SeedAbstract:Introduction: There is a limited array of currently available medicinals that are useful for either the prevention, mitigation or treatment of bodily Injuries arising from ionizing Radiation exposure.Area covered: In this brief article, the authors review those pharmacologic agents that either are currently being used to counter the injurious effects of Radiation exposure, or those that show promise and are currently under development.Expert opinion: Although significant, but limited progress has been made in the development and fielding of safe and effective pharmacotherapeutics for select types of acute Radiation-associated Injuries, additional effort is needed to broaden the scope of drug development so that overall health risks associated with both short- and long-term Injuries in various organ systems can be reduced and effectively managed. There are several promising Radiation countermeasures that may gain regulatory approval from the government in the near future for use in clinical settings and in the aftermath of nuclear/radiological exposure contingencies.
-
medical management of the acute Radiation syndrome recommendations of the strategic national stockpile Radiation working group
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Jamie K Waselenko, Thomas J Macvittie, William F Blakely, Nicki Pesik, Albert L Wiley, William E Dickerson, Horace Tsu, Dennis L Confer, Norman C Coleman, Thomas M SeedAbstract:Physicians, hospitals, and other health care facilities will assume the responsibility for aiding individuals injured by a terrorist act involving radioactive material. Scenarios have been developed for such acts that include a range of exposures resulting in few to many casualties. This consensus document was developed by the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group to provide a framework for physicians in internal medicine and the medical subspecialties to evaluate and manage large-scale Radiation Injuries. Individual Radiation dose is assessed by determining the time to onset and severity of nausea and vomiting, decline in absolute lymphocyte count over several hours or days after exposure, and appearance of chromosome aberrations (including dicentrics and ring forms) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Documentation of clinical signs and symptoms (affecting the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and cutaneous systems) over time is essential for triage of victims, selection of therapy, and assignment of prognosis. Recommendations based on Radiation dose and physiologic response are made for treatment of the hematopoietic syndrome. Therapy includes treatment with hematopoietic cytokines; blood transfusion; and, in selected cases, stem-cell transplantation. Additional medical management based on the evolution of clinical signs and symptoms includes the use of antimicrobial agents (quinolones, antiviral therapy, and antifungal agents), antiemetic agents, and analgesic agents. Because of the strong psychological impact of a possible Radiation exposure, psychosocial support will be required for those exposed, regardless of the dose, as well as for family and friends. Treatment of pregnant women must account for risk to the fetus. For terrorist or accidental events involving exposure to radioiodines, prophylaxis against malignant disease of the thyroid is also recommended, particularly for children and adolescents.
-
new strategies for the prevention of Radiation injury possible implications for countering Radiation hazards of long term space travel
Journal of Radiation Research, 2002Co-Authors: Thomas M Seed, Sree Kumar, Mark H Whitnall, Venkataraman Srinivasan, Vijay K Singh, Thomas B Elliott, Michael R Landauer, Alexandra C Miller, C M Chang, Cyndi InalAbstract:New strategies for the prevention of Radiation Injuries are currently being explored with the ultimate aim of developing globally radioprotective, nontoxic pharmacologics. The prophylactic treatments under review encompass such diverse pharmacologic classes as novel immunomodulators, nutritional antioxidants, and cytokines. An immunomodulator that shows promise is 5-androstenediol (AED), a well-tolerated, long-acting androstene steroid with broad-spectrum radioprotective attributes that include not only protection against acute tissue injury, but also reduced susceptibility to infectious agents, as well as reduced rates of neoplastic transformation. Other potentially useful radioprotectants currently under study include the nutraceutical vitamin E and analogs, a chemically-engineered cytokine, interleukin-1beta, and a sustained-release formulation of an aminothiol, amifostine. Results suggest that a new paradigm is evolving for the prophylaxes of Radiation Injuries, based on use of newly identified, nontoxic, broad-spectrum prophylactic agents whose protective action may be leveraged by subsequent postexposure use of cytokines with organ-specific reparative functions.
Saijun Fan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
caloric restriction alleviates Radiation Injuries in a sex dependent fashion
The FASEB Journal, 2021Co-Authors: Jiali Dong, Huiwen Xiao, Shuqin Zhang, Bin Wang, Saijun Fan, Zhiyuan Chen, Yuxiao Jin, Ming CuiAbstract:Safe and effective regimens are still needed given the risk of Radiation toxicity from iatrogenic irRadiation. The gut microbiota plays an important role in Radiation damage. Diet has emerged as a key determinant of the intestinal microbiome signature and function. In this report, we investigated whether a 30% caloric restriction (CR) diet may ameliorate Radiation enteritis and hematopoietic toxicity. Experimental mice were either fed ad libitum (AL) or subjected to CR preconditioning for 10 days and then exposed to total body irRadiation (TBI) or total abdominal irRadiation (TAI). Gross examinations showed that short-term CR pretreatment restored hematogenic organs and improved the intestinal architecture in both male and female mice. Intriguingly, CR preconditioning mitigated Radiation-induced systemic and enteric inflammation in female mice, while gut barrier function improved in irradiated males. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that the frequency of pro-inflammatory microbes, including Helicobacter and Desulfovibrionaceae, was reduced in female mice after 10 days of CR preconditioning, while an enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibaculum, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillus, was observed in males. Using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or antibiotic administration to alter the gut microbiota counteracted the short-term CR-elicited Radiation tolerance of both male and female mice, further indicating that the radioprotection of a 30% CR diet depends on altering the gut microbiota. Together, our findings provide new insights into CR in clinical applications and indicate that a short-term CR diet prior to Radiation modulates sex-specific gut microbiota configurations, protecting male and female mice against the side effects caused by Radiation challenge.
-
caloric restriction alleviates Radiation Injuries in a sex dependent fashion
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Jiali Dong, Ming Cui, Huiwen Xiao, Shuqin Zhang, Bin Wang, Zhiyuan Chen, Yuxiao Jin, Saijun FanAbstract:Background: There remain unmet clinical needs for safe and effective regimen to fight against Radiation Injuries from medical irRadiation or accidental exposure. Intestinal microbes play important roles in Radiation damage. Diet is an efficacious mediator to educate the gut microbiota directly. Methods: In this case, we investigated whether 30% reduced calorie might ameliorate Radiation enteritis and hematopoietic toxicity. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were either fed ad libitum (AL) or caloric restriction (CR) preconditioning for 10-day and then exposed to total body Radiation (TBI) or total abdominal Radiation (TAI). Findings: Gross examinations showed that short-term CR pretreatment restored hematogenic organs and improved intestinal architecture in both sexes of mice. Intriguingly, CR mitigated Radiation-induced systemic and enteric inflammations in females, while the gut barrier function improved in irradiated male mice. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed and showed that after 10-day of CR preconditioning, proinflammatory microbes including Helicobacter and Desulfovibrionaceae were lessened in female mice, while an enrichment of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria such as Faecalibaculum, Clostridiales and Lactobacillus was observed in males. Gut flora shifts by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or antibiotic administration counteracted CR-elicited Radiation tolerance of both male and female mice, further demonstrated that the radioprotection of CR depends on the CR-restructured sex-specific gut microbiota configuration. Interpretation: Together, our findings provide new insights into CR in clinical applications, and indicate that short-term CR diet prior to Radiation modulates the gut microbiota in a sex-dependent fashion, protecting male and female patients against the side effects caused by accidental or iatrogenic Radiation challenge. Funding: Natural Science Foundation of China [81730086, 81872555, 82003399]; Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Tianjin [20JCJQJC00100]; Drug Innovation Major Project of China [2018ZX09711001-007-008]. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The animal use protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee (AEWC)
-
gut commensal derived valeric acid protects against Radiation Injuries
Gut microbes, 2020Co-Authors: Jiali Dong, Ming Cui, Huiwen Xiao, Shuqin Zhang, Bin Wang, Saijun FanAbstract:Hematopoietic and intestinal systems side effects are frequently found in patients who suffered from accidental or medical Radiation exposure. In this case, we investigated the effects of gut micro...
-
sexual dimorphism of gut microbiota dictates therapeutics efficacy of Radiation Injuries
Advanced Science, 2019Co-Authors: Ming Cui, Huiwen Xiao, Shuqin Zhang, Jiali Dong, Bin Wang, Changchun Zhu, Mian Jiang, Tong Zhu, Haichao Wang, Saijun FanAbstract:Accidental or iatrogenic ionizing Radiation exposure precipitates acute and chronic Radiation Injuries. The traditional paradigm of mitigating radiotherapy-associated adverse side effects has ignored the gender-specific dimorphism of patients' divergent responses. Here, the effects of sexual dimorphism on curative efficiencies of therapeutic agents is examined in murine models of irRadiation injury. Oral gavage of simvastatin ameliorates Radiation-induced hematopoietic injury and gastrointestinal tract dysfunction in male mice, but adversely deteriorates these Radiation syndromes in female animals. In a sharp contrast, feeding animals with high-fat diet (HFD) elicites explicitly contrary results. High-throughput sequencing of microbial 16S rRNA, host miRNA, and mRNA shows that simvastatin or HFD administration preventes Radiation-altered enteric bacterial taxonomic structure, preserves miRNA expression profile, and reprogrammes the spectrum of mRNA expression in small intestines of male or female mice, respectively. Notably, faecal microbiota transplantation of gut microbes from opposite sexual donors abrogates the curative effects of simvastatin or HFD in respective genders of animals. Together, these findings demonstrate that curative efficiencies of therapeutic strategies mitigating Radiation toxicity might be dependent on the gender of patients, thus simvastatin or HFD might be specifically useful for fighting against Radiation toxicity in a sex-dependent fashion partly based on sex-distinct gut microbiota composition in preclinical settings.
Ming Cui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
caloric restriction alleviates Radiation Injuries in a sex dependent fashion
The FASEB Journal, 2021Co-Authors: Jiali Dong, Huiwen Xiao, Shuqin Zhang, Bin Wang, Saijun Fan, Zhiyuan Chen, Yuxiao Jin, Ming CuiAbstract:Safe and effective regimens are still needed given the risk of Radiation toxicity from iatrogenic irRadiation. The gut microbiota plays an important role in Radiation damage. Diet has emerged as a key determinant of the intestinal microbiome signature and function. In this report, we investigated whether a 30% caloric restriction (CR) diet may ameliorate Radiation enteritis and hematopoietic toxicity. Experimental mice were either fed ad libitum (AL) or subjected to CR preconditioning for 10 days and then exposed to total body irRadiation (TBI) or total abdominal irRadiation (TAI). Gross examinations showed that short-term CR pretreatment restored hematogenic organs and improved the intestinal architecture in both male and female mice. Intriguingly, CR preconditioning mitigated Radiation-induced systemic and enteric inflammation in female mice, while gut barrier function improved in irradiated males. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that the frequency of pro-inflammatory microbes, including Helicobacter and Desulfovibrionaceae, was reduced in female mice after 10 days of CR preconditioning, while an enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibaculum, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillus, was observed in males. Using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or antibiotic administration to alter the gut microbiota counteracted the short-term CR-elicited Radiation tolerance of both male and female mice, further indicating that the radioprotection of a 30% CR diet depends on altering the gut microbiota. Together, our findings provide new insights into CR in clinical applications and indicate that a short-term CR diet prior to Radiation modulates sex-specific gut microbiota configurations, protecting male and female mice against the side effects caused by Radiation challenge.
-
caloric restriction alleviates Radiation Injuries in a sex dependent fashion
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Jiali Dong, Ming Cui, Huiwen Xiao, Shuqin Zhang, Bin Wang, Zhiyuan Chen, Yuxiao Jin, Saijun FanAbstract:Background: There remain unmet clinical needs for safe and effective regimen to fight against Radiation Injuries from medical irRadiation or accidental exposure. Intestinal microbes play important roles in Radiation damage. Diet is an efficacious mediator to educate the gut microbiota directly. Methods: In this case, we investigated whether 30% reduced calorie might ameliorate Radiation enteritis and hematopoietic toxicity. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were either fed ad libitum (AL) or caloric restriction (CR) preconditioning for 10-day and then exposed to total body Radiation (TBI) or total abdominal Radiation (TAI). Findings: Gross examinations showed that short-term CR pretreatment restored hematogenic organs and improved intestinal architecture in both sexes of mice. Intriguingly, CR mitigated Radiation-induced systemic and enteric inflammations in females, while the gut barrier function improved in irradiated male mice. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed and showed that after 10-day of CR preconditioning, proinflammatory microbes including Helicobacter and Desulfovibrionaceae were lessened in female mice, while an enrichment of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria such as Faecalibaculum, Clostridiales and Lactobacillus was observed in males. Gut flora shifts by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or antibiotic administration counteracted CR-elicited Radiation tolerance of both male and female mice, further demonstrated that the radioprotection of CR depends on the CR-restructured sex-specific gut microbiota configuration. Interpretation: Together, our findings provide new insights into CR in clinical applications, and indicate that short-term CR diet prior to Radiation modulates the gut microbiota in a sex-dependent fashion, protecting male and female patients against the side effects caused by accidental or iatrogenic Radiation challenge. Funding: Natural Science Foundation of China [81730086, 81872555, 82003399]; Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Tianjin [20JCJQJC00100]; Drug Innovation Major Project of China [2018ZX09711001-007-008]. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The animal use protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee (AEWC)
-
gut commensal derived valeric acid protects against Radiation Injuries
Gut microbes, 2020Co-Authors: Jiali Dong, Ming Cui, Huiwen Xiao, Shuqin Zhang, Bin Wang, Saijun FanAbstract:Hematopoietic and intestinal systems side effects are frequently found in patients who suffered from accidental or medical Radiation exposure. In this case, we investigated the effects of gut micro...
-
sexual dimorphism of gut microbiota dictates therapeutics efficacy of Radiation Injuries
Advanced Science, 2019Co-Authors: Ming Cui, Huiwen Xiao, Shuqin Zhang, Jiali Dong, Bin Wang, Changchun Zhu, Mian Jiang, Tong Zhu, Haichao Wang, Saijun FanAbstract:Accidental or iatrogenic ionizing Radiation exposure precipitates acute and chronic Radiation Injuries. The traditional paradigm of mitigating radiotherapy-associated adverse side effects has ignored the gender-specific dimorphism of patients' divergent responses. Here, the effects of sexual dimorphism on curative efficiencies of therapeutic agents is examined in murine models of irRadiation injury. Oral gavage of simvastatin ameliorates Radiation-induced hematopoietic injury and gastrointestinal tract dysfunction in male mice, but adversely deteriorates these Radiation syndromes in female animals. In a sharp contrast, feeding animals with high-fat diet (HFD) elicites explicitly contrary results. High-throughput sequencing of microbial 16S rRNA, host miRNA, and mRNA shows that simvastatin or HFD administration preventes Radiation-altered enteric bacterial taxonomic structure, preserves miRNA expression profile, and reprogrammes the spectrum of mRNA expression in small intestines of male or female mice, respectively. Notably, faecal microbiota transplantation of gut microbes from opposite sexual donors abrogates the curative effects of simvastatin or HFD in respective genders of animals. Together, these findings demonstrate that curative efficiencies of therapeutic strategies mitigating Radiation toxicity might be dependent on the gender of patients, thus simvastatin or HFD might be specifically useful for fighting against Radiation toxicity in a sex-dependent fashion partly based on sex-distinct gut microbiota composition in preclinical settings.
Jamie K Waselenko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
medical management of the acute Radiation syndrome recommendations of the strategic national stockpile Radiation working group
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Jamie K Waselenko, Thomas J Macvittie, William F Blakely, Nicki Pesik, Albert L Wiley, William E Dickerson, Horace Tsu, Dennis L Confer, Norman C Coleman, Thomas M SeedAbstract:Physicians, hospitals, and other health care facilities will assume the responsibility for aiding individuals injured by a terrorist act involving radioactive material. Scenarios have been developed for such acts that include a range of exposures resulting in few to many casualties. This consensus document was developed by the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group to provide a framework for physicians in internal medicine and the medical subspecialties to evaluate and manage large-scale Radiation Injuries. Individual Radiation dose is assessed by determining the time to onset and severity of nausea and vomiting, decline in absolute lymphocyte count over several hours or days after exposure, and appearance of chromosome aberrations (including dicentrics and ring forms) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Documentation of clinical signs and symptoms (affecting the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and cutaneous systems) over time is essential for triage of victims, selection of therapy, and assignment of prognosis. Recommendations based on Radiation dose and physiologic response are made for treatment of the hematopoietic syndrome. Therapy includes treatment with hematopoietic cytokines; blood transfusion; and, in selected cases, stem-cell transplantation. Additional medical management based on the evolution of clinical signs and symptoms includes the use of antimicrobial agents (quinolones, antiviral therapy, and antifungal agents), antiemetic agents, and analgesic agents. Because of the strong psychological impact of a possible Radiation exposure, psychosocial support will be required for those exposed, regardless of the dose, as well as for family and friends. Treatment of pregnant women must account for risk to the fetus. For terrorist or accidental events involving exposure to radioiodines, prophylaxis against malignant disease of the thyroid is also recommended, particularly for children and adolescents.
Norman C Coleman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
models for evaluating agents intended for the prophylaxis mitigation and treatment of Radiation Injuries report of an nci workshop december 3 4 2003
Radiation Research, 2004Co-Authors: Helen B Stone, Norman C Coleman, John E Moulder, Kian K Ang, Mitchell S Anscher, Mary Helen Barcelloshoff, William S Dynan, John R Fike, David J Grdina, Joel S GreenbergerAbstract:Abstract Stone, H. B., Moulder, J. E., Coleman, C. N., Ang, K. K., Anscher, M. S., Barcellos-Hoff, M. H., Dynan, W. S., Fike, J. R., Grdina, D. J., Greenberger, J. S., Hauer-Jensen, M., Hill, R. P., Kolesnick, R. N., MacVittie, T. J., Marks, C., McBride, W. H., Metting, N., Pellmar, T., Purucker, M., Robbins, M. E., Schiestl, R. H., Seed, T. M., Tomaszewski, J., Travis, E. L., Wallner, P. E., Wolpert, M. and Zaharevitz, D. Models for Evaluating Agents Intended for the Prophylaxis, Mitigation and Treatment of Radiation Injuries. Report of an NCI Workshop, December 3–4, 2003. Radiat. Res. 162, 711–728 (2004). To develop approaches to prophylaxis/protection, mitigation and treatment of Radiation Injuries, appropriate models are needed that integrate the complex events that occur in the Radiation-exposed organism. While the spectrum of agents in clinical use or preclinical development is limited, new research findings promise improvements in survival after whole-body irRadiation and reductions in the risk of ...
-
medical management of the acute Radiation syndrome recommendations of the strategic national stockpile Radiation working group
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Jamie K Waselenko, Thomas J Macvittie, William F Blakely, Nicki Pesik, Albert L Wiley, William E Dickerson, Horace Tsu, Dennis L Confer, Norman C Coleman, Thomas M SeedAbstract:Physicians, hospitals, and other health care facilities will assume the responsibility for aiding individuals injured by a terrorist act involving radioactive material. Scenarios have been developed for such acts that include a range of exposures resulting in few to many casualties. This consensus document was developed by the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group to provide a framework for physicians in internal medicine and the medical subspecialties to evaluate and manage large-scale Radiation Injuries. Individual Radiation dose is assessed by determining the time to onset and severity of nausea and vomiting, decline in absolute lymphocyte count over several hours or days after exposure, and appearance of chromosome aberrations (including dicentrics and ring forms) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Documentation of clinical signs and symptoms (affecting the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and cutaneous systems) over time is essential for triage of victims, selection of therapy, and assignment of prognosis. Recommendations based on Radiation dose and physiologic response are made for treatment of the hematopoietic syndrome. Therapy includes treatment with hematopoietic cytokines; blood transfusion; and, in selected cases, stem-cell transplantation. Additional medical management based on the evolution of clinical signs and symptoms includes the use of antimicrobial agents (quinolones, antiviral therapy, and antifungal agents), antiemetic agents, and analgesic agents. Because of the strong psychological impact of a possible Radiation exposure, psychosocial support will be required for those exposed, regardless of the dose, as well as for family and friends. Treatment of pregnant women must account for risk to the fetus. For terrorist or accidental events involving exposure to radioiodines, prophylaxis against malignant disease of the thyroid is also recommended, particularly for children and adolescents.
