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Tadahiro Kanno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • characterization of debris flows by Rainstorm condition at a torrent on the mount yakedake volcano japan
    Geomorphology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kazuyuki Okano, Hiroshi Suwa, Tadahiro Kanno
    Abstract:

    Abstract We analyzed Rainstorm control on debris-flow magnitude and flow characteristics using the 14 sets of Rainstorm and debris-flow data obtained from 1980 to 2005 at the Kamikamihorizawa Creek of Mount Yakedake. With the principal component analysis on five parameters of debris flows: frontal velocity, peak velocity, peak flow depth, peak discharge and total discharge, and with video-record of boulder-dams in motion, and the preceding rainfall intensities, we conclude that the 14 debris flows could be categorized into three groups. The flows in the first group have large hydraulic magnitude and massive and turbulent boulder-dams filled with slurry matrix. The flows in the second group have small hydraulic magnitude and boulder-dams scarcely filled with slurry matrix, and the dam is observed to alternate between stopping and starting. The flows in the third group have small hydraulic magnitude and boulder dams filled with slurry matrix. Analysis of hillslope hydrology and debris-flow data asserted that the antecedent rainfall conditions control not only the hydraulic magnitude of debris flows but also the boulder-dam features. Large Rainstorms of high intensity and durations as short as 10 minutes induces fast and large storm runoff to the headwaters and the source reaches of debris flow, while Rainstorms with durations as long as 24 h raises water content in the bottom deposits along the debris-flow growth reaches and generates substantial runoff from the tributaries. Classification of the three groups is done based on water availability to debris flows on the source and growth reaches at the occurrence of debris flow.

Leichao Bai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the magnitude of soil erosion on hillslopes with different land use patterns under an extreme Rainstorm on the northern loess plateau china
    Soil & Tillage Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Bingzhe Tang, Nan Wang, Juying Jiao, Yixian Chen, Yifeng Zhang, Leichao Bai
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purpose A comprehensive investigation of Rainstorms and its impact on soil erosion on hillslope are important, but field observed data are rare worldwide. We aimed to assess and quantify the magnitude of soil erosion and its subsequent influence on hillslope with different land use pattern under an extreme Rainstorm. Methods We studied an extreme Rainstorm on July 26, 2017 in Zizhou county on the Loess Plateau, China. 218 mm rain fell within 15 h with a maximum intensity of 52 mm h−1 for 1 h. In Rainstorm core, we investigated soil erosion characteristics on six hillslopes with different land use patterns which composed of sloping farmland (SF), grassland (GL), woodland (WL) and pasture (PA) on different slope positions. Three soil erosion types (rill, slope failure and gully incision) along the six hillslopes were measured in each land, respectively. The stream power was calculated to quantify the erosion effectiveness of Rainstorm. The subsequent alteration of serious gully and slope failure were measured after two years. Results The soil erosion intensities of hillslopes were in range of 6.94 × 103-95.89 × 103 t km−2. Soil erosion intensities on hillslopes with sloping farmland were several decuples larger than that on the hillslopes with woodland and grassland. Gully incision and slope failure supplied the most sediment of hillslope while rill erosion cannot be ignored only in sloping farmland. The scarce vegetation cover, the concave surface, side slope with large height, unreasonable drainage ditch and weeding were the main reasons for the serious erosion under this storm event. The gully incision thresholds of stream power were about 175 W m−2, 370 W m−2, less than 35 W m−2 and more than 460 W m−2 for PA, GL, SF and WL, respectively. Almost all the sediment of gully transported from hillslope into downslope channel. The risk of gully incision increase 5 fold and decrease to 14 % in fallow farmland and farmland under cultivation after Rainstorm. Conclusions Woodland and grassland with high vegetation coverage stood the erosion test of this extreme Rainstorm due to high anti-erosion ability instead of runoff reduction and sediment interception. Reasonable agricultural management, such as avoiding weeding before extreme Rainstorm and filling gully after erosion reduced decuples of erosion risk. Natural recovery of slope surface is not expected in these fragmentized slopes during a short period.

  • soil erosion and sediment interception by check dams in a watershed for an extreme Rainstorm on the loess plateau china
    International Journal of Sediment Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Leichao Bai, Nan Wang, Juying Jiao, Yixian Chen, Bingzhe Tang, Haolin Wang, Yulan Chen
    Abstract:

    Abstract The magnitude of soil erosion and sediment load reduction efficiency of check dams under extreme Rainstorms is a long-standing concern. The current paper aims to use check dams to deduce the amount of soil erosion under extreme Rainstorms in a watershed and to identify the difference in sediment interception efficiency of different types of check dams. Based on the sediment deposition at 12 check dams with 100% sediment interception efficiency and sub-catchment clustering by taking 12 dam-controlled catchments as clustering criteria, the amount of soil erosion resulting from an extreme Rainstorm event on July 26, 2017 (named “7·26” extreme Rainstorm) was estimated in the Chabagou watershed in the hill and gully region of the Loess Plateau. The differences in the sediment interception efficiency among the check dams in the watershed were analyzed according to field observations at 17 check dams. The results show that the average erosion intensity under the “7–26” extreme Rainstorm was approximately 2.03 × 104 t/km2, which was 5 times that in the second largest erosive rainfall in 2017 (4.15 × 103 t/km2) and 11–384 times that for storms in 2018 (0.53 × 102 t/km2 - 1.81 × 103 t/km2). Under the “7–26” extreme Rainstorm, the amount of soil erosion in the Chabagou watershed above the Caoping hydrological station was 4.20 × 106 t. The sediment interception efficiency of the check dams with drainage canals (including the destroyed check dams) and with drainage culverts was 6.48 and 39.49%, respectively. The total actual sediment amount trapped by the check dams was 1.11 × 106 t, accounting for 26.36% of the total amount of soil erosion. In contrast, 3.09 × 106 t of sediment were input to the downstream channel, and the sediment deposition in the channel was 2.23 × 106 t, accounting for 53.15% of the total amount of soil erosion. The amount of sediment transport at the hydrological station was 8.60 × 105 t. The Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) under the “7·26” extreme Rainstorm was 0.21. The results indicated that the amount of soil erosion was huge, and the sediment interception efficiency of the check dams was greatly reduced under extreme Rainstorms. It is necessary to strengthen the management and construction technology standards of check dams to improve the sediment interception efficiency and flood safety in the watershed.

S. Nandargi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Analysis of Severe Rainstorm Characteristics of the Godavari Basin in Peninsular India
    Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2010
    Co-Authors: B. D. Kulkarni, S. Nandargi, S. S. Mulye
    Abstract:

    Abstract The analysis of Rainstorms is of prime importance for the planning and design of water resources of any region. In the absence of actual records of streamflow data, analysis of Rainstorms is useful for assessing flood potentialities as well as the runoff of river catchments. This study provides pertinent information on the spatial distribution characteristics of severe Rainstorm events that occurred over the Godavari and its subbasins on the basis of 110 yr (1891–2000) of available rainfall data. The analysis showed that the August 1986 Rainstorm had its areal extension over more than a 150 000 km2 area. It is also seen that the August 1913 Rainstorm was the most efficient Rainstorm over the basin. The rain depth data of severe Rainstorms given in this paper can provide a reliable set of information to assess water resource planning on a probability basis. The relationship between the point to areal rainfall and area of the Rainstorms from 1- to 3-day durations is also determined.

  • On Some Characteristics of Severe Rainstorms of India
    Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1995
    Co-Authors: O. N. Dhar, S. Nandargi
    Abstract:

    Detailed examination of daily rainfall data for India (and other relevant publications regarding severe Rainstorms) show that during the last 110 years, the Indian region recorded 231 severe Rainstorms. Of these, 27 were of 2-day duration and the rest (204) were of 3-day duration. Within a Rainstorm, maximum rain fell on the 2nd day on 63% of occasions. It was also observed that the average raindepths obtained from slow moving Rainstorms were greater in magnitude than those of fast moving Rainstorms. All these Rainstorms, during their movement through the country, had their rain centres at about 308 locations. This study has shown that only 19 locations recorded severe Rainstorm centres on five or more occasions. Maximum number of rain centres recorded for one location was 13.

  • envelope depth area duration raindepths for different homogeneous Rainstorm zones of the indian region
    Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1993
    Co-Authors: O. N. Dhar, S. Nandargi
    Abstract:

    About one hundred severe Rainstorms occurred in the Indian region during the period between 1880 and 1990. The centres of these severe Rainstorms occur mostly in four preferred zones. The two major zones where the bulk of Rainstorm centres are located are in north and central India. These two zones have been further sub-divided into four homogeneous subzones for the purpose of Rainstorm transposition. For each of these homogeneous sub-zones and zones envelope Depth-Area-Duration (DAD) raindepths have been calculated. These are based on the DAD data of severe Rainstorms that have occurred within each zone in order to obtain probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimates.

Juying Jiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the magnitude of soil erosion on hillslopes with different land use patterns under an extreme Rainstorm on the northern loess plateau china
    Soil & Tillage Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Bingzhe Tang, Nan Wang, Juying Jiao, Yixian Chen, Yifeng Zhang, Leichao Bai
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purpose A comprehensive investigation of Rainstorms and its impact on soil erosion on hillslope are important, but field observed data are rare worldwide. We aimed to assess and quantify the magnitude of soil erosion and its subsequent influence on hillslope with different land use pattern under an extreme Rainstorm. Methods We studied an extreme Rainstorm on July 26, 2017 in Zizhou county on the Loess Plateau, China. 218 mm rain fell within 15 h with a maximum intensity of 52 mm h−1 for 1 h. In Rainstorm core, we investigated soil erosion characteristics on six hillslopes with different land use patterns which composed of sloping farmland (SF), grassland (GL), woodland (WL) and pasture (PA) on different slope positions. Three soil erosion types (rill, slope failure and gully incision) along the six hillslopes were measured in each land, respectively. The stream power was calculated to quantify the erosion effectiveness of Rainstorm. The subsequent alteration of serious gully and slope failure were measured after two years. Results The soil erosion intensities of hillslopes were in range of 6.94 × 103-95.89 × 103 t km−2. Soil erosion intensities on hillslopes with sloping farmland were several decuples larger than that on the hillslopes with woodland and grassland. Gully incision and slope failure supplied the most sediment of hillslope while rill erosion cannot be ignored only in sloping farmland. The scarce vegetation cover, the concave surface, side slope with large height, unreasonable drainage ditch and weeding were the main reasons for the serious erosion under this storm event. The gully incision thresholds of stream power were about 175 W m−2, 370 W m−2, less than 35 W m−2 and more than 460 W m−2 for PA, GL, SF and WL, respectively. Almost all the sediment of gully transported from hillslope into downslope channel. The risk of gully incision increase 5 fold and decrease to 14 % in fallow farmland and farmland under cultivation after Rainstorm. Conclusions Woodland and grassland with high vegetation coverage stood the erosion test of this extreme Rainstorm due to high anti-erosion ability instead of runoff reduction and sediment interception. Reasonable agricultural management, such as avoiding weeding before extreme Rainstorm and filling gully after erosion reduced decuples of erosion risk. Natural recovery of slope surface is not expected in these fragmentized slopes during a short period.

  • soil erosion and sediment interception by check dams in a watershed for an extreme Rainstorm on the loess plateau china
    International Journal of Sediment Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Leichao Bai, Nan Wang, Juying Jiao, Yixian Chen, Bingzhe Tang, Haolin Wang, Yulan Chen
    Abstract:

    Abstract The magnitude of soil erosion and sediment load reduction efficiency of check dams under extreme Rainstorms is a long-standing concern. The current paper aims to use check dams to deduce the amount of soil erosion under extreme Rainstorms in a watershed and to identify the difference in sediment interception efficiency of different types of check dams. Based on the sediment deposition at 12 check dams with 100% sediment interception efficiency and sub-catchment clustering by taking 12 dam-controlled catchments as clustering criteria, the amount of soil erosion resulting from an extreme Rainstorm event on July 26, 2017 (named “7·26” extreme Rainstorm) was estimated in the Chabagou watershed in the hill and gully region of the Loess Plateau. The differences in the sediment interception efficiency among the check dams in the watershed were analyzed according to field observations at 17 check dams. The results show that the average erosion intensity under the “7–26” extreme Rainstorm was approximately 2.03 × 104 t/km2, which was 5 times that in the second largest erosive rainfall in 2017 (4.15 × 103 t/km2) and 11–384 times that for storms in 2018 (0.53 × 102 t/km2 - 1.81 × 103 t/km2). Under the “7–26” extreme Rainstorm, the amount of soil erosion in the Chabagou watershed above the Caoping hydrological station was 4.20 × 106 t. The sediment interception efficiency of the check dams with drainage canals (including the destroyed check dams) and with drainage culverts was 6.48 and 39.49%, respectively. The total actual sediment amount trapped by the check dams was 1.11 × 106 t, accounting for 26.36% of the total amount of soil erosion. In contrast, 3.09 × 106 t of sediment were input to the downstream channel, and the sediment deposition in the channel was 2.23 × 106 t, accounting for 53.15% of the total amount of soil erosion. The amount of sediment transport at the hydrological station was 8.60 × 105 t. The Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) under the “7·26” extreme Rainstorm was 0.21. The results indicated that the amount of soil erosion was huge, and the sediment interception efficiency of the check dams was greatly reduced under extreme Rainstorms. It is necessary to strengthen the management and construction technology standards of check dams to improve the sediment interception efficiency and flood safety in the watershed.

Kazuyuki Okano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • characterization of debris flows by Rainstorm condition at a torrent on the mount yakedake volcano japan
    Geomorphology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kazuyuki Okano, Hiroshi Suwa, Tadahiro Kanno
    Abstract:

    Abstract We analyzed Rainstorm control on debris-flow magnitude and flow characteristics using the 14 sets of Rainstorm and debris-flow data obtained from 1980 to 2005 at the Kamikamihorizawa Creek of Mount Yakedake. With the principal component analysis on five parameters of debris flows: frontal velocity, peak velocity, peak flow depth, peak discharge and total discharge, and with video-record of boulder-dams in motion, and the preceding rainfall intensities, we conclude that the 14 debris flows could be categorized into three groups. The flows in the first group have large hydraulic magnitude and massive and turbulent boulder-dams filled with slurry matrix. The flows in the second group have small hydraulic magnitude and boulder-dams scarcely filled with slurry matrix, and the dam is observed to alternate between stopping and starting. The flows in the third group have small hydraulic magnitude and boulder dams filled with slurry matrix. Analysis of hillslope hydrology and debris-flow data asserted that the antecedent rainfall conditions control not only the hydraulic magnitude of debris flows but also the boulder-dam features. Large Rainstorms of high intensity and durations as short as 10 minutes induces fast and large storm runoff to the headwaters and the source reaches of debris flow, while Rainstorms with durations as long as 24 h raises water content in the bottom deposits along the debris-flow growth reaches and generates substantial runoff from the tributaries. Classification of the three groups is done based on water availability to debris flows on the source and growth reaches at the occurrence of debris flow.