Raphe Magnus Nucleus

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Beth Levant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • clorgyline induced modification of behavioral sensitization to quinpirole effects on local cerebral glucose utilization
    Brain Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Toni L Richards, Thomas L. Pazdernik, Beth Levant
    Abstract:

    Sensitization refers to augmented behavioral responses produced by repeated, intermittent injections of dopaminergic psychostimulants. The locomotor manifestations observed after a sensitizing course of quinpirole, a D2/D3 dopamine agonist, can be modified by the MAOA inhibitor clorgyline, by a mechanism apparently unrelated to its actions on MAOA. Alterations in regional neuronal activity produced by quinpirole in quinpirole-sensitized rats with or without clorgyline pretreatment were assessed based on LCGU using the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method. Adult, male Long–Evans rats (180–200 g, n = 9–10/group) were subjected to an injection of either clorgyline (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline 90 min prior to an injection of quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline, 1 set of injections administered every 3rd day for 10 sets. The 2-DG procedure was initiated 60 min after an 11th set of injections in freely moving rats. LCGU was determined by quantitative autoradiography. LCGU was decreased in a number of limbic (Nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum) and cortical (medial/ventral orbital and infralimbic) regions and in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus in quinpirole-sensitized rats (P < 0.05 vs. saline–saline). Quinpirole-sensitized rats pretreated with clorgyline had similar alterations in LCGU, but LCGU was higher in the locus coeruleus compared to quinpirole alone (P < 0.05), was not decreased in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus, and was decreased in the piriform cortex and septum. This implicates altered activity of the noradrenergic, serotonergic, olfactory, and limbic systems in the modified behavioral response to quinpirole with clorgyline pretreatment.

  • clorgyline induced modification of behavioral sensitization to quinpirole effects on local cerebral glucose utilization
    Brain Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Toni L Richards, Thomas L. Pazdernik, Beth Levant
    Abstract:

    Sensitization refers to augmented behavioral responses produced by repeated, intermittent injections of dopaminergic psychostimulants. The locomotor manifestations observed after a sensitizing course of quinpirole, a D2/D3 dopamine agonist, can be modified by the MAOA inhibitor clorgyline, by a mechanism apparently unrelated to its actions on MAOA. Alterations in regional neuronal activity produced by quinpirole in quinpirole-sensitized rats with or without clorgyline pretreatment were assessed based on LCGU using the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method. Adult, male Long–Evans rats (180–200 g, n = 9–10/group) were subjected to an injection of either clorgyline (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline 90 min prior to an injection of quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline, 1 set of injections administered every 3rd day for 10 sets. The 2-DG procedure was initiated 60 min after an 11th set of injections in freely moving rats. LCGU was determined by quantitative autoradiography. LCGU was decreased in a number of limbic (Nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum) and cortical (medial/ventral orbital and infralimbic) regions and in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus in quinpirole-sensitized rats (P < 0.05 vs. saline–saline). Quinpirole-sensitized rats pretreated with clorgyline had similar alterations in LCGU, but LCGU was higher in the locus coeruleus compared to quinpirole alone (P < 0.05), was not decreased in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus, and was decreased in the piriform cortex and septum. This implicates altered activity of the noradrenergic, serotonergic, olfactory, and limbic systems in the modified behavioral response to quinpirole with clorgyline pretreatment.

Laurence Bodineau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Key Brainstem Structures Activated during Hypoxic Exposure in One-day-old Mice Highlight Characteristics for Modeling Breathing Network in Premature Infants
    Frontiers in Physiology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Fanny Joubert, Camille Loiseau, Anne-sophie Perrin-terrin, Alain Frugière, Nicolas Voituron, Florence Cayetanot, Laurence Bodineau
    Abstract:

    We mapped and characterized changes in the activity of brainstem cell groups under hypoxia in one-day-old newborn mice, an animal model in which the central nervous system at birth is particularly immature. The classical biphasic respiratory response characterized by transient hyperventilation, followed by severe ventilation decline, was associated with increased c-FOS immunoreactivity in brainstem cell groups: the Nucleus of the solitary tract, ventral reticular Nucleus of the medulla, retrotrapezoid/parafacial region, parapyramidal group, Raphe Magnus Nucleus, lateral and medial parabrachial Nucleus, and dorsal subcoeruleus Nucleus. In contrast, the hypoglossal Nucleus displayed decreased c-FOS immunoreactivity. There were fewer or no activated catecholaminergic cells activated in the medulla oblongata, whereas approximately 45% of the c-FOS-positive cells in the dorsal subcoeruleus were co-labelled. Approximately 30% of the c-FOS-positive cells in the parapyramidal group were serotoninergic, whereas only a small portion were labelled for serotonin in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus. None of the c-FOS-positive cells in the retrotrapezoid/parafacial region were co-labelled for PHOX2B. Thus, the hypoxia-activated brainstem neuronal network of one-day-old mice is characterized by i) the activation of catecholaminergic cells of the dorsal subcoeruleus Nucleus, a structure implicated in the strong depressive pontine influence previously reported in the fetus but not in newborns, ii) the weak activation of catecholaminergic cells of the ventral reticular Nucleus of the medulla, an area involved in hypoxic hyperventilation, and iii) the absence of PHOX2B-positive cells activated in the retrotrapezoid/parafacial region. Based on these results, one-day-old mice could highlight characteristics for modelling the breathing network of premature infants.

Toni L Richards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • clorgyline induced modification of behavioral sensitization to quinpirole effects on local cerebral glucose utilization
    Brain Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Toni L Richards, Thomas L. Pazdernik, Beth Levant
    Abstract:

    Sensitization refers to augmented behavioral responses produced by repeated, intermittent injections of dopaminergic psychostimulants. The locomotor manifestations observed after a sensitizing course of quinpirole, a D2/D3 dopamine agonist, can be modified by the MAOA inhibitor clorgyline, by a mechanism apparently unrelated to its actions on MAOA. Alterations in regional neuronal activity produced by quinpirole in quinpirole-sensitized rats with or without clorgyline pretreatment were assessed based on LCGU using the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method. Adult, male Long–Evans rats (180–200 g, n = 9–10/group) were subjected to an injection of either clorgyline (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline 90 min prior to an injection of quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline, 1 set of injections administered every 3rd day for 10 sets. The 2-DG procedure was initiated 60 min after an 11th set of injections in freely moving rats. LCGU was determined by quantitative autoradiography. LCGU was decreased in a number of limbic (Nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum) and cortical (medial/ventral orbital and infralimbic) regions and in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus in quinpirole-sensitized rats (P < 0.05 vs. saline–saline). Quinpirole-sensitized rats pretreated with clorgyline had similar alterations in LCGU, but LCGU was higher in the locus coeruleus compared to quinpirole alone (P < 0.05), was not decreased in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus, and was decreased in the piriform cortex and septum. This implicates altered activity of the noradrenergic, serotonergic, olfactory, and limbic systems in the modified behavioral response to quinpirole with clorgyline pretreatment.

  • clorgyline induced modification of behavioral sensitization to quinpirole effects on local cerebral glucose utilization
    Brain Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Toni L Richards, Thomas L. Pazdernik, Beth Levant
    Abstract:

    Sensitization refers to augmented behavioral responses produced by repeated, intermittent injections of dopaminergic psychostimulants. The locomotor manifestations observed after a sensitizing course of quinpirole, a D2/D3 dopamine agonist, can be modified by the MAOA inhibitor clorgyline, by a mechanism apparently unrelated to its actions on MAOA. Alterations in regional neuronal activity produced by quinpirole in quinpirole-sensitized rats with or without clorgyline pretreatment were assessed based on LCGU using the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method. Adult, male Long–Evans rats (180–200 g, n = 9–10/group) were subjected to an injection of either clorgyline (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline 90 min prior to an injection of quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline, 1 set of injections administered every 3rd day for 10 sets. The 2-DG procedure was initiated 60 min after an 11th set of injections in freely moving rats. LCGU was determined by quantitative autoradiography. LCGU was decreased in a number of limbic (Nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum) and cortical (medial/ventral orbital and infralimbic) regions and in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus in quinpirole-sensitized rats (P < 0.05 vs. saline–saline). Quinpirole-sensitized rats pretreated with clorgyline had similar alterations in LCGU, but LCGU was higher in the locus coeruleus compared to quinpirole alone (P < 0.05), was not decreased in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus, and was decreased in the piriform cortex and septum. This implicates altered activity of the noradrenergic, serotonergic, olfactory, and limbic systems in the modified behavioral response to quinpirole with clorgyline pretreatment.

Fanny Joubert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Key Brainstem Structures Activated during Hypoxic Exposure in One-day-old Mice Highlight Characteristics for Modeling Breathing Network in Premature Infants
    Frontiers in Physiology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Fanny Joubert, Camille Loiseau, Anne-sophie Perrin-terrin, Alain Frugière, Nicolas Voituron, Florence Cayetanot, Laurence Bodineau
    Abstract:

    We mapped and characterized changes in the activity of brainstem cell groups under hypoxia in one-day-old newborn mice, an animal model in which the central nervous system at birth is particularly immature. The classical biphasic respiratory response characterized by transient hyperventilation, followed by severe ventilation decline, was associated with increased c-FOS immunoreactivity in brainstem cell groups: the Nucleus of the solitary tract, ventral reticular Nucleus of the medulla, retrotrapezoid/parafacial region, parapyramidal group, Raphe Magnus Nucleus, lateral and medial parabrachial Nucleus, and dorsal subcoeruleus Nucleus. In contrast, the hypoglossal Nucleus displayed decreased c-FOS immunoreactivity. There were fewer or no activated catecholaminergic cells activated in the medulla oblongata, whereas approximately 45% of the c-FOS-positive cells in the dorsal subcoeruleus were co-labelled. Approximately 30% of the c-FOS-positive cells in the parapyramidal group were serotoninergic, whereas only a small portion were labelled for serotonin in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus. None of the c-FOS-positive cells in the retrotrapezoid/parafacial region were co-labelled for PHOX2B. Thus, the hypoxia-activated brainstem neuronal network of one-day-old mice is characterized by i) the activation of catecholaminergic cells of the dorsal subcoeruleus Nucleus, a structure implicated in the strong depressive pontine influence previously reported in the fetus but not in newborns, ii) the weak activation of catecholaminergic cells of the ventral reticular Nucleus of the medulla, an area involved in hypoxic hyperventilation, and iii) the absence of PHOX2B-positive cells activated in the retrotrapezoid/parafacial region. Based on these results, one-day-old mice could highlight characteristics for modelling the breathing network of premature infants.

Jean Schoenen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity in patients with chronic headache and in normal volunteers methodology clinical and pathophysiological relevance
    Headache, 1993
    Co-Authors: Jean Schoenen
    Abstract:

    SYNOPSIS Exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity was studied in patients with chronic headache and in healthy controls. Among different methods of recording, averaging 10 full-wave rectified EMG responses produces results with acceptable variability and discomfort. The late temporalis exteroceptive suppression period (ES2) is reduced on average in patients with chronic tension-type headache; this finding has been reproduced by several independent laboratories. Mean duration of temporalis ES2 is also diminished, but to a lesser degree, in daily drug abuse headache and, as shown by others, in episodic tension-type headache. It is normal in migraine between attacks, cluster headache and various types of symptomatic headaches. Temporalis ES2 may be decreased in untreated patients with major depression. In healthy volunteers, temporalis ES2 duration is reduced by a short-lasting painful stimulus to peripheral limbs after a delay of 50 to 60 ms, and by a sub-motor threshold electromagnetic stimulation to the contralateral cerebral cortex after a delay of 20 to 30 ms. In contrast, long-lasting trains of peripheral painful stimuli have no effect. Various pharmacological agents are able to modify temporalis ES2. Its duration is increased by 5-HT antagonists, but decreased by 5-HT uptake blockers. Pharmacological effects may differ between controls and patients. Considering these results and available data on the anatomo-functional organization of masticatory reflexes, we postulate that temporalis ES2 is a marker of the excitability of interneuronal nets in the ponto-medullary reticular formation. In chronic tension-type headache, excitability of these interneurons is decreased because of inadequate control by the serotonergic Raphe Magnus Nucleus and the periaqueductal gray matter. Dysfunctioning of the latter structures might be caused by abnormal limbic inputs to the brain stem. Some steps of this pathophysiological hypothesis can be verified by modern neurophysiological techniques.