The Experts below are selected from a list of 144 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bing J Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hybrid modelling for combined design optimization of co2 removal and compression in Raw Natural Gas treatment complexes
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2021Co-Authors: Kai Liu, Q.l. Chen, Qiao Q Tang, Bing J ZhangAbstract:Abstract CO2 removal in Raw Natural Gas is required to meet the sale Gas specifications. The chemical solvent absorption method is one of the most commonly used technologies. The absorption-based processes, however, require an enormous amount of energy to regenerate the solvent, and are designed to discharge the captured CO2 into the atmosphere directly. The energy efficiency and greenhouse Gas emissions should be considered in the Gas treatment process. In this study, a new process, combining CO2 removal and compression, is proposed for Raw Natural Gas treatment complexes. Compared with the conventional absorption-based processes, in the new process CO2 is not stripped from rich solvent in one distillation column but through multi-stage flash separators operating under different pressures and temperatures. The CO2 removed from each stage is then compressed separately to the proper pressure for carbon transportation and storage. A mathematical model is then developed to determine the optimum process configuration and operating conditions. A surrogate-based optimization framework is presented in order to strike a good balance between computational efficiency and model accuracy. The complex units are replaced by Kriging surrogate models. Aspen HYSYS is used to generated sampling points for the construction of surrogates. A method of dimension reduction is introduced to compact the surrogate models by selecting essential variables. Finally, a hybrid optimization model comprising of the surrogate models for “complex” units and explicit models for the rest of the process is formulated. The cases show the total annual cost of the CO2 removal and compression can be reduced by 20.6%–28.8% for different sweet Gas purity specifications.
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operational strategy and planning for Raw Natural Gas refining complexes process modeling and global optimization
Aiche Journal, 2017Co-Authors: Bing J Zhang, Q.l. Chen, Christodoulos A FloudasAbstract:Optimal operational strategy and planning of a Raw Natural Gas refining complex (RNGRC) is very challenging since it involves highly nonlinear processes, complex thermodynamics, blending, and utility systems. In this article, we first propose a superstructure integrating a utility system for the RNGRC, involving multiple Gas feedstocks, and different product specifications. Then, we develop a large-scale nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimization model. The model incorporates rigorous process models for input and output relations based on fundamentals of thermodynamics and unit operations and accurate models for utility systems. To reduce the noncovex items in the proposed MINLP model, equivalent reformulation techniques are introduced. Finally, the reformulated nonconvex MINLP model is solved to global optimality using state of the art deterministic global optimization approaches. The computational results demonstrate that a significant profit increase is achieved using the proposed approach compared to that from the real operation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 652–668, 2017
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material stream network modeling retrofit and optimization for Raw Natural Gas refining systems
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017Co-Authors: Bing J Zhang, Qing L Chen, Xiang L LuoAbstract:Abstract The demand for Natural Gas is increasing in the energy market because of its lower emissions and sustainable development. This increasing demand for Natural Gas promotes the capacity expansion of Raw Natural Gas refining systems (RNGRSs), resulting in parallel refining processes in a RNGRS. Optimizing the material stream network between these refining processes is very challenging because of the complex thermodynamics, unit operations and utility configurations. An optimization framework is presented for the retrofit of the material stream network between these refining processes to improve the economic performance. The retrofit framework integrates Raw Natural Gas supply, refining processes, utility subsystems and product delivery and is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimization model to obtain an optimal material stream network to increase profit. The model presented here is applied to a Chinese industrial RNGRS and results in an optimal retrofit. A comparison before and after the retrofit demonstrates a significant increase in profit.
G Petron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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volatile organic compound emissions from the oil and Natural Gas industry in the uintah basin utah oil and Gas well pad emissions compared to ambient air composition
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014Co-Authors: G Petron, C Warneke, F Geiger, Peter Edwards, W P Dube, J KoflerAbstract:Abstract. Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with oil and Natural Gas production in the Uintah Basin, Utah were measured at a ground site in Horse Pool and from a NOAA mobile laboratory with PTR-MS instruments. The VOC compositions in the vicinity of individual Gas and oil wells and other point sources such as evaporation ponds, compressor stations and injection wells are compared to the measurements at Horse Pool. High mixing ratios of aromatics, alkanes, cycloalkanes and methanol were observed for extended periods of time and for short-term spikes caused by local point sources. The mixing ratios during the time the mobile laboratory spent on the well pads were averaged. High mixing ratios were found close to all point sources, but Gas well pads with collection and dehydration on the well pad were clearly associated with higher mixing ratios than other wells. The comparison of the VOC composition of the emissions from the oil and Natural Gas well pads showed that Gas well pads without dehydration on the well pad compared well with the majority of the data at Horse Pool, and that oil well pads compared well with the rest of the ground site data. Oil well pads on average emit heavier compounds than Gas well pads. The mobile laboratory measurements confirm the results from an emissions inventory: the main VOC source categories from individual point sources are dehydrators, oil and condensate tank flashing and pneumatic devices and pumps. Raw Natural Gas is emitted from the pneumatic devices and pumps and heavier VOC mixes from the tank flashings.
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hydrocarbon emissions characterization in the colorado front range a pilot study
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2012Co-Authors: G Petron, Gregory J Frost, Benjamin R Miller, Adam Hirsch, Stephen A Montzka, Anna KarionAbstract:[1] The multispecies analysis of daily air samples collected at the NOAA Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Weld County in northeastern Colorado since 2007 shows highly correlated alkane enhancements caused by a regionally distributed mix of sources in the Denver-Julesburg Basin. To further characterize the emissions of methane and non-methane hydrocarbons (propane, n-butane, i-pentane, n-pentane and benzene) around BAO, a pilot study involving automobile-based surveys was carried out during the summer of 2008. A mix of venting emissions (leaks) of Raw Natural Gas and flashing emissions from condensate storage tanks can explain the alkane ratios we observe in air masses impacted by oil and Gas operations in northeastern Colorado. Using the WRAP Phase III inventory of total volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from oil and Gas exploration, production and processing, together with flashing and venting emission speciation profiles provided by State agencies or the oil and Gas industry, we derive a range of bottom-up speciated emissions for Weld County in 2008. We use the observed ambient molar ratios and flashing and venting emissions data to calculate top-down scenarios for the amount of Natural Gas leaked to the atmosphere and the associated methane and non-methane emissions. Our analysis suggests that the emissions of the species we measured are most likely underestimated in current inventories and that the uncertainties attached to these estimates can be as high as a factor of two.
C Warneke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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volatile organic compound emissions from the oil and Natural Gas industry in the uintah basin utah oil and Gas well pad emissions compared to ambient air composition
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014Co-Authors: G Petron, C Warneke, F Geiger, Peter Edwards, W P Dube, J KoflerAbstract:Abstract. Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with oil and Natural Gas production in the Uintah Basin, Utah were measured at a ground site in Horse Pool and from a NOAA mobile laboratory with PTR-MS instruments. The VOC compositions in the vicinity of individual Gas and oil wells and other point sources such as evaporation ponds, compressor stations and injection wells are compared to the measurements at Horse Pool. High mixing ratios of aromatics, alkanes, cycloalkanes and methanol were observed for extended periods of time and for short-term spikes caused by local point sources. The mixing ratios during the time the mobile laboratory spent on the well pads were averaged. High mixing ratios were found close to all point sources, but Gas well pads with collection and dehydration on the well pad were clearly associated with higher mixing ratios than other wells. The comparison of the VOC composition of the emissions from the oil and Natural Gas well pads showed that Gas well pads without dehydration on the well pad compared well with the majority of the data at Horse Pool, and that oil well pads compared well with the rest of the ground site data. Oil well pads on average emit heavier compounds than Gas well pads. The mobile laboratory measurements confirm the results from an emissions inventory: the main VOC source categories from individual point sources are dehydrators, oil and condensate tank flashing and pneumatic devices and pumps. Raw Natural Gas is emitted from the pneumatic devices and pumps and heavier VOC mixes from the tank flashings.
Lars Brenne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Raw Natural Gas on the aging of high-voltage electrical machine mainwall insulation
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2012Co-Authors: Ville Sihvo, Oddgeir Kvien, Sverre Hvidsten, Arto Pihlajamaki, Janne Nerg, Lars BrenneAbstract:The total recovery of Natural Gas from subsea wells can be significantly increased with a compressor installed near the wellheads. The compressor is powered by a high-speed induction motor integrated in the same casing. The process Gas flows through the motor and acts as a cooling medium. The insulation system of the motor is in direct contact with the Gas and must be resistant to it. The Gas mixture contains hydrocarbons, water, and monoethylene glycol. The effects of the Gas mixture and its individual components on the properties of a high-voltage machine mainwall insulation consisting of mica, glass, and epoxy are obtained by experimental tests with Raw Natural Gas at accelerated conditions. The tests at high pressures and temperatures indicate that heavy hydrocarbon compounds cause similar effects to plasticizers inside the bisphenol A epoxy resin, but such compounds do not penetrate easily into epoxy novolac resin. The plasticizing effect is seen as increased weight and volume, decreased mechanical strength and E-modulus, and reduced glass transition temperature. The polymers did not decompose chemically. The mainwall insulation is vulnerable to delamination, which is initiated by the detachment of glass strains and epoxy resin. Water causes dielectric loss peak at very low frequencies, while the heavy hydrocarbons produce a loss peak in higher frequency range.
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High voltage machine mainwall insulation material behavior when exposed to Raw Natural Gas
The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010, 2010Co-Authors: Ville Sihvo, Janne Nerg, J. Pyrhönen, Lars BrenneAbstract:Natural Gas recovery from subsea fields is increased by use of artificial lift, utilizing subsea compression technology to boost the Gas flow. Such machines consist of a high-speed, high voltage electrical motor integrated into the same casing as the compressor and where the motor is cooled by the process Gas injected from the compressor itself. Since the insulation system is in direct contact with the process Gas it has to possess excellent chemical resistance and mechanical strength to withstand rapid decompression. Various types of mica-based mainwall insulations were exposed to an environment consisting of hydrocarbon Gas, condensate and a mixture of water and monoethylene glycol (MEG) at 150 bar and 130°C. Physical and mechanical parameters of the samples were evaluated. The process Gas ageing tests revealed that the mechanical strength of the mainwall insulation is mainly dependent on the selected resin and the degree of resin saturation inside the insulation.
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Evaluation of the performance of the impregnating resin of high voltage electrical machine when exposed to Raw Natural Gas
2009 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference, 2009Co-Authors: Ville Sihvo, J. Pyrhönen, Lars BrenneAbstract:Future high-speed electrical motor technology will utilise wellstream hydrocarbon Gas as cooling medium. Such integrated motor-compressors are currently under qualification for use on the sea floor in the North Sea. A vital part of the insulation system is the resin used to impregnate the motor windings and the resins ability to withstand chemical aging caused by the components inside the wellstream Gas. The purpose of the resin in such a machine is to give mechanical support to the winding and to fill all gaps and voids inside the mainwall insulation, which consists of a mica paper tape. Various types of epoxy resins were exposed to an environment consisting of hydrocarbon Gas, condensate and a mixture of water and monoethylene glycol (MEG). The specimens were built by casting the resin into a mould and curing it in an oven according to the procedure recommended by the resin manufacturers. According to the tests, the epoxy novolac and bisphenol A epoxy resin with BCl3 accelerator were able to withstand their tensile strength and e-modulus during the exposure far better than the bisphenol F epoxy resin. The influence of an accelerator in an epoxy anhydride resin system was detected. Resins accelerated with zinc naphthenate provided the highest modulus before the tests, but were not able to retain it during the exposure. Resins accelerated with BCl3 seemed to tolerate the environment better. The tensile strength of the resin was also dependent upon the amount of BCl3 accelerator used.
Q.l. Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hybrid modelling for combined design optimization of co2 removal and compression in Raw Natural Gas treatment complexes
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2021Co-Authors: Kai Liu, Q.l. Chen, Qiao Q Tang, Bing J ZhangAbstract:Abstract CO2 removal in Raw Natural Gas is required to meet the sale Gas specifications. The chemical solvent absorption method is one of the most commonly used technologies. The absorption-based processes, however, require an enormous amount of energy to regenerate the solvent, and are designed to discharge the captured CO2 into the atmosphere directly. The energy efficiency and greenhouse Gas emissions should be considered in the Gas treatment process. In this study, a new process, combining CO2 removal and compression, is proposed for Raw Natural Gas treatment complexes. Compared with the conventional absorption-based processes, in the new process CO2 is not stripped from rich solvent in one distillation column but through multi-stage flash separators operating under different pressures and temperatures. The CO2 removed from each stage is then compressed separately to the proper pressure for carbon transportation and storage. A mathematical model is then developed to determine the optimum process configuration and operating conditions. A surrogate-based optimization framework is presented in order to strike a good balance between computational efficiency and model accuracy. The complex units are replaced by Kriging surrogate models. Aspen HYSYS is used to generated sampling points for the construction of surrogates. A method of dimension reduction is introduced to compact the surrogate models by selecting essential variables. Finally, a hybrid optimization model comprising of the surrogate models for “complex” units and explicit models for the rest of the process is formulated. The cases show the total annual cost of the CO2 removal and compression can be reduced by 20.6%–28.8% for different sweet Gas purity specifications.
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operational strategy and planning for Raw Natural Gas refining complexes process modeling and global optimization
Aiche Journal, 2017Co-Authors: Bing J Zhang, Q.l. Chen, Christodoulos A FloudasAbstract:Optimal operational strategy and planning of a Raw Natural Gas refining complex (RNGRC) is very challenging since it involves highly nonlinear processes, complex thermodynamics, blending, and utility systems. In this article, we first propose a superstructure integrating a utility system for the RNGRC, involving multiple Gas feedstocks, and different product specifications. Then, we develop a large-scale nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimization model. The model incorporates rigorous process models for input and output relations based on fundamentals of thermodynamics and unit operations and accurate models for utility systems. To reduce the noncovex items in the proposed MINLP model, equivalent reformulation techniques are introduced. Finally, the reformulated nonconvex MINLP model is solved to global optimality using state of the art deterministic global optimization approaches. The computational results demonstrate that a significant profit increase is achieved using the proposed approach compared to that from the real operation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 652–668, 2017
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A New Adsorption Process to Intensify Liquefied Petroleum Gas Recovery from Raw Natural Gas
Energy Procedia, 2015Co-Authors: B.j. Zhang, Q.l. ChenAbstract:Raw Natural Gas from Gas wells typically consists of methane, Gaseous hydrocarbons, acid Gases, water, liquid hydrocarbons, etc. The Raw Natural Gas must be purified to produce the pipeline quality dry Natural Gas for residential, commercial and industrial consumers. The existing Natural Gas processing often roughly separates the Raw Natural Gas into Gaseous phase dry Natural Gas and liquid-phase Gas condensate without extracting the high-priced liquefied petroleum Gas (LPG). And thus, the LPG is sold along with cheaper dry Gas and Natural Gas condensate. In addition, the Gas condensate, in which LPG components like propane and butane, are often stored under atmospheric pressure, and most LPG components will be burnt after escaping from the breathing valve, which will also harm the environment. Some companies have tried to add LPG production line by adding more columns, which is not feasible economically. We present a new chemical adsorption flowsheet to enhance the LPG recovery. A comparison between the two processes is made, and the result shows that the chemical adsorption process is highly economical.
