The Experts below are selected from a list of 45 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alex C Wiedenhoeft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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force of habit shrubs trees and contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity using croton euphorbiaceae as a model system
Annals of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Rafael Arevalo, Ricarda Riina, Paul E Berry, Alex C WiedenhoeftAbstract:Background and Aims: Wood is a major innovation of land plants, and is usually a central component of the body plan for two major plant habits: shrubs and trees. Wood anatomical syndromes vary between shrubs and trees, but no prior work has explicitly evaluated the contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity in the context of these plant habits. Methods: Phylogenetic comparative methods were used to test for contingent evolution of habit, habitat and wood anatomy in the mega-diverse genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae), across the largest and most complete molecular phylogeny of the genus to date. Key Results: Plant habit and habitat are highly correlated, but most wood anatomical features correlate more strongly with habit. The ancestral Croton was reconstructed as a tree, the wood of which is inferred to have absent or indistinct growth rings, confluent-like axial Parenchyma, procumbent Ray Cells and disjunctive Ray Parenchyma Cell walls. The taxa sampled showed multiple independent origins of the shrub habit in Croton , and this habit shift is contingent on several wood anatomical features (e.g. similar vessel-Ray pits, thick fibre walls, perforated Ray Cells). The only wood anatomical trait correlated with habitat and not habit was the presence of helical thickenings in the vessel elements of mesic Croton . Conclusions: Plant functional traits, individually or in suites, are responses to multiple and often confounding contexts in evolution. By establishing an explicit contingent evolutionary framework, the interplay between habit, habitat and wood anatomical diversity was dissected in the genus Croton . Both habit and habitat influence the evolution of wood anatomical characters, and conversely, the wood anatomy of lineages can affect shifts in plant habit and habitat. This study hypothesizes novel putatively functional trait associations in woody plant structure that could be further tested in a variety of other taxa.
Rafael Arevalo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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force of habit shrubs trees and contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity using croton euphorbiaceae as a model system
Annals of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Rafael Arevalo, Ricarda Riina, Paul E Berry, Alex C WiedenhoeftAbstract:Background and Aims: Wood is a major innovation of land plants, and is usually a central component of the body plan for two major plant habits: shrubs and trees. Wood anatomical syndromes vary between shrubs and trees, but no prior work has explicitly evaluated the contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity in the context of these plant habits. Methods: Phylogenetic comparative methods were used to test for contingent evolution of habit, habitat and wood anatomy in the mega-diverse genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae), across the largest and most complete molecular phylogeny of the genus to date. Key Results: Plant habit and habitat are highly correlated, but most wood anatomical features correlate more strongly with habit. The ancestral Croton was reconstructed as a tree, the wood of which is inferred to have absent or indistinct growth rings, confluent-like axial Parenchyma, procumbent Ray Cells and disjunctive Ray Parenchyma Cell walls. The taxa sampled showed multiple independent origins of the shrub habit in Croton , and this habit shift is contingent on several wood anatomical features (e.g. similar vessel-Ray pits, thick fibre walls, perforated Ray Cells). The only wood anatomical trait correlated with habitat and not habit was the presence of helical thickenings in the vessel elements of mesic Croton . Conclusions: Plant functional traits, individually or in suites, are responses to multiple and often confounding contexts in evolution. By establishing an explicit contingent evolutionary framework, the interplay between habit, habitat and wood anatomical diversity was dissected in the genus Croton . Both habit and habitat influence the evolution of wood anatomical characters, and conversely, the wood anatomy of lineages can affect shifts in plant habit and habitat. This study hypothesizes novel putatively functional trait associations in woody plant structure that could be further tested in a variety of other taxa.
Crandall Benson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ultrastructure of pits inPinus banksiana lamb
Wood Science and Technology, 1997Co-Authors: K.c. Yang, Crandall BensonAbstract:The cross-sectional view of pitting between various Cell types in Pinus banksiana Lamb. was studied at the ultrastructural level. Cell types in Pinus banksiana include longitudinal tracheids, Ray tracheids, Ray Parenchyma Cells, “buffer Cells” and epithelial Cells. Two common characteristic features of bordered pit-pairs between longitudinal tracheids are an initial pit border and a thickened torus at the center of the pit membrane. The shape and size of the pit border and torus of bordered pit-pairs between two compression wood Cells, and between the last-formed latewood longitudinal tracheid and first-formed earlywood longitudinal tracheid were different from those in the earlywood and latewood longitudinal tracheids. The pit border on the Ray tracheid side varied in size and shape due to wall dentation. No initial pit border was found on the pit border of the Ray tracheid side. The shape of bordered pit-pairs between two Ray tracheids varied considerably due to irregularity of the dentate Cell wall. The size of bordered pit-pairs in longitudinal tracheids was between 16 μm to 20 μm, which was twice the diameter of bordered pit-pairs in Ray tracheids. Bordered pitpairs at the end wall of two Ray tracheids appeared to be the smallest at 5 μm, Pit aspiration occurred in the bordered pit-pairs with or without a torus. In the heartwood zone, some half-borders pit-pairs between tracheary and Ray Parenchyma Cells showed an additional secondary wall on the Ray Parenchyma Cell side. Plasmodesmata were found in the half-bordered pit-pairs as well in the simple pit-pairs. Blind pits were observed between a Ray tracheid and a longitudinal tracheid. Bordered pit-pairs between two “buffer Cells” were also observed. The possible functions of buffer Cells were discussed.
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Ultrastructure of pits in Pinus banksiana Lamb
Wood Science and Technology, 1997Co-Authors: K.c. Yang, Crandall BensonAbstract:The cross-sectional view of pitting between various Cell types inPinus banksiana Lamb. was studied at the ultrastructural level. Cell types inPinus banksiana include longitudinal tracheids, Ray tracheids, Ray Parenchyma Cells, “buffer Cells” and epithelial Cells. Two common characteristic features of bordered pit-pairs between longitudinal tracheids are an initial pit border and a thickened torus at the center of the pit membrane. The shape and size of the pit border and torus of bordered pit-pairs between two compression wood Cells, and between the last-formed latewood longitudinal tracheid and first-formed earlywood longitudinal tracheid were different from those in the earlywood and latewood longitudinal tracheids. The pit border on the Ray tracheid side varied in size and shape due to wall dentation. No initial pit border was found on the pit border of the Ray tracheid side. The shape of bordered pit-pairs between two Ray tracheids varied considerably due to irregularity of the dentate Cell wall. The size of bordered pit-pairs in longitudinal tracheids was between 16 μm to 20 μm, which was twice the diameter of bordered pit-pairs in Ray tracheids. Bordered pitpairs at the end wall of two Ray tracheids appeared to be the smallest at 5 μm, Pit aspiration occurred in the bordered pit-pairs with or without a torus. In the heartwood zone, some half-borders pit-pairs between tracheary and Ray Parenchyma Cells showed an additional secondary wall on the Ray Parenchyma Cell side. Plasmodesmata were found in the half-bordered pit-pairs as well in the simple pit-pairs. Blind pits were observed between a Ray tracheid and a longitudinal tracheid. Bordered pit-pairs between two “buffer Cells” were also observed. The possible functions of buffer Cells were discussed.
K.c. Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ultrastructure of pits inPinus banksiana lamb
Wood Science and Technology, 1997Co-Authors: K.c. Yang, Crandall BensonAbstract:The cross-sectional view of pitting between various Cell types in Pinus banksiana Lamb. was studied at the ultrastructural level. Cell types in Pinus banksiana include longitudinal tracheids, Ray tracheids, Ray Parenchyma Cells, “buffer Cells” and epithelial Cells. Two common characteristic features of bordered pit-pairs between longitudinal tracheids are an initial pit border and a thickened torus at the center of the pit membrane. The shape and size of the pit border and torus of bordered pit-pairs between two compression wood Cells, and between the last-formed latewood longitudinal tracheid and first-formed earlywood longitudinal tracheid were different from those in the earlywood and latewood longitudinal tracheids. The pit border on the Ray tracheid side varied in size and shape due to wall dentation. No initial pit border was found on the pit border of the Ray tracheid side. The shape of bordered pit-pairs between two Ray tracheids varied considerably due to irregularity of the dentate Cell wall. The size of bordered pit-pairs in longitudinal tracheids was between 16 μm to 20 μm, which was twice the diameter of bordered pit-pairs in Ray tracheids. Bordered pitpairs at the end wall of two Ray tracheids appeared to be the smallest at 5 μm, Pit aspiration occurred in the bordered pit-pairs with or without a torus. In the heartwood zone, some half-borders pit-pairs between tracheary and Ray Parenchyma Cells showed an additional secondary wall on the Ray Parenchyma Cell side. Plasmodesmata were found in the half-bordered pit-pairs as well in the simple pit-pairs. Blind pits were observed between a Ray tracheid and a longitudinal tracheid. Bordered pit-pairs between two “buffer Cells” were also observed. The possible functions of buffer Cells were discussed.
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Ultrastructure of pits in Pinus banksiana Lamb
Wood Science and Technology, 1997Co-Authors: K.c. Yang, Crandall BensonAbstract:The cross-sectional view of pitting between various Cell types inPinus banksiana Lamb. was studied at the ultrastructural level. Cell types inPinus banksiana include longitudinal tracheids, Ray tracheids, Ray Parenchyma Cells, “buffer Cells” and epithelial Cells. Two common characteristic features of bordered pit-pairs between longitudinal tracheids are an initial pit border and a thickened torus at the center of the pit membrane. The shape and size of the pit border and torus of bordered pit-pairs between two compression wood Cells, and between the last-formed latewood longitudinal tracheid and first-formed earlywood longitudinal tracheid were different from those in the earlywood and latewood longitudinal tracheids. The pit border on the Ray tracheid side varied in size and shape due to wall dentation. No initial pit border was found on the pit border of the Ray tracheid side. The shape of bordered pit-pairs between two Ray tracheids varied considerably due to irregularity of the dentate Cell wall. The size of bordered pit-pairs in longitudinal tracheids was between 16 μm to 20 μm, which was twice the diameter of bordered pit-pairs in Ray tracheids. Bordered pitpairs at the end wall of two Ray tracheids appeared to be the smallest at 5 μm, Pit aspiration occurred in the bordered pit-pairs with or without a torus. In the heartwood zone, some half-borders pit-pairs between tracheary and Ray Parenchyma Cells showed an additional secondary wall on the Ray Parenchyma Cell side. Plasmodesmata were found in the half-bordered pit-pairs as well in the simple pit-pairs. Blind pits were observed between a Ray tracheid and a longitudinal tracheid. Bordered pit-pairs between two “buffer Cells” were also observed. The possible functions of buffer Cells were discussed.
Paul E Berry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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force of habit shrubs trees and contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity using croton euphorbiaceae as a model system
Annals of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Rafael Arevalo, Ricarda Riina, Paul E Berry, Alex C WiedenhoeftAbstract:Background and Aims: Wood is a major innovation of land plants, and is usually a central component of the body plan for two major plant habits: shrubs and trees. Wood anatomical syndromes vary between shrubs and trees, but no prior work has explicitly evaluated the contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity in the context of these plant habits. Methods: Phylogenetic comparative methods were used to test for contingent evolution of habit, habitat and wood anatomy in the mega-diverse genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae), across the largest and most complete molecular phylogeny of the genus to date. Key Results: Plant habit and habitat are highly correlated, but most wood anatomical features correlate more strongly with habit. The ancestral Croton was reconstructed as a tree, the wood of which is inferred to have absent or indistinct growth rings, confluent-like axial Parenchyma, procumbent Ray Cells and disjunctive Ray Parenchyma Cell walls. The taxa sampled showed multiple independent origins of the shrub habit in Croton , and this habit shift is contingent on several wood anatomical features (e.g. similar vessel-Ray pits, thick fibre walls, perforated Ray Cells). The only wood anatomical trait correlated with habitat and not habit was the presence of helical thickenings in the vessel elements of mesic Croton . Conclusions: Plant functional traits, individually or in suites, are responses to multiple and often confounding contexts in evolution. By establishing an explicit contingent evolutionary framework, the interplay between habit, habitat and wood anatomical diversity was dissected in the genus Croton . Both habit and habitat influence the evolution of wood anatomical characters, and conversely, the wood anatomy of lineages can affect shifts in plant habit and habitat. This study hypothesizes novel putatively functional trait associations in woody plant structure that could be further tested in a variety of other taxa.
