Rear Tire

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Best Bike Tires - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

E Haghgoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pareto optimization of a five degree of freedom vehicle vibration model using a multi objective uniform diversity genetic algorithm muga
    Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2010
    Co-Authors: N Narimanzadeh, M Salehpour, A Jamali, E Haghgoo
    Abstract:

    In this paper, a new multi-objective uniform-diversity genetic algorithm (MUGA) with a diversity preserving mechanism called the @e-elimination algorithm is used for Pareto optimization of a five-degree of freedom vehicle vibration model considering the five conflicting functions simultaneously. The important conflicting objective functions that have been considered in this work are, namely, seat acceleration, forward Tire velocity, Rear Tire velocity, relative displacement between sprung mass and forward Tire and relative displacement between sprung mass and Rear Tire. Further, different pairs of these objective functions have also been selected for 2-objective optimization processes. The comparison of the obtained results with those in the literature demonstrates the superiority of the results of this work. It is shown that the results of 5-objective optimization include those of 2-objective optimization and, therefore, provide more choices for optimal design of a vehicle vibration model.

David A Renfroe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Vehicle Evaluation During Sustained Solid Axle Tramp: Part 2 — Application of Methodology to Shock Absorber Design Strategies
    Volume 12: Transportation Systems, 2015
    Co-Authors: Paul T. Semones, H. Alex Roberts, David A Renfroe
    Abstract:

    EI Consultants (formerly The Engineering Institute) has, for over a decade, researched and tested methods of mitigating the controllability effects of solid Rear axle tramp by optimizing Rear axle rotational damping. This optimization has explored the balance between increasing the damping forces of the shock absorbers and increasing the distance between the shock absorbers positioned along the axle. Axle tramp is detrimental to vehicle handling and stability, since the reduction in normal force at the Rear Tires can lead to a total loss of control situation. On solid Rear axles such as those common on SUVs and light trucks, underdamped tramp motion will result in an oversteer characteristic of the vehicle as the Rear lateral capacity is compromised due to the Tires alternately bouncing out of firm contact with the road surface. In severe cases of axle tramp, the alternating normal forces at both the input Tire and the opposite Tire will go to zero when each Tire fully leaves contact with the ground. EI Consultants has tested numerous SUVs and light trucks and their responses to axle tramp. In order to excite the tramp mode in a sustained fashion for close study of suspension design alternatives, the test methodology utilizes one Rear Tire with three vulcanized rubber lumps, placed equidistant about the circumference of the Tire. Throughout this research, increased effective rotational damping has been repeatedly demonstrated to have a direct relationship to increased controllability. The most recent testing included maneuvers modeled after those recommended in test standard SAE J266: Steady-State Directional Control Characteristics for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. This testing included multiple shock absorber configurations, and the data was analyzed in multiple domains to provide insight on the effectiveness of various shock absorber design strategies. Several shock absorber design variables were evaluated, with the most significant of these being the lateral distance between the shock mounts along the axle. Other variables that were able to be observed and evaluated in the latest testing included the balance between shock absorber rebound and compression forces, and the relative effect of “staggered” shocks in side-view angle, where one shock is positioned with a Rearward angle, and the other shock is positioned with a forward angle. The effectiveness of placing shocks further apart along the length of the axle was unmatched. This paper is the second of two companion papers presenting theory and results on EI Consultants’ most recent axle tramp testing. Where the first paper focused on new understandings of test data analysis theory, this paper will summarize the results of numerous tests and their application to various design strategies for improving solid Rear axle tramp damping, with a motivation for enhancing vehicle controllability and highway safety.

  • Effects of the Process of Rear Tire Delamination on Vehicle Stability
    2007
    Co-Authors: David A Renfroe, H. Alex Roberts, David Beltran
    Abstract:

    The effects of the delaminated Tire after a tread separation event on the handling of a vehicle have been well documented. However, the period when the Tire is delaminating, which can last from about one and one half to many seconds, can pose a serious threat to vehicle stability depending on the duration of the delamination process, the design of the Rear suspension of the vehicle, and the speed at which the delamination commences. This paper will present the results of testing where a delaminating Tire results in a bump on the Tire and a subsequent loss of control even with expert drivers. Similar vehicles were tested under a controlled environment to determine that the cause of the loss of control is axle tramp induced by the bump frequency of the delamination occurring at the natural frequency of the axle/spring (the Tire is the dominant spring) system. During this tramping the handling characteristics become severely oversteer. The resulting oversteer has been measured using standard SAE J266 test procedures for various models of vehicles characterized by a Hotchkiss type Rear suspension system. Proposed solutions were increasing the tramp damping characteristics of the axle system and/or the addition of dual wheels on certain vehicles. These solutions are examined for their effectiveness. Testing will illustrate how proper shock absorber sizing and placement will have a positive effect on the oversteer situation.

  • Designing for Vehicle Stability During Rear Tire Tread Separation Events
    Engineering Technology Management: Engineering Business Management Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis Technology and Society, 2006
    Co-Authors: David A Renfroe, Alex Roberts
    Abstract:

    Rear Tire separation or delamination events affect the Rear wheel adhesion and thus the vehicle stability. Maintenance of the lateral force of the Tires on the Rear axle of a vehicle is paramount to vehicle control. Tire tread separation events are, unfortunately, a foreseeable event for which allowance in the design of the vehicle must be made. Testing of vehicles illustrates how loss of control of a vehicle can occur if, during the process of delamination, the excitation of the Rear wheel due to the delaminating tread causes tramp on the Rear axle of the vehicle. This tramp occurs if the excitation is at the natural frequency of the Rear axle. For solid Rear axle vehicles, this natural frequency coincides with the rotational frequency of the wheel when traveling at highway speed. The tramp motion can be so severe to cause the Tires to alternately leave the ground. Testing of the vehicle with excitation within the natural frequency of the axle/Tire combination during an SAE J266 circle test, showed an oversteer gradient of 12 to 19 degrees per g, resulting in a critical speed of approximately 28 mph (45 kph), a highly unstable situation while traveling at highway speed. This paper reports from testing results how the vehicle may, be designed to eliminate the dangerous tramp mode by proper installation of the shock absorbers and proper shock damping characteristics. The test results show that the vehicle can maintain a continuous understeer characteristic during the Rear wheel excitation at the natural frequency.

  • designing for vehicle stability during Rear Tire tread separation events
    Engineering Technology Management: Engineering Business Management Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis Technology and Society, 2006
    Co-Authors: David A Renfroe, Alex Roberts
    Abstract:

    Rear Tire separation or delamination events affect the Rear wheel adhesion and thus the vehicle stability. Maintenance of the lateral force of the Tires on the Rear axle of a vehicle is paramount to vehicle control. Tire tread separation events are, unfortunately, a foreseeable event for which allowance in the design of the vehicle must be made. Testing of vehicles illustrates how loss of control of a vehicle can occur if, during the process of delamination, the excitation of the Rear wheel due to the delaminating tread causes tramp on the Rear axle of the vehicle. This tramp occurs if the excitation is at the natural frequency of the Rear axle. For solid Rear axle vehicles, this natural frequency coincides with the rotational frequency of the wheel when traveling at highway speed. The tramp motion can be so severe to cause the Tires to alternately leave the ground. Testing of the vehicle with excitation within the natural frequency of the axle/Tire combination during an SAE J266 circle test, showed an oversteer gradient of 12 to 19 degrees per g, resulting in a critical speed of approximately 28 mph (45 kph), a highly unstable situation while traveling at highway speed. This paper reports from testing results how the vehicle may, be designed to eliminate the dangerous tramp mode by proper installation of the shock absorbers and proper shock damping characteristics. The test results show that the vehicle can maintain a continuous understeer characteristic during the Rear wheel excitation at the natural frequency.Copyright © 2006 by ASME

N Narimanzadeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pareto optimization of a five degree of freedom vehicle vibration model using a multi objective uniform diversity genetic algorithm muga
    Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2010
    Co-Authors: N Narimanzadeh, M Salehpour, A Jamali, E Haghgoo
    Abstract:

    In this paper, a new multi-objective uniform-diversity genetic algorithm (MUGA) with a diversity preserving mechanism called the @e-elimination algorithm is used for Pareto optimization of a five-degree of freedom vehicle vibration model considering the five conflicting functions simultaneously. The important conflicting objective functions that have been considered in this work are, namely, seat acceleration, forward Tire velocity, Rear Tire velocity, relative displacement between sprung mass and forward Tire and relative displacement between sprung mass and Rear Tire. Further, different pairs of these objective functions have also been selected for 2-objective optimization processes. The comparison of the obtained results with those in the literature demonstrates the superiority of the results of this work. It is shown that the results of 5-objective optimization include those of 2-objective optimization and, therefore, provide more choices for optimal design of a vehicle vibration model.

Pupinis Gediminas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of variations in front wheels driving lead on performance of a farm tractor with mechanical front-wheel-drive
    'Elsevier BV', 2020
    Co-Authors: Janulevičius Algirdas, Damanauskas Vidas, Pupinis Gediminas
    Abstract:

    WOS:000430900300003Most previous researches indicate that about 20–55% of available tractor power is lost in the process of interaction between Tires and soil surface. Vertical wheel loads and Tire performance are parameters that play a significant role in controlling slip and fuel consumption of a tractor. Tractor’s slip is adjusted by attaching additional weights and/or reducing Tire pressures, and this may have an impact on driving lead of front wheels. Mechanical Front-Wheel-Drive (MFWD) tractors work efficiently when driving lead of front wheels is 3–4% in soft soil and 1–2% in hard soil. This research was aimed to experimentally determine such Tire pressures that allow adjusting tractor’s slip without deviating from set value of driving lead of front wheels. The research was also aimed to determine the effect of driving lead of front wheels on MFWD tractor’s slip and fuel consumption. Experimental results showed that front/Rear Tire pressure combinations that generate a well-targeted driving lead of front wheels have no effect on slip on hard soil; however, it significantly affect fuel consumption. Results show that when air pressures in front/Rear Tires varied within 80–220 kPa, driving lead of front wheels varied in the range from +7.25% to −0.5%Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • How driving wheels of front-loaded tractor interact with the terrain depending on Tire pressures
    'Elsevier BV', 2020
    Co-Authors: Janulevičius Algirdas, Pupinis Gediminas, Kurkauskas Vaclovas
    Abstract:

    This paper analyzes peculiarities of wheel interaction with the terrain for 4WD tractors working with front-mounted loaders. When tractor wheels are loaded by a vertical forces that do not correspond to the specified proportions, deformations of front and Rear Tires also do not correspond to the specified proportions, and this leads to a kinematic discrepancy because of change in ratio between driving wheels’ rolling radiuses. In case of kinematic discrepancy, wheel slip/skid is taking place. In the paper test results are presented, how driving wheels’ slip/skid of 4WD tractors with front-mounted loaders depend on the vertical loads acting on the wheels and their Tire inflation pressures. It was determined that there are dependences on relation between front and Rear Tire pressures, which allow avoiding wheel slip/skid for the 4WD tractor with front-mounted loader that runs without a load and transports loads. By preparing a tractor for work with front-mounted loader, it is advisable for operator to select a set of Tires that would ensure the lead of front wheels lesser compared to the lead that is commonly used for traction works. In this case, the operator creates conditions for wheels’ interaction with the terrain without slip/skid at higher inflation pressures in the front TiresVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Investigation of interaction road surface with drive wheels of the tractor "4x4"
    2020
    Co-Authors: Kurkauskas Vaclovas, Janulevičius Algirdas, Damanauskas Vidas, Pupinis Gediminas
    Abstract:

    Straipsnyje analizuojami traktorių 4x4 varančiųjų ratų sąveikos su kelio paviršiumi ypatumai. Apžvelgiama ratų vertikalios apkrovos ir oro slėgio padangose įtaka buksavimo bei traukos jėgai. Nagrinėjami traktoriaus „4x4" priekinių ir užpakalinių varančiųjų ratų teoriniai greičiai, jų įtaka varančiųjų ratų sąveikai su kelio paviršiumi. Straipsnyje pagrindžiama, kad traktoriaus „4x4" varantysismomentas transmisijoje turėtų būti paskirstomas abiems varantiesiems tiltams proporcinga kibumo koeficiento, vertikaliosios apkrovos ir riedėjimo spindulio sandaugoms. Pateikiami traktoriaus „4x4" eksploatuojamo su frontaliniu krautuvu ratų sąveikos su kelio paviršiumi priklausomybių nuo ratų vertikalių apkrovų ir padangose eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatai. Nustatyti ir pateikti optimalus oro slėgių užpakalinėse ir priekinėse padangose dydžiai traktoriui „4x4" eksploatuojamam su frontaliniu krautuvuThis paper analyzes the 4x4-wheel drive tractors interaction with the road surface characteristics. An overview of the vertical wheel load and Tire pressure influence slippage and traction force can be released. Analyzed Tractor 4x4 front and Rear wheel speeds are theoretical and their influence on the driving wheel to interact with the road surface. The article substantiates the Tractor 4x4 driveline. drive torque to be distributed to both propulsion wheel axles in proportion to their stickiness factor of the vertical load and the rolling radius of the product. Presented Tractor 4x4 with front loader operated wheel drive interaction with the road surface dependencies of the vertical wheel load and Tire pressure experimental results. Identify and provide the optimum air pressure in the front and Rear Tire sizes tractor "4x4" operated with a front loaderVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

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