The Experts below are selected from a list of 921 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tomasz Drewa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reconstructive Urology and tissue engineering: Converging developmental paths.
Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Jan Adamowicz, Blazej Kuffel, Shane Vontelin Van Breda, Marta Pokrwczynska, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Reconstructive Urology is a complex and demanding branch of modern Urology. Complicated cases, necessity of microsurgical approach, and constant exposure to urine make urinary reconstruction especially difficult. With impaired healing, excessive scarring, and recurring fibrosis, functional results are still not satisfying. For better, more successful outcomes, a novel tissue engineering technology-based solutions are being gradually investigated. The use of tissue engineering is the most promising strategy to improve results of Reconstructive Urology procedures due to possibility of designing organ-specific grafts. Moreover, targeted modification of healing environment by stem cells and growth factors is a unique opportunity that might bring Reconstructive Urology on molecular level. This review defined limitations and problems encountered in Reconstructive Urology and discussed relevant tissue engineering-based achievements in the field of urethra, urinary bladder, and ureter regeneration. The background justifying tissue engineering approach to urethra, urinary bladder, and ureter reconstruction was discussed. Then, the wide range of experimental methods utilising biomaterials and cell seeding was deliberated to show readers the current tools offered by tissue engineering. At the end, we characterised major challenges that are needed to be addressed before tissue entering would become standard technology in urological departments.
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Application of amniotic membrane in Reconstructive Urology; the promising biomaterial worth further investigation.
Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2018Co-Authors: Jan Adamowicz, Marta Pokrywczynska, Shane Vontelin Van Breda, Dominik Tyloch, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Introduction: In Reconstructive Urology, autologous tissues such as intestinal segments, skin, and oral mucosa are used. Due to their limitations, Reconstructive urologists are waiting for a novel material, which would be suitable for urinary tract wall replacement. Human amniotic membrane (AM) is a naturally derived biomaterial with a capacity to support reepithelization and inhibit scar formation. AM has a potential to become a considerable asset for Reconstructive Urology, i.e., reconstruction of ureters, urinary bladder, and urethrae. Areas covered: This review aims to discuss the potential application of human AM in Reconstructive Urology. The environment for urinary tract healing is particularly unfavorable due to the presence of urine. Due to its fetal origin, the bioactivity of AM is orientated to induce intrinsic regeneration mechanisms and inhibit scarring. This review introduces the concept of applying human AM in Reconstructive Urology procedures to improve their outcomes and future tissue engineering based strategies. Expert opinion: Many fields of medicine that have accomplished translational research have proven the usefulness of AM in clinical practice. There is an urgent need for studies to be conducted on large animal models that might convincingly demonstrate the underestimated potential of AM to urologists around the world.
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Review Article Application of Bladder Acellular Matrix in Urinary Bladder Regeneration: The State of the Art and Future Directions
2016Co-Authors: Marta Pokrywczynska, Iga Gubańska, Gerard Drewa, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Copyright © 2015 Marta Pokrywczynska et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Construction of the urinary bladder de novo using tissue engineering technologies is the “holy grail ” of Reconstructive Urology. The search for the ideal biomaterial for urinary bladder reconstruction has been ongoing for decades. One of the most promising biomaterials for this purpose seems to be bladder acellular matrix (BAM). In this review we determine the most important factors, which may affect biological and physical properties of BAM and its regeneration potential in tissue engineered urinary bladder. We also point out the directions in modification of BAM, which include incorporation of exogenous growth factors into the BAM structure. Finally, we discuss the results of the urinary bladder regeneration with cell seeded BAM. 1
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Application of bladder acellular matrix in urinary bladder regeneration: the state of the art and future directions.
BioMed research international, 2015Co-Authors: Marta Pokrywczynska, Iga Gubańska, Gerard Drewa, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Construction of the urinary bladder de novo using tissue engineering technologies is the “holy grail” of Reconstructive Urology. The search for the ideal biomaterial for urinary bladder reconstruction has been ongoing for decades. One of the most promising biomaterials for this purpose seems to be bladder acellular matrix (BAM). In this review we determine the most important factors, which may affect biological and physical properties of BAM and its regeneration potential in tissue engineered urinary bladder. We also point out the directions in modification of BAM, which include incorporation of exogenous growth factors into the BAM structure. Finally, we discuss the results of the urinary bladder regeneration with cell seeded BAM.
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human urinary bladder regeneration through tissue engineering an analysis of 131 clinical cases
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Marta Pokrywczynska, Jan Adamowicz, Arun Sharma, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Replacement of urinary bladder tissue with functional equivalents remains one of the most challenging problems of Reconstructive Urology over the last several decades. The gold standard treatment f...
Jan Adamowicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reconstructive Urology and tissue engineering: Converging developmental paths.
Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Jan Adamowicz, Blazej Kuffel, Shane Vontelin Van Breda, Marta Pokrwczynska, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Reconstructive Urology is a complex and demanding branch of modern Urology. Complicated cases, necessity of microsurgical approach, and constant exposure to urine make urinary reconstruction especially difficult. With impaired healing, excessive scarring, and recurring fibrosis, functional results are still not satisfying. For better, more successful outcomes, a novel tissue engineering technology-based solutions are being gradually investigated. The use of tissue engineering is the most promising strategy to improve results of Reconstructive Urology procedures due to possibility of designing organ-specific grafts. Moreover, targeted modification of healing environment by stem cells and growth factors is a unique opportunity that might bring Reconstructive Urology on molecular level. This review defined limitations and problems encountered in Reconstructive Urology and discussed relevant tissue engineering-based achievements in the field of urethra, urinary bladder, and ureter regeneration. The background justifying tissue engineering approach to urethra, urinary bladder, and ureter reconstruction was discussed. Then, the wide range of experimental methods utilising biomaterials and cell seeding was deliberated to show readers the current tools offered by tissue engineering. At the end, we characterised major challenges that are needed to be addressed before tissue entering would become standard technology in urological departments.
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Application of amniotic membrane in Reconstructive Urology; the promising biomaterial worth further investigation.
Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2018Co-Authors: Jan Adamowicz, Marta Pokrywczynska, Shane Vontelin Van Breda, Dominik Tyloch, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Introduction: In Reconstructive Urology, autologous tissues such as intestinal segments, skin, and oral mucosa are used. Due to their limitations, Reconstructive urologists are waiting for a novel material, which would be suitable for urinary tract wall replacement. Human amniotic membrane (AM) is a naturally derived biomaterial with a capacity to support reepithelization and inhibit scar formation. AM has a potential to become a considerable asset for Reconstructive Urology, i.e., reconstruction of ureters, urinary bladder, and urethrae. Areas covered: This review aims to discuss the potential application of human AM in Reconstructive Urology. The environment for urinary tract healing is particularly unfavorable due to the presence of urine. Due to its fetal origin, the bioactivity of AM is orientated to induce intrinsic regeneration mechanisms and inhibit scarring. This review introduces the concept of applying human AM in Reconstructive Urology procedures to improve their outcomes and future tissue engineering based strategies. Expert opinion: Many fields of medicine that have accomplished translational research have proven the usefulness of AM in clinical practice. There is an urgent need for studies to be conducted on large animal models that might convincingly demonstrate the underestimated potential of AM to urologists around the world.
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New Amniotic Membrane Based Biocomposite for Future Application in Reconstructive Urology
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: Jan Adamowicz, Marta Pokrywczynska, Shane Vontelin Van Breda, Dominik Tyloch, J. Tworkiewicz, Tomasz Kowalczyk, Tomasz Kloskowski, Magda Bodnar, J. Skopinska-wisniewska, Andrzej MarszałekAbstract:Objective Due to the capacity of the amniotic membrane (Am) to support re-epithelisation and inhibit scar formation, Am has a potential to become a considerable asset for Reconstructive Urology i.e., reconstruction of ureters and urethrae. The application of Am in Reconstructive Urology is limited due to a poor mechanical characteristic. Am reinforcement with electrospun nanofibers offers a new strategy to improve Am mechanical resistance, without affecting its unique bioactivity profile. This study evaluated biocomposite material composed of Am and nanofibers as a graft for urinary bladder augmentation in a rat model. Material and Methods Sandwich-structured biocomposite material was constructed from frozen Am and covered on both sides with two-layered membranes prepared from electrospun poly-(L-lactide-co-E-caprolactone) (PLCL). Wistar rats underwent hemicystectomy and bladder augmentation with the biocomposite material. Results Immunohistohemical analysis (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], anti-smoothelin and Masson’s trichrome staining [TRI]) revealed effective regeneration of the urothelial and smooth muscle layers. Anti-smoothelin staining confirmed the presence of contractile smooth muscle within a new bladder wall. Sandwich-structured biocomposite graft material was designed to regenerate the urinary bladder wall, fulfilling the requirements for normal bladder tension, contraction, elasticity and compliance. Mechanical evaluation of regenerated bladder wall conducted based on Young’s elastic modulus reflected changes in the histological remodeling of the augmented part of the bladder. The structure of the biocomposite material made it possible to deliver an intact Am to the area for regeneration. An unmodified Am surface supported regeneration of the urinary bladder wall and the PLCL membranes did not disturb the regeneration process. Conclusions Am reinforcement with electrospun nanofibers offers a new strategy to improve Am mechanical resistance without affecting its unique bioactivity profile.
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human urinary bladder regeneration through tissue engineering an analysis of 131 clinical cases
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Marta Pokrywczynska, Jan Adamowicz, Arun Sharma, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Replacement of urinary bladder tissue with functional equivalents remains one of the most challenging problems of Reconstructive Urology over the last several decades. The gold standard treatment f...
Silke Riechardt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Learning benefits of live surgery and semi-live surgery in Urology—informing the debate with results from the International Meeting of Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) VIII
World Journal of Urology, 2020Co-Authors: Victor M Schuettfort, Malte W Vetterlein, Valentin Maurer, Tim A. Ludwig, Phillip Marks, Constantin Fuehner, Florian Janisch, Armin Soave, Michael Rink, Silke RiechardtAbstract:Purpose To analyze the perceived learning opportunities of participants of the International Meeting on Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) VIII for both live surgery demonstrations (LSD) and semi-live surgery demonstrations (SLSD). Safety and educational efficacy of LSD and SLSD at live surgery events (LSE) have been debated extensively, however, objective data comparing learning benefits are missing. Methods We conducted a detailed survey, which employed the Kirkpatrick model, a well-established assessment method of training models, to investigate participants preferences as well as the learning benefit of LSE. Furthermore, we employed an audience response system and the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), a well-established assessment method of surgery skills, to let our participants rate the perceived learning opportunity of LSD and SLSD. Results Of 229 participants at the IMORU VIII, 39.7% returned our questionnaires. 90% stated that they prefer LSD. On all levels of Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model, the IMORU received high ratings, suggesting a high learning benefit. For the assessment of OSATS, a total of 23 surgical cases were evaluable. For all six utilized items, LSD scored significantly better ratings than SLSD. Conclusion Our study suggests that there is still a rationale for LSD, as participants attributed a statistically significant higher learning benefit to LSD over SLDS. Evaluation of the survey showed that for LSE such as the IMORU VIII, a high learning benefit can be expected. Considering that most of our participants are active surgeons with high caseloads, their opinion on the educational value of LSE is of high relevance.
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Learning benefits of live surgery and semi-live surgery in Urology-informing the debate with results from the International Meeting of Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) VIII.
World journal of urology, 2020Co-Authors: Victor M Schuettfort, Tim Ludwig, Malte W Vetterlein, Valentin Maurer, Phillip Marks, Constantin Fuehner, Florian Janisch, Armin Soave, Michael Rink, Silke RiechardtAbstract:PURPOSE To analyze the perceived learning opportunities of participants of the International Meeting on Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) VIII for both live surgery demonstrations (LSD) and semi-live surgery demonstrations (SLSD). Safety and educational efficacy of LSD and SLSD at live surgery events (LSE) have been debated extensively, however, objective data comparing learning benefits are missing. METHODS We conducted a detailed survey, which employed the Kirkpatrick model, a well-established assessment method of training models, to investigate participants preferences as well as the learning benefit of LSE. Furthermore, we employed an audience response system and the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), a well-established assessment method of surgery skills, to let our participants rate the perceived learning opportunity of LSD and SLSD. RESULTS Of 229 participants at the IMORU VIII, 39.7% returned our questionnaires. 90% stated that they prefer LSD. On all levels of Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model, the IMORU received high ratings, suggesting a high learning benefit. For the assessment of OSATS, a total of 23 surgical cases were evaluable. For all six utilized items, LSD scored significantly better ratings than SLSD. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that there is still a rationale for LSD, as participants attributed a statistically significant higher learning benefit to LSD over SLDS. Evaluation of the survey showed that for LSE such as the IMORU VIII, a high learning benefit can be expected. Considering that most of our participants are active surgeons with high caseloads, their opinion on the educational value of LSE is of high relevance.
Victor M Schuettfort - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Learning benefits of live surgery and semi-live surgery in Urology-informing the debate with results from the International Meeting of Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) VIII.
World journal of urology, 2020Co-Authors: Victor M Schuettfort, Tim Ludwig, Malte W Vetterlein, Valentin Maurer, Phillip Marks, Constantin Fuehner, Florian Janisch, Armin Soave, Michael Rink, Silke RiechardtAbstract:PURPOSE To analyze the perceived learning opportunities of participants of the International Meeting on Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) VIII for both live surgery demonstrations (LSD) and semi-live surgery demonstrations (SLSD). Safety and educational efficacy of LSD and SLSD at live surgery events (LSE) have been debated extensively, however, objective data comparing learning benefits are missing. METHODS We conducted a detailed survey, which employed the Kirkpatrick model, a well-established assessment method of training models, to investigate participants preferences as well as the learning benefit of LSE. Furthermore, we employed an audience response system and the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), a well-established assessment method of surgery skills, to let our participants rate the perceived learning opportunity of LSD and SLSD. RESULTS Of 229 participants at the IMORU VIII, 39.7% returned our questionnaires. 90% stated that they prefer LSD. On all levels of Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model, the IMORU received high ratings, suggesting a high learning benefit. For the assessment of OSATS, a total of 23 surgical cases were evaluable. For all six utilized items, LSD scored significantly better ratings than SLSD. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that there is still a rationale for LSD, as participants attributed a statistically significant higher learning benefit to LSD over SLDS. Evaluation of the survey showed that for LSE such as the IMORU VIII, a high learning benefit can be expected. Considering that most of our participants are active surgeons with high caseloads, their opinion on the educational value of LSE is of high relevance.
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Learning benefits of live surgery and semi-live surgery in Urology—informing the debate with results from the International Meeting of Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) VIII
World Journal of Urology, 2020Co-Authors: Victor M Schuettfort, Malte W Vetterlein, Valentin Maurer, Tim A. Ludwig, Phillip Marks, Constantin Fuehner, Florian Janisch, Armin Soave, Michael Rink, Silke RiechardtAbstract:Purpose To analyze the perceived learning opportunities of participants of the International Meeting on Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) VIII for both live surgery demonstrations (LSD) and semi-live surgery demonstrations (SLSD). Safety and educational efficacy of LSD and SLSD at live surgery events (LSE) have been debated extensively, however, objective data comparing learning benefits are missing. Methods We conducted a detailed survey, which employed the Kirkpatrick model, a well-established assessment method of training models, to investigate participants preferences as well as the learning benefit of LSE. Furthermore, we employed an audience response system and the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), a well-established assessment method of surgery skills, to let our participants rate the perceived learning opportunity of LSD and SLSD. Results Of 229 participants at the IMORU VIII, 39.7% returned our questionnaires. 90% stated that they prefer LSD. On all levels of Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model, the IMORU received high ratings, suggesting a high learning benefit. For the assessment of OSATS, a total of 23 surgical cases were evaluable. For all six utilized items, LSD scored significantly better ratings than SLSD. Conclusion Our study suggests that there is still a rationale for LSD, as participants attributed a statistically significant higher learning benefit to LSD over SLDS. Evaluation of the survey showed that for LSE such as the IMORU VIII, a high learning benefit can be expected. Considering that most of our participants are active surgeons with high caseloads, their opinion on the educational value of LSE is of high relevance.
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live surgery in Reconstructive Urology evaluation of the surgical outcome and educational benefit of the international meeting on Reconstructive Urology imoru
World Journal of Urology, 2019Co-Authors: Victor M Schuettfort, Jessica Schoof, Clemens M Rosenbaum, Tim Ludwig, Malte W Vetterlein, Samiramzi Leyhbannurah, Valentin Maurer, Christian Meyer, Roland Dahlem, Margit FischAbstract:PURPOSE The international meeting on Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) is a live surgery event (LSE) where expert surgeons perform various Reconstructive surgeries. To evaluate patient safety, an extended follow-up of the complications of two subsequent IMORU meetings were gathered. Also, a detailed survey concerning the participant's assessment of the educational benefit was performed. METHODS All patients that were operated during the IMORU V and VI were included. Primary endpoint was the analysis of complications. Outcome was reviewed 36 months postoperatively via telephone survey and clinical database assessment, registrating any complications. At IMORU VII all participants were able to participate in a survey using a standardized, not-validated questionnaire concerning the learning effect and the quality of the surgeries. RESULTS 57 operations by 32 different surgeons were reviewed. The total number of any complications (peri- or postoperative) was n = 9 (15.8%) with three major complications. Four (7%) perioperative complications and five (8.8%) postoperative complications were noted. The Charlson score proved to be the only significant recorded predictor of the incidence of any complication (p = 0.019; univariate logistic regression analysis). Participant survey showed that the surgeons, surgical technique, and surgical presentation were perceived as excellent. Improvement of knowledge and of the surgical armamentarium both received positive ratings. CONCLUSIONS This is to our knowledge the first follow-up of LSE in the field of Reconstructive Urology. Rate of complications in general was acceptable. The performed survey showed participants value the quality and the educational benefit. Further studies are needed to improve learning possibilities.
Marta Pokrywczynska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Application of amniotic membrane in Reconstructive Urology; the promising biomaterial worth further investigation.
Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2018Co-Authors: Jan Adamowicz, Marta Pokrywczynska, Shane Vontelin Van Breda, Dominik Tyloch, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Introduction: In Reconstructive Urology, autologous tissues such as intestinal segments, skin, and oral mucosa are used. Due to their limitations, Reconstructive urologists are waiting for a novel material, which would be suitable for urinary tract wall replacement. Human amniotic membrane (AM) is a naturally derived biomaterial with a capacity to support reepithelization and inhibit scar formation. AM has a potential to become a considerable asset for Reconstructive Urology, i.e., reconstruction of ureters, urinary bladder, and urethrae. Areas covered: This review aims to discuss the potential application of human AM in Reconstructive Urology. The environment for urinary tract healing is particularly unfavorable due to the presence of urine. Due to its fetal origin, the bioactivity of AM is orientated to induce intrinsic regeneration mechanisms and inhibit scarring. This review introduces the concept of applying human AM in Reconstructive Urology procedures to improve their outcomes and future tissue engineering based strategies. Expert opinion: Many fields of medicine that have accomplished translational research have proven the usefulness of AM in clinical practice. There is an urgent need for studies to be conducted on large animal models that might convincingly demonstrate the underestimated potential of AM to urologists around the world.
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Review Article Application of Bladder Acellular Matrix in Urinary Bladder Regeneration: The State of the Art and Future Directions
2016Co-Authors: Marta Pokrywczynska, Iga Gubańska, Gerard Drewa, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Copyright © 2015 Marta Pokrywczynska et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Construction of the urinary bladder de novo using tissue engineering technologies is the “holy grail ” of Reconstructive Urology. The search for the ideal biomaterial for urinary bladder reconstruction has been ongoing for decades. One of the most promising biomaterials for this purpose seems to be bladder acellular matrix (BAM). In this review we determine the most important factors, which may affect biological and physical properties of BAM and its regeneration potential in tissue engineered urinary bladder. We also point out the directions in modification of BAM, which include incorporation of exogenous growth factors into the BAM structure. Finally, we discuss the results of the urinary bladder regeneration with cell seeded BAM. 1
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New Amniotic Membrane Based Biocomposite for Future Application in Reconstructive Urology
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: Jan Adamowicz, Marta Pokrywczynska, Shane Vontelin Van Breda, Dominik Tyloch, J. Tworkiewicz, Tomasz Kowalczyk, Tomasz Kloskowski, Magda Bodnar, J. Skopinska-wisniewska, Andrzej MarszałekAbstract:Objective Due to the capacity of the amniotic membrane (Am) to support re-epithelisation and inhibit scar formation, Am has a potential to become a considerable asset for Reconstructive Urology i.e., reconstruction of ureters and urethrae. The application of Am in Reconstructive Urology is limited due to a poor mechanical characteristic. Am reinforcement with electrospun nanofibers offers a new strategy to improve Am mechanical resistance, without affecting its unique bioactivity profile. This study evaluated biocomposite material composed of Am and nanofibers as a graft for urinary bladder augmentation in a rat model. Material and Methods Sandwich-structured biocomposite material was constructed from frozen Am and covered on both sides with two-layered membranes prepared from electrospun poly-(L-lactide-co-E-caprolactone) (PLCL). Wistar rats underwent hemicystectomy and bladder augmentation with the biocomposite material. Results Immunohistohemical analysis (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], anti-smoothelin and Masson’s trichrome staining [TRI]) revealed effective regeneration of the urothelial and smooth muscle layers. Anti-smoothelin staining confirmed the presence of contractile smooth muscle within a new bladder wall. Sandwich-structured biocomposite graft material was designed to regenerate the urinary bladder wall, fulfilling the requirements for normal bladder tension, contraction, elasticity and compliance. Mechanical evaluation of regenerated bladder wall conducted based on Young’s elastic modulus reflected changes in the histological remodeling of the augmented part of the bladder. The structure of the biocomposite material made it possible to deliver an intact Am to the area for regeneration. An unmodified Am surface supported regeneration of the urinary bladder wall and the PLCL membranes did not disturb the regeneration process. Conclusions Am reinforcement with electrospun nanofibers offers a new strategy to improve Am mechanical resistance without affecting its unique bioactivity profile.
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Application of bladder acellular matrix in urinary bladder regeneration: the state of the art and future directions.
BioMed research international, 2015Co-Authors: Marta Pokrywczynska, Iga Gubańska, Gerard Drewa, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Construction of the urinary bladder de novo using tissue engineering technologies is the “holy grail” of Reconstructive Urology. The search for the ideal biomaterial for urinary bladder reconstruction has been ongoing for decades. One of the most promising biomaterials for this purpose seems to be bladder acellular matrix (BAM). In this review we determine the most important factors, which may affect biological and physical properties of BAM and its regeneration potential in tissue engineered urinary bladder. We also point out the directions in modification of BAM, which include incorporation of exogenous growth factors into the BAM structure. Finally, we discuss the results of the urinary bladder regeneration with cell seeded BAM.
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human urinary bladder regeneration through tissue engineering an analysis of 131 clinical cases
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Marta Pokrywczynska, Jan Adamowicz, Arun Sharma, Tomasz DrewaAbstract:Replacement of urinary bladder tissue with functional equivalents remains one of the most challenging problems of Reconstructive Urology over the last several decades. The gold standard treatment f...