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William Gilles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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material compatibility of hvac r system materials with low global warming potential Refrigerants
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, Elyse Sorenson, William GillesAbstract:This article summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (known as hydrofluoroolefin) Refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefin Refrigerants blended with R-32, that were performed to characterize equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next-generation low global warming potential fluorinated Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted with R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and a three-Refrigerant composite blend of R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and R-32, with nine different elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten motor materials. Exposures were carried out in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that materials may encounter in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester and a polyvinyl ether, were evaluated in this study, resulting in a total of 12 different exposure conditions for each of the 27 materials. A summ...
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Material compatibility of HVAC&R system materials with low global warming potential Refrigerants
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, Elyse Sorenson, William GillesAbstract:This article summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (known as hydrofluoroolefin) Refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefin Refrigerants blended with R-32, that were performed to characterize equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next-generation low global warming potential fluorinated Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted with R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and a three-Refrigerant composite blend of R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and R-32, with nine different elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten motor materials. Exposures were carried out in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that materials may encounter in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester and a polyvinyl ether, were evaluated in this study, resulting in a total of 12 different exposure conditions for each of the 27 materials. A summ...
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Material compatibility of HVAC&R system materials with low GWP Refrigerants.
2014Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, William GillesAbstract:When assessing the suitability of next generation Refrigerants for use with current HVAC&R system materials, two areas of concern need to be thoroughly investigated and understood: 1) compatibility of the system materials when in contact with the fluids, and 2) chemical stability of the fluids when exposed to system materials. This paper summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (HFO) Refrigerants, and HFO Refrigerants blended with R32, that were conducted to better understand equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next generation low global warming potential (GWP) Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted in Parr pressure vessels with R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and a threeRefrigerant composite blend of R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and R32 (33% by weight of each), with nine types of elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten different motor materials. Exposures were conducted in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that may be present in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester (POE) and a polyvinyl ether (PVE), were evaluated in the study. In total, each of the materials was exposed to twelve different conditions. Results of laboratory measurements of the physical property changes of exposed elastomeric and polymeric materials, and hermetic compressor motor materials, are presented in this paper. In addition, potential system reliability implications of these results, based on a risk-based ranking approach, are reported.
Julie A Majurin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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material compatibility of hvac r system materials with low global warming potential Refrigerants
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, Elyse Sorenson, William GillesAbstract:This article summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (known as hydrofluoroolefin) Refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefin Refrigerants blended with R-32, that were performed to characterize equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next-generation low global warming potential fluorinated Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted with R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and a three-Refrigerant composite blend of R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and R-32, with nine different elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten motor materials. Exposures were carried out in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that materials may encounter in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester and a polyvinyl ether, were evaluated in this study, resulting in a total of 12 different exposure conditions for each of the 27 materials. A summ...
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Material compatibility of HVAC&R system materials with low global warming potential Refrigerants
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, Elyse Sorenson, William GillesAbstract:This article summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (known as hydrofluoroolefin) Refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefin Refrigerants blended with R-32, that were performed to characterize equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next-generation low global warming potential fluorinated Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted with R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and a three-Refrigerant composite blend of R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and R-32, with nine different elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten motor materials. Exposures were carried out in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that materials may encounter in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester and a polyvinyl ether, were evaluated in this study, resulting in a total of 12 different exposure conditions for each of the 27 materials. A summ...
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Material compatibility of HVAC&R system materials with low GWP Refrigerants.
2014Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, William GillesAbstract:When assessing the suitability of next generation Refrigerants for use with current HVAC&R system materials, two areas of concern need to be thoroughly investigated and understood: 1) compatibility of the system materials when in contact with the fluids, and 2) chemical stability of the fluids when exposed to system materials. This paper summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (HFO) Refrigerants, and HFO Refrigerants blended with R32, that were conducted to better understand equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next generation low global warming potential (GWP) Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted in Parr pressure vessels with R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and a threeRefrigerant composite blend of R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and R32 (33% by weight of each), with nine types of elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten different motor materials. Exposures were conducted in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that may be present in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester (POE) and a polyvinyl ether (PVE), were evaluated in the study. In total, each of the materials was exposed to twelve different conditions. Results of laboratory measurements of the physical property changes of exposed elastomeric and polymeric materials, and hermetic compressor motor materials, are presented in this paper. In addition, potential system reliability implications of these results, based on a risk-based ranking approach, are reported.
Steven J Staats - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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material compatibility of hvac r system materials with low global warming potential Refrigerants
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, Elyse Sorenson, William GillesAbstract:This article summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (known as hydrofluoroolefin) Refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefin Refrigerants blended with R-32, that were performed to characterize equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next-generation low global warming potential fluorinated Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted with R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and a three-Refrigerant composite blend of R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and R-32, with nine different elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten motor materials. Exposures were carried out in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that materials may encounter in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester and a polyvinyl ether, were evaluated in this study, resulting in a total of 12 different exposure conditions for each of the 27 materials. A summ...
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Material compatibility of HVAC&R system materials with low global warming potential Refrigerants
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, Elyse Sorenson, William GillesAbstract:This article summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (known as hydrofluoroolefin) Refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefin Refrigerants blended with R-32, that were performed to characterize equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next-generation low global warming potential fluorinated Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted with R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and a three-Refrigerant composite blend of R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and R-32, with nine different elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten motor materials. Exposures were carried out in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that materials may encounter in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester and a polyvinyl ether, were evaluated in this study, resulting in a total of 12 different exposure conditions for each of the 27 materials. A summ...
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Material compatibility of HVAC&R system materials with low GWP Refrigerants.
2014Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, William GillesAbstract:When assessing the suitability of next generation Refrigerants for use with current HVAC&R system materials, two areas of concern need to be thoroughly investigated and understood: 1) compatibility of the system materials when in contact with the fluids, and 2) chemical stability of the fluids when exposed to system materials. This paper summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (HFO) Refrigerants, and HFO Refrigerants blended with R32, that were conducted to better understand equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next generation low global warming potential (GWP) Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted in Parr pressure vessels with R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and a threeRefrigerant composite blend of R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and R32 (33% by weight of each), with nine types of elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten different motor materials. Exposures were conducted in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that may be present in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester (POE) and a polyvinyl ether (PVE), were evaluated in the study. In total, each of the materials was exposed to twelve different conditions. Results of laboratory measurements of the physical property changes of exposed elastomeric and polymeric materials, and hermetic compressor motor materials, are presented in this paper. In addition, potential system reliability implications of these results, based on a risk-based ranking approach, are reported.
Elyse Sorenson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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material compatibility of hvac r system materials with low global warming potential Refrigerants
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, Elyse Sorenson, William GillesAbstract:This article summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (known as hydrofluoroolefin) Refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefin Refrigerants blended with R-32, that were performed to characterize equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next-generation low global warming potential fluorinated Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted with R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and a three-Refrigerant composite blend of R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and R-32, with nine different elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten motor materials. Exposures were carried out in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that materials may encounter in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester and a polyvinyl ether, were evaluated in this study, resulting in a total of 12 different exposure conditions for each of the 27 materials. A summ...
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Material compatibility of HVAC&R system materials with low global warming potential Refrigerants
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Julie A Majurin, Steven J Staats, Elyse Sorenson, William GillesAbstract:This article summarizes material compatibility evaluations of unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon (known as hydrofluoroolefin) Refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefin Refrigerants blended with R-32, that were performed to characterize equipment reliability risks associated with the use of next-generation low global warming potential fluorinated Refrigerant candidates. Material compatibility exposures were conducted with R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and a three-Refrigerant composite blend of R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), and R-32, with nine different elastomers, three gaskets, five polymers, and ten motor materials. Exposures were carried out in 100% Refrigerant, 50% Refrigerant:50% lubricant, and 100% lubricant to encompass the range of Refrigerant and lubricant compositions that materials may encounter in different areas of operating systems. Two different lubricants, a polyol ester and a polyvinyl ether, were evaluated in this study, resulting in a total of 12 different exposure conditions for each of the 27 materials. A summ...
M. Mohanraj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environment friendly Refrigerant options for automobile air conditioners: a review
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2020Co-Authors: M. Mohanraj, J. D. Andrew Pon AbrahamAbstract:In this paper, the environment friendly Refrigerant options suitable for automobile air conditioners are reviewed. Initially, the thermophysical, thermodynamic and chemical characteristics of the environment friendly Refrigerant options are presented. Then, the reviews of research investigations reported on environment friendly Refrigerant options (such as hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, composite mixed Refrigerants and nanoRefrigerants) are presented. The limitations and further research needs with environment friendly Refrigerant options are identified and listed. The paper concludes that the hydrocarbon Refrigerants will dominate the automobile air conditioning sector due to their good thermodynamic, thermophysical and environmental properties. Secondary loop configurations are recommended for the use of hydrocarbon Refrigerants to reduce the flammable risk. The carbon dioxide is identified as a good option for electrical vehicles operating at low ambient conditions. The hydrofluoroolefins have short atmospheric life and get decomposed in the atmosphere and form tri-fluoro-acetic acid, which is harmful to the aquatic environment. Hence, hydro-fluoro-olefins are identified as an interim option. The outcome of this review is more helpful to the manufacturers and researchers working in the field of automobile air conditioners.
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a review on recent developments in new Refrigerant mixtures for vapour compression based refrigeration air conditioning and heat pump units
International Journal of Energy Research, 2011Co-Authors: M. Mohanraj, C Muraleedharan, S JayarajAbstract:In the present paper, an attempt has been made to review the performance of new Refrigerant mixtures employed in vapour compression-based refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump units. The studies reported with Refrigerant mixtures are categorized into six groups as follows: (i) hydrocarbon (HC), (ii) hydroflurocarbons (HFC), (iii) HFC/HC, (iv) hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFC), (v) carbon dioxide (R744) and (vi) ammonia (R717). This paper explores the studies reported with new Refrigerant mixtures in domestic refrigerators, commercial refrigeration systems, air conditioners, heat pumps, chillers and in automobile air conditioners. In addition, the technical difficulties faced with new Refrigerant mixtures, further research needs in this field and future Refrigerant options for new upcoming systems have been discussed in detail. This paper concludes that HC based Refrigerant mixtures are identified as a long-term alternative to phase out the existing halogenated Refrigerants in the vapour compression-based systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
