Regeneration

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Tao Huai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • real time particulate emissions rates from active and passive heavy duty diesel particulate filter Regeneration
    Science of The Total Environment, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jeremy D Smith, David Quiros, Mark Burnitzki, Wayne Sobieralski, Robert Ianni, Don Chernich, Chris Ruehl, Shaohua Hu, John Collins, Tao Huai
    Abstract:

    Periodic Regeneration is required to clean the diesel particulate filter (DPF) of heavy-duty diesel vehicle. In this study we analyze real-time particulate matter (PM) mass, particle number, and black carbon emissions during steady state driving active and passive diesel particulate filter (DPF) Regenerations on a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer. Regeneration PM emissions were dominated by particles with count median diameter<100nm, with the majority <50nm. Results indicate that vehicle activity during DPF loading significantly affects Regeneration particulate emissions. Average PM emission rates (gPM/h) from the 2010 MY vehicle were higher than the 2007 MY vehicle during all Regeneration conditions in this study. Sequential forced-active Regenerations resulted in reduced particulate mass emissions, but not in reduced particle number emissions, suggesting incomplete stored PM removal or effects of after-treatment fuel injection. Black carbon emission factors (EFBC) were 3.4 and 21 times larger during driving-active Regeneration than during a 50 mph steady state cruise with a recently regenerated DPF for the 2007 and 2010 MY vehicle, respectively. Real-time PM emissions rates were lower during passive Regeneration of the 2010 MY DPF, suggesting more modern passive Regeneration technologies reduce total on-road particulate and ultrafine particulate emissions.

  • Real-time particulate emissions rates from active and passive heavy-duty diesel particulate filter Regeneration
    Science of The Total Environment, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jeremy D Smith, David Quiros, Mark Burnitzki, Wayne Sobieralski, Robert Ianni, Don Chernich, Chris Ruehl, Shaohua Hu, John Collins, Tao Huai
    Abstract:

    Periodic Regeneration is required to clean the diesel particulate filter (DPF) of heavy-duty diesel vehicle. In this study we analyze real-time particulate matter (PM) mass, particle number, and black carbon emissions during steady state driving active and passive diesel particulate filter (DPF) Regenerations on a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer. Regeneration PM emissions were dominated by particles with count median diameter

Enhua Shao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Regeneration of the zebrafish retinal pigment epithelium after widespread genetic ablation
    PLOS Genetics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nicholas J Hanovice, Lyndsay L Leach, Kayleigh Slater, Ana E Gabriel, Dwight K Romanovicz, Enhua Shao, Ross F Collery, Edward A Burton, Kira L Lathrop
    Abstract:

    The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a specialized monolayer of pigmented cells within the eye that is critical for maintaining visual system function. Diseases affecting the RPE have dire consequences for vision, and the most prevalent of these is atrophic (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is thought to result from RPE dysfunction and degeneration. An intriguing possibility for treating RPE degenerative diseases like atrophic AMD is the stimulation of endogenous RPE Regeneration; however, very little is known about the mechanisms driving successful RPE Regeneration in vivo. Here, we developed a zebrafish transgenic model (rpe65a:nfsB-eGFP) that enabled ablation of large swathes of mature RPE. RPE ablation resulted in rapid RPE degeneration, as well as degeneration of Bruch’s membrane and underlying photoreceptors. Using this model, we demonstrate for the first time that zebrafish are capable of regenerating a functional RPE monolayer after RPE ablation. Regenerated RPE cells first appear at the periphery of the RPE, and Regeneration proceeds in a peripheral-to-central fashion. RPE ablation elicits a robust proliferative response in the remaining RPE. Subsequently, proliferative cells move into the injury site and differentiate into RPE. BrdU incorporation assays demonstrate that the regenerated RPE is likely derived from remaining peripheral RPE cells. Pharmacological disruption using IWR-1, a Wnt signaling antagonist, significantly reduces cell proliferation in the RPE and impairs overall RPE recovery. These data demonstrate that the zebrafish RPE possesses a robust capacity for Regeneration and highlight a potential mechanism through which endogenous RPE regenerate in vivo.

  • Regeneration of the zebrafish retinal pigment epithelium after widespread genetic ablation
    bioRxiv, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nicholas J Hanovice, Lyndsay L Leach, Kayleigh Slater, Ana E Gabriel, Dwight K Romanovicz, Enhua Shao, Ross F Collery, Edward A Burton
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a specialized monolayer of pigmented cells within the eye that is critical for maintaining visual system function. Diseases affecting the RPE have dire consequences for vision, and the most prevalent of these is atrophic (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is thought to result from RPE dysfunction and degeneration. An intriguing possibility for treating RPE degenerative diseases like atrophic AMD is the stimulation of endogenous RPE Regeneration; however, very little is known about the mechanisms driving successful RPE Regeneration in vivo. Here, we developed a zebrafish transgenic model (rpe65a:nfsB-GFP) that enabled ablation of large swathes of mature RPE. RPE ablation resulted in rapid RPE degeneration, as well as degeneration of Bruch’s membrane and underlying photoreceptors. Using this model, we demonstrate for the first time that larval and adult zebrafish are capable of regenerating a functional RPE monolayer after RPE ablation. Regenerated RPE cells first appear at the periphery of the RPE, and Regeneration proceeds in a peripheral-to-central fashion. RPE ablation elicits a robust proliferative response in the remaining RPE. Subsequently, proliferative cells move into the injury site and differentiate into RPE. BrdU pulse-chase analyses demonstrate that the regenerated RPE is likely derived from remaining peripheral RPE cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling significantly reduces cell proliferation in the RPE and delays overall RPE recovery. These data demonstrate that the zebrafish RPE possesses a robust capacity for Regeneration and highlight a potential mechanism through which endogenous RPE regenerate in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Diseases resulting in RPE degeneration are among the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and no therapy exists that can replace RPE or restore lost vision. One intriguing possibility is the development of therapies focused on stimulating endogenous RPE Regeneration. For this to be possible, we must first gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying RPE Regeneration. Here, we ablate mature RPE in zebrafish and demonstrate that zebrafish regenerate RPE after widespread injury. Injury-adjacent RPE proliferate and regenerate RPE, suggesting that they are the source of regenerated tissue. Finally, we demonstrate that Wnt signaling is required for RPE Regeneration. These findings establish an in vivo model through which the molecular and cellular underpinnings of RPE Regeneration can be further characterized.

Kira L Lathrop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Regeneration of the zebrafish retinal pigment epithelium after widespread genetic ablation
    PLOS Genetics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nicholas J Hanovice, Lyndsay L Leach, Kayleigh Slater, Ana E Gabriel, Dwight K Romanovicz, Enhua Shao, Ross F Collery, Edward A Burton, Kira L Lathrop
    Abstract:

    The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a specialized monolayer of pigmented cells within the eye that is critical for maintaining visual system function. Diseases affecting the RPE have dire consequences for vision, and the most prevalent of these is atrophic (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is thought to result from RPE dysfunction and degeneration. An intriguing possibility for treating RPE degenerative diseases like atrophic AMD is the stimulation of endogenous RPE Regeneration; however, very little is known about the mechanisms driving successful RPE Regeneration in vivo. Here, we developed a zebrafish transgenic model (rpe65a:nfsB-eGFP) that enabled ablation of large swathes of mature RPE. RPE ablation resulted in rapid RPE degeneration, as well as degeneration of Bruch’s membrane and underlying photoreceptors. Using this model, we demonstrate for the first time that zebrafish are capable of regenerating a functional RPE monolayer after RPE ablation. Regenerated RPE cells first appear at the periphery of the RPE, and Regeneration proceeds in a peripheral-to-central fashion. RPE ablation elicits a robust proliferative response in the remaining RPE. Subsequently, proliferative cells move into the injury site and differentiate into RPE. BrdU incorporation assays demonstrate that the regenerated RPE is likely derived from remaining peripheral RPE cells. Pharmacological disruption using IWR-1, a Wnt signaling antagonist, significantly reduces cell proliferation in the RPE and impairs overall RPE recovery. These data demonstrate that the zebrafish RPE possesses a robust capacity for Regeneration and highlight a potential mechanism through which endogenous RPE regenerate in vivo.

Nicholas J Hanovice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Regeneration of the zebrafish retinal pigment epithelium after widespread genetic ablation
    PLOS Genetics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nicholas J Hanovice, Lyndsay L Leach, Kayleigh Slater, Ana E Gabriel, Dwight K Romanovicz, Enhua Shao, Ross F Collery, Edward A Burton, Kira L Lathrop
    Abstract:

    The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a specialized monolayer of pigmented cells within the eye that is critical for maintaining visual system function. Diseases affecting the RPE have dire consequences for vision, and the most prevalent of these is atrophic (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is thought to result from RPE dysfunction and degeneration. An intriguing possibility for treating RPE degenerative diseases like atrophic AMD is the stimulation of endogenous RPE Regeneration; however, very little is known about the mechanisms driving successful RPE Regeneration in vivo. Here, we developed a zebrafish transgenic model (rpe65a:nfsB-eGFP) that enabled ablation of large swathes of mature RPE. RPE ablation resulted in rapid RPE degeneration, as well as degeneration of Bruch’s membrane and underlying photoreceptors. Using this model, we demonstrate for the first time that zebrafish are capable of regenerating a functional RPE monolayer after RPE ablation. Regenerated RPE cells first appear at the periphery of the RPE, and Regeneration proceeds in a peripheral-to-central fashion. RPE ablation elicits a robust proliferative response in the remaining RPE. Subsequently, proliferative cells move into the injury site and differentiate into RPE. BrdU incorporation assays demonstrate that the regenerated RPE is likely derived from remaining peripheral RPE cells. Pharmacological disruption using IWR-1, a Wnt signaling antagonist, significantly reduces cell proliferation in the RPE and impairs overall RPE recovery. These data demonstrate that the zebrafish RPE possesses a robust capacity for Regeneration and highlight a potential mechanism through which endogenous RPE regenerate in vivo.

  • Regeneration of the zebrafish retinal pigment epithelium after widespread genetic ablation
    bioRxiv, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nicholas J Hanovice, Lyndsay L Leach, Kayleigh Slater, Ana E Gabriel, Dwight K Romanovicz, Enhua Shao, Ross F Collery, Edward A Burton
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a specialized monolayer of pigmented cells within the eye that is critical for maintaining visual system function. Diseases affecting the RPE have dire consequences for vision, and the most prevalent of these is atrophic (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is thought to result from RPE dysfunction and degeneration. An intriguing possibility for treating RPE degenerative diseases like atrophic AMD is the stimulation of endogenous RPE Regeneration; however, very little is known about the mechanisms driving successful RPE Regeneration in vivo. Here, we developed a zebrafish transgenic model (rpe65a:nfsB-GFP) that enabled ablation of large swathes of mature RPE. RPE ablation resulted in rapid RPE degeneration, as well as degeneration of Bruch’s membrane and underlying photoreceptors. Using this model, we demonstrate for the first time that larval and adult zebrafish are capable of regenerating a functional RPE monolayer after RPE ablation. Regenerated RPE cells first appear at the periphery of the RPE, and Regeneration proceeds in a peripheral-to-central fashion. RPE ablation elicits a robust proliferative response in the remaining RPE. Subsequently, proliferative cells move into the injury site and differentiate into RPE. BrdU pulse-chase analyses demonstrate that the regenerated RPE is likely derived from remaining peripheral RPE cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling significantly reduces cell proliferation in the RPE and delays overall RPE recovery. These data demonstrate that the zebrafish RPE possesses a robust capacity for Regeneration and highlight a potential mechanism through which endogenous RPE regenerate in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Diseases resulting in RPE degeneration are among the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and no therapy exists that can replace RPE or restore lost vision. One intriguing possibility is the development of therapies focused on stimulating endogenous RPE Regeneration. For this to be possible, we must first gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying RPE Regeneration. Here, we ablate mature RPE in zebrafish and demonstrate that zebrafish regenerate RPE after widespread injury. Injury-adjacent RPE proliferate and regenerate RPE, suggesting that they are the source of regenerated tissue. Finally, we demonstrate that Wnt signaling is required for RPE Regeneration. These findings establish an in vivo model through which the molecular and cellular underpinnings of RPE Regeneration can be further characterized.

Jeremy D Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • real time particulate emissions rates from active and passive heavy duty diesel particulate filter Regeneration
    Science of The Total Environment, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jeremy D Smith, David Quiros, Mark Burnitzki, Wayne Sobieralski, Robert Ianni, Don Chernich, Chris Ruehl, Shaohua Hu, John Collins, Tao Huai
    Abstract:

    Periodic Regeneration is required to clean the diesel particulate filter (DPF) of heavy-duty diesel vehicle. In this study we analyze real-time particulate matter (PM) mass, particle number, and black carbon emissions during steady state driving active and passive diesel particulate filter (DPF) Regenerations on a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer. Regeneration PM emissions were dominated by particles with count median diameter<100nm, with the majority <50nm. Results indicate that vehicle activity during DPF loading significantly affects Regeneration particulate emissions. Average PM emission rates (gPM/h) from the 2010 MY vehicle were higher than the 2007 MY vehicle during all Regeneration conditions in this study. Sequential forced-active Regenerations resulted in reduced particulate mass emissions, but not in reduced particle number emissions, suggesting incomplete stored PM removal or effects of after-treatment fuel injection. Black carbon emission factors (EFBC) were 3.4 and 21 times larger during driving-active Regeneration than during a 50 mph steady state cruise with a recently regenerated DPF for the 2007 and 2010 MY vehicle, respectively. Real-time PM emissions rates were lower during passive Regeneration of the 2010 MY DPF, suggesting more modern passive Regeneration technologies reduce total on-road particulate and ultrafine particulate emissions.

  • Real-time particulate emissions rates from active and passive heavy-duty diesel particulate filter Regeneration
    Science of The Total Environment, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jeremy D Smith, David Quiros, Mark Burnitzki, Wayne Sobieralski, Robert Ianni, Don Chernich, Chris Ruehl, Shaohua Hu, John Collins, Tao Huai
    Abstract:

    Periodic Regeneration is required to clean the diesel particulate filter (DPF) of heavy-duty diesel vehicle. In this study we analyze real-time particulate matter (PM) mass, particle number, and black carbon emissions during steady state driving active and passive diesel particulate filter (DPF) Regenerations on a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer. Regeneration PM emissions were dominated by particles with count median diameter