The Experts below are selected from a list of 104721 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Hiscock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolution of Silcrete Heat Treatment in Australia—a Regional Pattern on the South-East Coast and Its Evolution over the Last 25 ka
Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology, 2019Co-Authors: Patrick Schmidt, Peter HiscockAbstract:We document long-term evolution in the rate of heat treatment in Eastern Australia and explore them as a technological response to dynamic industrial and social contexts that developed in the last 25 millennia. We employed methods previously used in Africa but novel in Australia to infer long-term directional changes in the relative frequency of silcrete artefacts that were heat-treated. Our methods involved independent and cross-verifying tests of the presence or absence of heat treatment, employing visual classifications and surface roughness measures. These methods revealed a coherent series of increases over time in the landscapes around Sydney, so that Late Holocene assemblages displayed higher rates of heat treatment than terminal Pleistocene or Early Holocene ones. We hypothesise that the directional trend towards greater frequencies of heat-treated artefacts on Australia’s eastern seaboard is explicable in terms of the context of technological shifts towards microlith production superimposed onto an even longer term process of lithic resource depletion, perhaps compounded with the development of political barriers to the redistribution of knappable stone.
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evolution of silcrete heat treatment in australia a Regional Pattern on the south east coast and its evolution over the last 25 ka
Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology, 2019Co-Authors: Patrick Schmidt, Peter HiscockAbstract:We document long-term evolution in the rate of heat treatment in Eastern Australia and explore them as a technological response to dynamic industrial and social contexts that developed in the last 25 millennia. We employed methods previously used in Africa but novel in Australia to infer long-term directional changes in the relative frequency of silcrete artefacts that were heat-treated. Our methods involved independent and cross-verifying tests of the presence or absence of heat treatment, employing visual classifications and surface roughness measures. These methods revealed a coherent series of increases over time in the landscapes around Sydney, so that Late Holocene assemblages displayed higher rates of heat treatment than terminal Pleistocene or Early Holocene ones. We hypothesise that the directional trend towards greater frequencies of heat-treated artefacts on Australia’s eastern seaboard is explicable in terms of the context of technological shifts towards microlith production superimposed onto an even longer term process of lithic resource depletion, perhaps compounded with the development of political barriers to the redistribution of knappable stone.
J Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of telecommunications technology including telework and telecommuting on travel demand and travel demand management in the next decade
Transportation research circular, 1994Co-Authors: E M Risse, L T Risse, J WilliamsAbstract:This paper addresses the impact of telecommunications technology on travel demand and travel demand management (TDM) in the next decade. Two primary, interrelated issues are considered: Indirect Impact - Telecommunications technology has a fundamental impact on Regional Pattern and density of land-use, and, thus, trip origins and destinations; and Direct Impact - Telecommunications technology may be applied to replace the commute to work (and other travel needs), and thus overcome transportation system deficiencies or locational disadvantages. The discussion is presented in the following sections: Introduction; Survey of Current and Future Telecommunications Technologies; Technology Advances: Terminal Hardware and Software; Technology Advances: Network Hardware and Software; Factors Influencing Implementation of Telecommunications Technologies; Telecommunications Impact on Travel; Conclusion; and Discussion of Three Publications on Transportation Impacts of Telecommuting.
E M Risse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of telecommunications technology including telework and telecommuting on travel demand and travel demand management in the next decade
Transportation research circular, 1994Co-Authors: E M Risse, L T Risse, J WilliamsAbstract:This paper addresses the impact of telecommunications technology on travel demand and travel demand management (TDM) in the next decade. Two primary, interrelated issues are considered: Indirect Impact - Telecommunications technology has a fundamental impact on Regional Pattern and density of land-use, and, thus, trip origins and destinations; and Direct Impact - Telecommunications technology may be applied to replace the commute to work (and other travel needs), and thus overcome transportation system deficiencies or locational disadvantages. The discussion is presented in the following sections: Introduction; Survey of Current and Future Telecommunications Technologies; Technology Advances: Terminal Hardware and Software; Technology Advances: Network Hardware and Software; Factors Influencing Implementation of Telecommunications Technologies; Telecommunications Impact on Travel; Conclusion; and Discussion of Three Publications on Transportation Impacts of Telecommuting.
Irene Tobler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regional Pattern of metabolic activation is reflected in the sleep eeg after sleep deprivation combined with unilateral whisker stimulation in mice
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2004Co-Authors: Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy, Egbert Welker, Jeanmarc Fritschy, Irene ToblerAbstract:: Regional differences in EEG slow wave activity (SWA) during sleep after sleep deprivation (SD) may be a consequence of differential metabolic activation of cortical areas. We investigated the relationship between the Regional EEG dynamics and 2-deoxyglucose (DG) uptake after SD in mice. Six hours' SD were combined with natural unilateral whisker stimulation in an enriched environment to selectively activate the barrel cortex and motor areas. As expected, an interhemispheric asymmetry of 2-DG uptake was found in the barrel cortex immediately after SD. To test whether sleep contributes to recovery of the asymmetry, the stimulation was followed by either undisturbed sleep or by an additional SD. The asymmetry vanished after recovery sleep but also after the additional period of wakefulness without stimulation. In addition, relative 2-DG uptake in the primary motor cortex and retrosplenial area was significantly higher immediately after the SD than after the additional sleep or wakefulness, whereas no other region differed between the groups. Whisker stimulation elicited a greater increase in EEG SWA during non rapid eye movement sleep in the stimulated hemisphere than in the control hemisphere; this increase lasted for 10 h. Within a hemisphere, the initial increase in SWA was higher in the frontal than in the parietal derivation. We conclude that the Regional SWA differences during sleep are use-dependent and may be related to the Regional Pattern of metabolism during the previous waking episode. However, the Regional metabolic recovery is not dependent on sleep, and is not directly reflected in changes in SWA during sleep.
Matthew R. Mclennan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chimpanzee insectivory in the northern half of Uganda’s Rift Valley: do Bulindi chimpanzees conform to a Regional Pattern?
Primates, 2014Co-Authors: Matthew R. MclennanAbstract:Insects are a nutritious food source for many primates. In chimpanzees, insectivory is most prevalent among communities that manufacture tools to harvest social insects, particularly ants and termites. In contrast to other long-term study sites, chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) in Budongo Forest and Kibale National Park, Uganda, rarely eat insects and have small foraging tool kits, supporting speculation that infrequent insectivory—technically aided or otherwise—characterises chimpanzees in this part of Uganda’s Rift Valley. To expand the dataset for this region, insect foraging was investigated at Bulindi (25 km from Budongo) over 19 months during two studies in 2007–2008 and 2012–2013. Systematic faecal analysis demonstrated that insectivory is a habitual foraging activity at this site. Overall levels of insect consumption varied considerably across months but were not predicted by monthly changes in rainfall or fruit intake. Unlike their Budongo and Kibale counterparts, Bulindi chimpanzees often consume ants (principally weaver ants, Oecophylla longinoda ) and use sticks to dig out stingless bee (Meliponini) ground nests. In other respects, however, insectivory at Bulindi conforms to the Pattern observed elsewhere in this region: they do not manufacture ‘fishing’ or ‘dipping’ tools to harvest termites and aggressive or hard-to-access ants (e.g., army ants, Dorylus spp.), despite availability of suitable prey. The Bulindi data lend support to the supposition that chimpanzees in this part of the Rift Valley rarely exploit termites and Dorylus ants, apparently lacking the ‘cultural knowledge’ that would enable them to do so most efficiently (i.e., tool use). The study’s findings contribute to current debates about the relative influence of genetics, environment and culture in shaping Regional and local variability in Pan foraging ecology.
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chimpanzee insectivory in the northern half of uganda s rift valley do bulindi chimpanzees conform to a Regional Pattern
Primates, 2014Co-Authors: Matthew R. MclennanAbstract:Insects are a nutritious food source for many primates. In chimpanzees, insectivory is most prevalent among communities that manufacture tools to harvest social insects, particularly ants and termites. In contrast to other long-term study sites, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Budongo Forest and Kibale National Park, Uganda, rarely eat insects and have small foraging tool kits, supporting speculation that infrequent insectivory—technically aided or otherwise—characterises chimpanzees in this part of Uganda’s Rift Valley. To expand the dataset for this region, insect foraging was investigated at Bulindi (25 km from Budongo) over 19 months during two studies in 2007–2008 and 2012–2013. Systematic faecal analysis demonstrated that insectivory is a habitual foraging activity at this site. Overall levels of insect consumption varied considerably across months but were not predicted by monthly changes in rainfall or fruit intake. Unlike their Budongo and Kibale counterparts, Bulindi chimpanzees often consume ants (principally weaver ants, Oecophylla longinoda) and use sticks to dig out stingless bee (Meliponini) ground nests. In other respects, however, insectivory at Bulindi conforms to the Pattern observed elsewhere in this region: they do not manufacture ‘fishing’ or ‘dipping’ tools to harvest termites and aggressive or hard-to-access ants (e.g., army ants, Dorylus spp.), despite availability of suitable prey. The Bulindi data lend support to the supposition that chimpanzees in this part of the Rift Valley rarely exploit termites and Dorylus ants, apparently lacking the ‘cultural knowledge’ that would enable them to do so most efficiently (i.e., tool use). The study’s findings contribute to current debates about the relative influence of genetics, environment and culture in shaping Regional and local variability in Pan foraging ecology.