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Douglas Mearns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of 200 ppm hitec Registered Trademark 4898c lubricity improver additive lia on f 76 fuel coalescence
2013Co-Authors: Terrence Dickerson, Jack Buffin, Richard Kamin, Douglas MearnsAbstract:Abstract : As the Navy transitions to the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels, the inherent lubricity of F-76 will decrease due to the removal of sulfur containing compounds known to have good natural lubricity. As specified in MIL-DTL-16884N, F-76 must produce a wear scar diameter less than 460 micrometer when tested in accordance with (IAW) ASTM D6079 or ASTM D7688. In order to meet this requirement the addition of lubricity improver additives (LIA) may be necessary. Prior to approving a LIA for use in F-76, the LIA must show no detrimental effects on fuel properties. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C is a synthetic neutral LIA produced by Afton Chemical Corporation. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C was designed for use in low sulfur diesel fuels and as such considered a viable F-76 LIA option. However, F-76 containing 200 parts per million by volume (ppm) HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C displayed a poor ability to separate from water when tested IAW ASTM D1401 and ASTM D7261. To further examine the effects of 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C on water separability, a Navy Coalescence Test (NCT) was completed. After 80 hours of testing it was concluded that F-76 containing 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C meets the acceptable performance criteria. However, due to the fuel's poor demulsification results a risk assessment is needed prior to approving the use of HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C at a concentration of 200 ppm.
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impact of 200 ppm hitec Registered Trademark 4898c lubricity improver additive lia on f 76 fuel coalescence
2013Co-Authors: Terrence Dickerson, Jack Buffin, Richard Kamin, Douglas MearnsAbstract:Abstract : As the Navy transitions to the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels, the inherent lubricity of F-76 will decrease due to the removal of sulfur containing compounds known to have good natural lubricity. As specified in MIL-DTL-16884N, F-76 must produce a wear scar diameter less than 460 micrometer when tested in accordance with (IAW) ASTM D6079 or ASTM D7688. In order to meet this requirement the addition of lubricity improver additives (LIA) may be necessary. Prior to approving a LIA for use in F-76, the LIA must show no detrimental effects on fuel properties. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C is a synthetic neutral LIA produced by Afton Chemical Corporation. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C was designed for use in low sulfur diesel fuels and as such considered a viable F-76 LIA option. However, F-76 containing 200 parts per million by volume (ppm) HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C displayed a poor ability to separate from water when tested IAW ASTM D1401 and ASTM D7261. To further examine the effects of 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C on water separability, a Navy Coalescence Test (NCT) was completed. After 80 hours of testing it was concluded that F-76 containing 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C meets the acceptable performance criteria. However, due to the fuel's poor demulsification results a risk assessment is needed prior to approving the use of HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C at a concentration of 200 ppm.
Terrence Dickerson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of 200 ppm hitec Registered Trademark 4898c lubricity improver additive lia on f 76 fuel coalescence
2013Co-Authors: Terrence Dickerson, Jack Buffin, Richard Kamin, Douglas MearnsAbstract:Abstract : As the Navy transitions to the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels, the inherent lubricity of F-76 will decrease due to the removal of sulfur containing compounds known to have good natural lubricity. As specified in MIL-DTL-16884N, F-76 must produce a wear scar diameter less than 460 micrometer when tested in accordance with (IAW) ASTM D6079 or ASTM D7688. In order to meet this requirement the addition of lubricity improver additives (LIA) may be necessary. Prior to approving a LIA for use in F-76, the LIA must show no detrimental effects on fuel properties. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C is a synthetic neutral LIA produced by Afton Chemical Corporation. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C was designed for use in low sulfur diesel fuels and as such considered a viable F-76 LIA option. However, F-76 containing 200 parts per million by volume (ppm) HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C displayed a poor ability to separate from water when tested IAW ASTM D1401 and ASTM D7261. To further examine the effects of 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C on water separability, a Navy Coalescence Test (NCT) was completed. After 80 hours of testing it was concluded that F-76 containing 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C meets the acceptable performance criteria. However, due to the fuel's poor demulsification results a risk assessment is needed prior to approving the use of HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C at a concentration of 200 ppm.
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impact of 200 ppm hitec Registered Trademark 4898c lubricity improver additive lia on f 76 fuel coalescence
2013Co-Authors: Terrence Dickerson, Jack Buffin, Richard Kamin, Douglas MearnsAbstract:Abstract : As the Navy transitions to the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels, the inherent lubricity of F-76 will decrease due to the removal of sulfur containing compounds known to have good natural lubricity. As specified in MIL-DTL-16884N, F-76 must produce a wear scar diameter less than 460 micrometer when tested in accordance with (IAW) ASTM D6079 or ASTM D7688. In order to meet this requirement the addition of lubricity improver additives (LIA) may be necessary. Prior to approving a LIA for use in F-76, the LIA must show no detrimental effects on fuel properties. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C is a synthetic neutral LIA produced by Afton Chemical Corporation. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C was designed for use in low sulfur diesel fuels and as such considered a viable F-76 LIA option. However, F-76 containing 200 parts per million by volume (ppm) HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C displayed a poor ability to separate from water when tested IAW ASTM D1401 and ASTM D7261. To further examine the effects of 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C on water separability, a Navy Coalescence Test (NCT) was completed. After 80 hours of testing it was concluded that F-76 containing 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C meets the acceptable performance criteria. However, due to the fuel's poor demulsification results a risk assessment is needed prior to approving the use of HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C at a concentration of 200 ppm.
Zexu Fang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carbon monoxide production from degradation of desflurane enflurane isoflurane halothane and sevoflurane by soda lime and baralyme
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 1995Co-Authors: Zexu Fang, M J Laster, Ben S Chortkoff, L Kandel, Pompiliu IonescuAbstract:Anecdotal reports suggest that soda lime and Baralyme Registered Trademark brand absorbent can degrade inhaled anesthetics to carbon monoxide (CO).We examined the factors that govern CO production and found that these include: 1) The anesthetic used: for a given minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)-multiple, the magnitude of CO production (greatest to least) is desflurane >or=to enflurane > isoflurane much greater than halothane = sevoflurane. 2) The absorbent dryness: completely dry soda lime produces much more CO than absorbent with just 1.4% water content, and soda lime containing 4.8% or more water (standard soda lime contains 15% water) generates no CO. In contrast, both completely dry Baralyme Registered Trademark and Baralyme Registered Trademark with 1.6% water produce high concentrations of CO, and Baralyme Registered Trademark containing 4.7% water produces concentrations equaling those produced by soda lime containing 1.4% water. Baralyme Registered Trademark containing 9.7% or more water and standard Baralyme Registered Trademark (13% water) do not generate CO. 3) The type of absorbent: at a given water content, Baralyme Registered Trademark produces more CO than does soda lime. 4) The temperature: an increased temperature increases CO production. 5) The anesthetic concentration: more CO is produced from higher anesthetic concentrations. These results suggest that CO generation can be avoided for all anesthetics by using soda lime with 4.8% (or more) water or Baralyme Registered Trademark with 9.7% (or more) water, and by using inflow rates of less than 2-3 L/min. Such inflow rates are low enough to ensure that the absorbent does not dry out. (Anesth Analg 1995;80:1187-93)
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Factors affecting the concentration of compound A resulting from the degradation of sevoflurane by soda lime and Baralyme in a standard anesthetic circuit.
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 1995Co-Authors: Zexu FangAbstract:Carbon dioxide absorbents, such as soda lime and Baralyme Registered Trademark brand absorbent, convert sevoflurane to CF2 = C(CF3)OCH2 F, a vinyl ether called "Compound A," whose toxicity raises concerns regarding the safety of sevoflurane in rebreathing circuits.Because an increased inflow rate to an anesthetic circuit decreases rebreathing, we assumed that an increased rate would proportionately decrease the concentration of Compound A. In the present report, we measured the Compound A concentration resulting from the action of wet (standard) soda lime and wet (standard) Baralyme Registered Trademark on 2% sevoflurane in a model anesthetic circuit, using inflow rates (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 L/min), ventilations (5 and 10 L/min), and carbon dioxide production/removal (200 and 400 mL/min) found in clinical practice. An increase in inflow rate decreased Compound A concentration to lower levels as inflow rate approached minute ventilation. At lower inflow rates, increasing duration of sevoflurane inflow increased the concentration of Compound A, a finding consistent with a progressive increase in absorbent temperature from absorption of carbon dioxide and consequently greater sevoflurane degradation. There was no material difference between Baralyme Registered Trademark and soda lime in the concentrations of Compound A produced at a particular inflow rate. An increase in ventilation increased the concentration of Compound A, having a much greater effect at high rather than low inflow rates. An increase in amount of carbon dioxide absorbed also increased the concentration of Compound A. We conclude that inflow rate, ventilation, and carbon dioxide production are major determinants of the concentration of Compound A. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:564-8)
Jack Buffin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of 200 ppm hitec Registered Trademark 4898c lubricity improver additive lia on f 76 fuel coalescence
2013Co-Authors: Terrence Dickerson, Jack Buffin, Richard Kamin, Douglas MearnsAbstract:Abstract : As the Navy transitions to the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels, the inherent lubricity of F-76 will decrease due to the removal of sulfur containing compounds known to have good natural lubricity. As specified in MIL-DTL-16884N, F-76 must produce a wear scar diameter less than 460 micrometer when tested in accordance with (IAW) ASTM D6079 or ASTM D7688. In order to meet this requirement the addition of lubricity improver additives (LIA) may be necessary. Prior to approving a LIA for use in F-76, the LIA must show no detrimental effects on fuel properties. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C is a synthetic neutral LIA produced by Afton Chemical Corporation. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C was designed for use in low sulfur diesel fuels and as such considered a viable F-76 LIA option. However, F-76 containing 200 parts per million by volume (ppm) HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C displayed a poor ability to separate from water when tested IAW ASTM D1401 and ASTM D7261. To further examine the effects of 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C on water separability, a Navy Coalescence Test (NCT) was completed. After 80 hours of testing it was concluded that F-76 containing 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C meets the acceptable performance criteria. However, due to the fuel's poor demulsification results a risk assessment is needed prior to approving the use of HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C at a concentration of 200 ppm.
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impact of 200 ppm hitec Registered Trademark 4898c lubricity improver additive lia on f 76 fuel coalescence
2013Co-Authors: Terrence Dickerson, Jack Buffin, Richard Kamin, Douglas MearnsAbstract:Abstract : As the Navy transitions to the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels, the inherent lubricity of F-76 will decrease due to the removal of sulfur containing compounds known to have good natural lubricity. As specified in MIL-DTL-16884N, F-76 must produce a wear scar diameter less than 460 micrometer when tested in accordance with (IAW) ASTM D6079 or ASTM D7688. In order to meet this requirement the addition of lubricity improver additives (LIA) may be necessary. Prior to approving a LIA for use in F-76, the LIA must show no detrimental effects on fuel properties. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C is a synthetic neutral LIA produced by Afton Chemical Corporation. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C was designed for use in low sulfur diesel fuels and as such considered a viable F-76 LIA option. However, F-76 containing 200 parts per million by volume (ppm) HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C displayed a poor ability to separate from water when tested IAW ASTM D1401 and ASTM D7261. To further examine the effects of 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C on water separability, a Navy Coalescence Test (NCT) was completed. After 80 hours of testing it was concluded that F-76 containing 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C meets the acceptable performance criteria. However, due to the fuel's poor demulsification results a risk assessment is needed prior to approving the use of HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C at a concentration of 200 ppm.
Richard Kamin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of 200 ppm hitec Registered Trademark 4898c lubricity improver additive lia on f 76 fuel coalescence
2013Co-Authors: Terrence Dickerson, Jack Buffin, Richard Kamin, Douglas MearnsAbstract:Abstract : As the Navy transitions to the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels, the inherent lubricity of F-76 will decrease due to the removal of sulfur containing compounds known to have good natural lubricity. As specified in MIL-DTL-16884N, F-76 must produce a wear scar diameter less than 460 micrometer when tested in accordance with (IAW) ASTM D6079 or ASTM D7688. In order to meet this requirement the addition of lubricity improver additives (LIA) may be necessary. Prior to approving a LIA for use in F-76, the LIA must show no detrimental effects on fuel properties. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C is a synthetic neutral LIA produced by Afton Chemical Corporation. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C was designed for use in low sulfur diesel fuels and as such considered a viable F-76 LIA option. However, F-76 containing 200 parts per million by volume (ppm) HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C displayed a poor ability to separate from water when tested IAW ASTM D1401 and ASTM D7261. To further examine the effects of 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C on water separability, a Navy Coalescence Test (NCT) was completed. After 80 hours of testing it was concluded that F-76 containing 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C meets the acceptable performance criteria. However, due to the fuel's poor demulsification results a risk assessment is needed prior to approving the use of HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C at a concentration of 200 ppm.
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impact of 200 ppm hitec Registered Trademark 4898c lubricity improver additive lia on f 76 fuel coalescence
2013Co-Authors: Terrence Dickerson, Jack Buffin, Richard Kamin, Douglas MearnsAbstract:Abstract : As the Navy transitions to the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels, the inherent lubricity of F-76 will decrease due to the removal of sulfur containing compounds known to have good natural lubricity. As specified in MIL-DTL-16884N, F-76 must produce a wear scar diameter less than 460 micrometer when tested in accordance with (IAW) ASTM D6079 or ASTM D7688. In order to meet this requirement the addition of lubricity improver additives (LIA) may be necessary. Prior to approving a LIA for use in F-76, the LIA must show no detrimental effects on fuel properties. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C is a synthetic neutral LIA produced by Afton Chemical Corporation. HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C was designed for use in low sulfur diesel fuels and as such considered a viable F-76 LIA option. However, F-76 containing 200 parts per million by volume (ppm) HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C displayed a poor ability to separate from water when tested IAW ASTM D1401 and ASTM D7261. To further examine the effects of 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C on water separability, a Navy Coalescence Test (NCT) was completed. After 80 hours of testing it was concluded that F-76 containing 200 ppm HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C meets the acceptable performance criteria. However, due to the fuel's poor demulsification results a risk assessment is needed prior to approving the use of HiTEC(Registered Trademark) 4898C at a concentration of 200 ppm.
