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Robert J. Litschert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Organizational performance in a Regulated Environment: The role of strategic orientation
    Strategic Management Journal, 1994
    Co-Authors: Kannan Ramaswamy, Anisya S. Thomas, Robert J. Litschert
    Abstract:

    This study explores the influence of governmental regulation on organizational strategies and performance outcomes. Drawing on literature in strategic management, we provide a longitudinal empirical analysis of viable strategies in the U.S. domestic airline industry during a 6‐year period (1965‐70) when it was Regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board. Results indicate that air carriers were indeed able to articulate coherent strategic postures despite regulatory constraints, and were thus able to influence profitability.

D Gregory - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • An analysis of safety culture attitudes in a highly Regulated Environment
    Work & Stress, 2002
    Co-Authors: Joan Harvey, George Erdos, Helen Bolam, Michael A. A. Cox, John N. P. Kennedy, D Gregory
    Abstract:

    Culture is a complex construct in organizations, consisting of attitudes, perceptions, values and beliefs, which must necessarily be set in context. Many authors imply that culture is organization-wide and common to all employees. In terms of safety culture, the organizational context may determine its salience and likelihood of affecting behaviour, especially in a highly Regulated Environment such as the nuclear industry. This study investigates the components of safety culture and how it varies in a highly-Regulated nuclear power plant. A 60-item questionnaire measuring safety attitudes and values was administered anonymously to 1550 employees at two plants in the UK nuclear industry, with a 64.7% mean response rate. Principal components analyses revealed six factors conceptually common to shop floor and management (supervisor/manager/professional) groups for both plants, relating to: management style and communication; responsibility and commitment; risk-taking; job satisfaction; complacency; and risk ...

  • The effectiveness of training to change safety culture and attitudes within a highly Regulated Environment
    Personnel Review, 2001
    Co-Authors: Joan Harvey, Helen Bolam, D Gregory, George Erdos
    Abstract:

    An attitude survey developed by Harvey et al. was used to measure responses from employees in the nuclear industry before and after a safety training intervention which all employees attended in their work teams. The first administration of the survey yielded 417responses, and the second, administered 16 months later following the training intervention, yielded 460 responses, representing response rates of over 69 per cent in both cases. Using six factors derived earlier from the survey, significant improvements in attitudes and beliefs were found for two of the factors (and a further three factors showed rises in the same direction) for management/professional employees. For shop floor employees, only one factor showed a significant change, which was a reduction in job satisfaction over the same time period. It was concluded that the hypotheses that management would respond to the safety initiative but that shop floor would not were supported. A further hypothesis concerning grade differences in culture and attitudes was also supported. These findings are discussed in terms of culture and risk, risk taking and training, where the implications for safety training are crucial.

Kannan Ramaswamy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Organizational performance in a Regulated Environment: The role of strategic orientation
    Strategic Management Journal, 1994
    Co-Authors: Kannan Ramaswamy, Anisya S. Thomas, Robert J. Litschert
    Abstract:

    This study explores the influence of governmental regulation on organizational strategies and performance outcomes. Drawing on literature in strategic management, we provide a longitudinal empirical analysis of viable strategies in the U.S. domestic airline industry during a 6‐year period (1965‐70) when it was Regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board. Results indicate that air carriers were indeed able to articulate coherent strategic postures despite regulatory constraints, and were thus able to influence profitability.

Eva Wallerstedt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Organizational foundations and closures in a Regulated Environment: Swedish commercial banks 1831-1990
    Scandinavian Journal of Management, 1994
    Co-Authors: Reinhold Bergström, Lars Engwall, Eva Wallerstedt
    Abstract:

    This study analyzes the foundations and closures of the total population of Swedish commercial banks in 1831-1990 using both semi-parametric and parametric event-history methods. With reference to the comparatively rigid control of entries and exits in banking, five hypotheses are formulated: (1) acquisitions constitute the principal reason for closure in banking; (2) the early years are less hazardous for banks than for members of other industries; (3) the survival patterns of banks are related to the freedom of banking operations; (4) the survival rates of banks are positively related to the general economic activity at the time of foundation; and (5) the survival rates of banks are negatively related to the degree to which customer relationships already exist. The findings support the first, second, third and fifth hypotheses; some evidence also favours the fourth hypothesis

Gilles Berdeaux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Diagnosis Related Group Costs in a Regulated Environment
    PharmacoEconomics, 2000
    Co-Authors: Claude Pen, Gilles Berdeaux
    Abstract:

    The availability of the Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) system for determining hospital costs in some European countries has encouraged its use in pharmacoeconomic evaluations. The DRG system was developed in the US to provide data for prospective payments for hospitals. However, the financing of hospitals in some European countries is still based on the so-called ‘global budget’ approach. Therefore, results of pharmacoeconomic studies involving hospitals financed by the ‘global-budget’ approach in which DRG costs have been used require careful consideration. The main points to consider are: (i) that most of the cost components constituting the DRGs are in fact charges fixed by the government. This cost-charge ratio varies significantly across different DRGs, altering economic consequences when cost-shifting between DRGs; (ii) that there is rarely a perfect concordance between attributable cost (as proposed by the DRGs) and the definition of variable cost (as defined in economic evaluations); (iii) from the Sickness Fund’s point of view, the way DRGs could be interpreted is rather unclear: financing or bench-marking?; and (iv) the perspective of DRG cost is a mixed patient-hospital perspective which is neither the societal nor the health insurance perspective generally used in pharmacoeconomic evaluations. In conclusion, the use of DRG costs is a major improvement for pharmacoeconomic evaluation. However, many hypotheses still need to be made in these studies, depending on the economic perspective of the study. Therefore, the results of pharmacoeconomic studies should be considered and discussed in line with the national financing system of the hospitals involved.

  • Diagnosis related group costs in a Regulated Environment. A note about their economic interpretation.
    PharmacoEconomics, 2000
    Co-Authors: Claude Pen, Gilles Berdeaux
    Abstract:

    The availability of the Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) system for determining hospital costs in some European countries has encouraged its use in pharmacoeconomic evaluations. The DRG system was developed in the US to provide data for prospective payments for hospitals. However, the financing of hospitals in some European countries is still based on the so-called `global budget' approach. Therefore, results of pharmacoeconomic studies involving hospitals financed by the `global-budget' approach in which DRG costs have been used require careful consideration. The main points to consider are: 1. that most of the cost components constituting the DRGs are in fact charges fixed by the government. This cost-charge ratio varies significantly across different DRGs, altering economic consequences when cost-shifting between DRGs; 2. that there is rarely a perfect concordance between attributable cost (as proposed by the DRGs) and the definition of variable cost (as defined in economic evaluations); 3. from the Sickness Fund's point of view, the way DRGs could be interpreted is rather unclear: financing or bench-marking?; and 4. the perspective of DRG cost is a mixed patient-hospital perspective which is neither the societal nor the health insurance perspective generally used in pharmacoeconomic evaluations. In conclusion, the use of DRG costs is a major improvement for pharmacoeconomic evaluation. However, many hypotheses still need to be made in these studies, depending on the economic perspective of the study. Therefore, the results of pharmacoeconomic studies should be considered and discussed in line with the national financing system of the hospitals involved.