The Experts below are selected from a list of 2829 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael C. Caramanis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Provision of Regulation Service by Smart Buildings
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2016Co-Authors: Enes Bilgin, Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis, Michael C. Caramanis, Christos CassandrasAbstract:Regulation Service (RS) reserves, a critical type of bi-directional capacity reserves, are provided today by expensive and environmentally unfriendly centralized fossil fuel generators. This paper investigates provision of RS reserves by the demand side. We consider a smart building operator that is capable of modulating the aggregate consumption of the building loads via price signals in response to an unanticipated RS signal that an independent system operator broadcasts. We first model the RS signal and load behavior, and formulate the related stochastic dynamic programming (DP) problem. Then, in order to deal with the complexity of the DP problem resulting from the uncountably infinite allowable price set, we characterize certain key properties of the DP dynamics, solve the DP problem for a discretized price policy to observe the structure of the optimal policy and re-capture the continuous price policy in an analytic approximate policy iteration (API) algorithm using the above properties and structure. We finally provide numerical evidence that the novel API algorithm converges to a continuous dynamic price policy that outperforms optimal discretized price policies in both computational effort and average cost.
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Data center optimal Regulation Service reserve provision with explicit modeling of quality of Service dynamics
2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), 2015Co-Authors: Hao Chen, Michael C. Caramanis, Bowen Zhang, Ayse K. CoskunAbstract:Data centers have shown great opportunities to participate in extensive demand response programs in recently years. This paper specifically focuses on data centers as participants in Regulation Service reserves (RSR) power market. We propose a novel approach to model the dynamics of the job processing Quality of Service (QoS) in data centers that offer RSR, and use stochastic dynamic programming (DP) to solve for the optimal reserve deployment policies. We show that the job QoS degradation can be modeled as a time varying probability distribution function (PDF) whose mean and variance evolve as functions of recent control statistics. The mean and variance are in fact additional state variables or sufficient statistics of the stochastic DP whose solution provides the data center operator (DCO) decision supports to minimize the average operating costs associated with RSR signal tracking error and job processing QoS degradation. Simulation results show that the feedback control policy obtained from the stochastic DP solution can reduce the DCO's operating costs compared to heuristic operating protocols reported in the literature. In addition, the DP value function can assist the DCO to bid optimally into the hour-ahead joint energy and reserve market.
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Optimal Provision of Regulation Service Reserves Under Dynamic Energy Service Preferences
arXiv: Systems and Control, 2014Co-Authors: Bowen Zhang, Michael C. Caramanis, John BaillieulAbstract:We propose and solve a stochastic dynamic programming (DP) problem addressing the optimal provision of Regulation Service reserves (RSR) by controlling dynamic demand preferences in smart buildings. A major contribution over past dynamic pricing work is that we pioneer the relaxation of static, uniformly distributed utility of demand. In this paper we model explicitly the dynamics of energy Service preferences leading to a non-uniform and time varying probability distribution of demand utility. More explicitly, we model active and idle duty cycle appliances in a smart building as a closed queuing system with price-controlled arrival rates into the active appliance queue. Focusing on cooling appliances, we model the utility associated with the transition from idle to active as a non-uniform time varying function. We (i) derive an analytic characterization of the optimal policy and the differential cost function, and (ii) prove optimal policy monotonicity and value function convexity. These properties enable us to propose and implement a smart assisted value iteration (AVI) algorithm and an approximate DP (ADP) that exploits related functional approximations. Numerical results demonstrate the validity of the solution techniques and the computational advantage of the proposed ADP on realistic, large-state-space problems.
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Control of Smart Building Dynamic Energy Service Preferences for Efficient Regulation Service.
arXiv: Systems and Control, 2014Co-Authors: Bowen Zhang, Michael C. Caramanis, John BaillieulAbstract:We propose and solve a stochastic dynamic programming (DP) formulation of the optimal provision of Regulation Service reserves (RSR) by controlling dynamic demand preferences in smart buildings. A major contribution over past dynamic pricing work is that we pioneer the relaxation of static, uniformly distributed utility of demand. In this paper we model explicitly the dynamics of energy user preferences leading to a non-uniform and time varying probability distribution of demand utility. More explicitly, we model active and idle duty cycle appliances in a smart building as a closed queuing system with price-controlled arrival rates into the active appliance queue. Focusing on cooling appliances, we model the utility associated with the transition from idle to active as a non-uniform time varying function. We (i) derive an analytic characterization of the optimal policy and the differential cost function, and (ii) prove monotonicity and convexity properties. This enables us to propose and implement a smart assisted value iteration algorithm as well as an approximate DP solution based on the aforementioned functional approximations and properties. Numerical results demonstrate the validity of the solution techniques and the computational advantages of the proposed near optimal approximate-DP solutions for realistic, large-state-space problems.
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CDC - Decision support for offering load-side Regulation Service reserves in competitive power markets
52nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2013Co-Authors: Enes Bilgin, Michael C. CaramanisAbstract:This paper, (i) quantifies the ability of Smart Buildings to provide electric power Regulation Service (RS) given the characteristics of the building's flexible loads and the expected costs from occupant utility loss and imperfect tracking of System Operator RS requests, and (ii) develops an optimization-based decision support model to assist Smart Building Operators (SBO) willing to offer RS reserves in the Hour Ahead Power Market. The model incorporates minimal Regulation Service tracking performance constraints required by current market rule contractual requirements. To quantify these probabilistic constraints, we develop a Normal Distribution Approximation to the dynamic mean of the discrete time M/M/∞ queue of active appliance loads conditional upon the SBO's price directed control aimed at activating appliance loads. Finally, analytic estimates of performance statistics and properties of the dynamic optimal control used in tracking real time System Operator RS requests are developed and used in the decision support model. Numerical results are provided for elaboration purposes.
Dirk Uwe Sauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selection and performance degradation modeling of limo _ 2 li _ 4 ti _ 5 o _ 12 and lifepo _ 4 c battery cells as suitable energy storage systems for grid integration with wind power plants an example for the primary frequency Regulation Service
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Swierczynski, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
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Selection and Performance-Degradation Modeling of LiMO $_{2}$ /Li $_{4}$ Ti $_{5}$ O $_{12}$ and LiFePO $_{4}$ /C Battery Cells as Suitable Energy Storage Systems for Grid Integration With Wind Power Plants: An Example for the Primary Frequency Regul
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Swierczynski, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
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Selection and Performance-Degradation Modeling of LiMO$_{2}$/Li$_{4}$Ti$_{5}$O $_{12}$ and LiFePO $_{4}$/C Battery Cells as Suitable Energy Storage Systems for Grid Integration With Wind Power Plants: An Example for the Primary Frequency Regulation S
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Świerczyński, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
Ana Irina Stan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selection and performance degradation modeling of limo _ 2 li _ 4 ti _ 5 o _ 12 and lifepo _ 4 c battery cells as suitable energy storage systems for grid integration with wind power plants an example for the primary frequency Regulation Service
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Swierczynski, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
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Selection and Performance-Degradation Modeling of LiMO $_{2}$ /Li $_{4}$ Ti $_{5}$ O $_{12}$ and LiFePO $_{4}$ /C Battery Cells as Suitable Energy Storage Systems for Grid Integration With Wind Power Plants: An Example for the Primary Frequency Regul
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Swierczynski, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
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Selection and Performance-Degradation Modeling of LiMO$_{2}$/Li$_{4}$Ti$_{5}$O $_{12}$ and LiFePO $_{4}$/C Battery Cells as Suitable Energy Storage Systems for Grid Integration With Wind Power Plants: An Example for the Primary Frequency Regulation S
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Świerczyński, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
Daniel-ioan Stroe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Operation of a grid-connected lithium-ion battery energy storage system for primary frequency Regulation: A battery lifetime perspective
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel-ioan Stroe, Vaclav Knap, Maciej Swierczynski, Ana-irina Stroe, Remus TeodorescuAbstract:Because of their characteristics, which have been continuously improved during the last years, Lithium ion batteries were proposed as an alternative viable solution to present fast-reacting conventional generating units to deliver the primary frequency Regulation Service. However, even though there are worldwide demonstration projects where energy storage systems based on Lithium-ion batteries are evaluated for such applications, the field experience is still very limited. In consequence, at present there are no very clear requirements on how the Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems should be operated while providing frequency Regulation Service and how the system has to re-establish its SOC once the frequency event has passed. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effect on the lifetime of the Lithium-ion batteries energy storage system of various strategies for re-establishing the batteries’ SOC after the primary frequency Regulation is successfully delivered.
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operation of a grid connected lithium ion battery energy storage system for primary frequency Regulation a battery lifetime perspective
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel-ioan Stroe, Vaclav Knap, Maciej Swierczynski, Ana-irina Stroe, Remus TeodorescuAbstract:Because of their characteristics, which have been continuously improved during the last years, Lithium-ion batteries have been proposed as an alternative viable solution to present fast-reacting conventional generating units to deliver the primary frequency Regulation Service. However, even though there are worldwide demonstration projects, where energy storage systems based on Lithium-ion batteries are evaluated for such applications, the field experience is still very limited. In consequence, at present, there are no very clear requirements on how the Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems should be operated, while providing frequency Regulation Service and how the system has to reestablish its state of charge (SOC) once the frequency event has passed. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effect on the lifetime of the Lithium-ion batteries energy storage system of various strategies for reestablishing the batteries’ SOC after the primary frequency Regulation is successfully delivered.
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selection and performance degradation modeling of limo _ 2 li _ 4 ti _ 5 o _ 12 and lifepo _ 4 c battery cells as suitable energy storage systems for grid integration with wind power plants an example for the primary frequency Regulation Service
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Swierczynski, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
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Selection and Performance-Degradation Modeling of LiMO $_{2}$ /Li $_{4}$ Ti $_{5}$ O $_{12}$ and LiFePO $_{4}$ /C Battery Cells as Suitable Energy Storage Systems for Grid Integration With Wind Power Plants: An Example for the Primary Frequency Regul
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Swierczynski, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
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Selection and Performance-Degradation Modeling of LiMO$_{2}$/Li$_{4}$Ti$_{5}$O $_{12}$ and LiFePO $_{4}$/C Battery Cells as Suitable Energy Storage Systems for Grid Integration With Wind Power Plants: An Example for the Primary Frequency Regulation S
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Świerczyński, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
Remus Teodorescu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Operation of a grid-connected lithium-ion battery energy storage system for primary frequency Regulation: A battery lifetime perspective
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel-ioan Stroe, Vaclav Knap, Maciej Swierczynski, Ana-irina Stroe, Remus TeodorescuAbstract:Because of their characteristics, which have been continuously improved during the last years, Lithium ion batteries were proposed as an alternative viable solution to present fast-reacting conventional generating units to deliver the primary frequency Regulation Service. However, even though there are worldwide demonstration projects where energy storage systems based on Lithium-ion batteries are evaluated for such applications, the field experience is still very limited. In consequence, at present there are no very clear requirements on how the Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems should be operated while providing frequency Regulation Service and how the system has to re-establish its SOC once the frequency event has passed. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effect on the lifetime of the Lithium-ion batteries energy storage system of various strategies for re-establishing the batteries’ SOC after the primary frequency Regulation is successfully delivered.
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operation of a grid connected lithium ion battery energy storage system for primary frequency Regulation a battery lifetime perspective
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel-ioan Stroe, Vaclav Knap, Maciej Swierczynski, Ana-irina Stroe, Remus TeodorescuAbstract:Because of their characteristics, which have been continuously improved during the last years, Lithium-ion batteries have been proposed as an alternative viable solution to present fast-reacting conventional generating units to deliver the primary frequency Regulation Service. However, even though there are worldwide demonstration projects, where energy storage systems based on Lithium-ion batteries are evaluated for such applications, the field experience is still very limited. In consequence, at present, there are no very clear requirements on how the Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems should be operated, while providing frequency Regulation Service and how the system has to reestablish its state of charge (SOC) once the frequency event has passed. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effect on the lifetime of the Lithium-ion batteries energy storage system of various strategies for reestablishing the batteries’ SOC after the primary frequency Regulation is successfully delivered.
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selection and performance degradation modeling of limo _ 2 li _ 4 ti _ 5 o _ 12 and lifepo _ 4 c battery cells as suitable energy storage systems for grid integration with wind power plants an example for the primary frequency Regulation Service
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Swierczynski, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
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Selection and Performance-Degradation Modeling of LiMO $_{2}$ /Li $_{4}$ Ti $_{5}$ O $_{12}$ and LiFePO $_{4}$ /C Battery Cells as Suitable Energy Storage Systems for Grid Integration With Wind Power Plants: An Example for the Primary Frequency Regul
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Swierczynski, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
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Selection and Performance-Degradation Modeling of LiMO$_{2}$/Li$_{4}$Ti$_{5}$O $_{12}$ and LiFePO $_{4}$/C Battery Cells as Suitable Energy Storage Systems for Grid Integration With Wind Power Plants: An Example for the Primary Frequency Regulation S
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Maciej Świerczyński, Daniel-ioan Stroe, Ana Irina Stan, Remus Teodorescu, Dirk Uwe SauerAbstract:Advances in the development of energy storage technologies are making them attractive for grid integration together with wind power plants. Thus, the new system, the virtual power plant, is able to emulate the characteristics of today's conventional power plants. However, at present, energy storage devices are expensive and proper selection of the energy storage technology that is to be grid integrated with wind power plants is necessary. In this paper, a methodology for selection of the most suitable energy storage technology for grid integration with wind power plants is proposed. The selection process is Service-oriented and thus the energy storage technology is selected based on certain requirement criteria. The primary frequency Regulation Service was chosen, for example, due to its potential economic benefits. For this Service, low cost per cycle at partial charge/discharge was found as the requirement criterion while Li-ion batteries where found as the devices which could best fulfil this requirement. Since accurate and fast battery performance models are indispensable for studying the virtual power plant behavior under different operating conditions, impedance-based performance-degradation models were developed for the two most suitable Li-ion chemistries for the primary frequency Regulation Service: LiMO2/Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4/C.
