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Peng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Communication systems for grid integration of Renewable Energy Resources
    IEEE Network, 2011
    Co-Authors: Peng Zhang, Weidong Xiao, Paul Choudhury
    Abstract:

    There is growing interest in Renewable Energy around the world. Since most Renewable sources are intermittent in nature, it is a challenging task to integrate Renewable Energy Resources into the power grid infrastructure. In this grid integration, communication systems are crucial technologies, which enable the accommodation of distributed Renewable Energy generation and play extremely important role in monitoring, operating, and protecting both Renewable Energy generators and power systems. In this paper, we review some communication technologies available for grid integration of Renewable Energy Resources. Then, we present the communication systems used in a real Renewable Energy project, Bear Mountain Wind Farm (BMW) in British Columbia, Canada. In addition, we present the communication systems used in Photovoltaic Power Systems (PPS). Finally, we outline some research challenges and possible solutions about the communication systems for grid integration of Renewable Energy Resources.

  • Distributed scheduling in smart grid communications with dynamic power demands and intermittent Renewable Energy Resources
    IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2011
    Co-Authors: Shengrong Bu, Peter X. Liu, Peng Zhang
    Abstract:

    Concerns about climate change, rising fossil fuel prices and Energy security have spurred interest in Renewable Energy generation and smart grid. Due to the dynamic power demands and intermittent Renewable Energy Resources, optimal scheduling of power generation systems is important to minimize cost and green house gas emissions, and to avoid blackouts in smart grid. In this paper, we propose a distributed stochastic scheduling scheme in smart grid communications with dynamic power demands and intermittent Renewable Energy Resources. Due to meteorological instability and complex system dynamics, hidden Markov models are used in modeling Renewable Energy Resources. We formulate the stochastic scheduling problem as a partially observable Markov decision process multi-armed bandit problem. A value iteration algorithm is used to solve the above problem. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

P.r. Bijwe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Day-Ahead and Real Time Optimal Power Flow considering Renewable Energy Resources
    International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 2016
    Co-Authors: S. Surender Reddy, P.r. Bijwe
    Abstract:

    In practice, the Real Time Optimal Power Flow (RT-OPF) is performed in every 5-15 min intervals, and the Day-Ahead Optimal Power Flow (DA-OPF) is performed in every 1 h intervals with the static snapshot forecast data. During the period between two consecutive schedules, the generators participate in managing power imbalance, based on participation factors from previous Economic Dispatch (ED)/Optimal Power Flow (OPF). In modern power system with considerable Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) that have high variability, this conventional approach may not adequately accommodate the economic implication of the said variability. This paper proposes the evaluation of 'best-fit' participation factors by taking into account the minute-to-minute variability of solar, wind and load demand for RT-OPF, and every 15 min variability for DA-OPF, over a scheduling period. The voltage, reactive power limit and line flow constraints are included for all minute-to-minute sub-intervals for RT-OPF and for every 15 min sub-intervals for DA-OPF. From the system security point of view, voltage stability index is calculated in DA-OPF and RT-OPF approaches. Since 'best-fit' participation factors are evaluated only once, i.e., at the start of scheduling interval, the dimensionality of optimization problem remains the same as that of conventional approach. IEEE 30 bus system is used to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of system security and economical benefit.

  • Real time economic dispatch considering Renewable Energy Resources
    Renewable Energy, 2015
    Co-Authors: S. Surender Reddy, P.r. Bijwe
    Abstract:

    In practice, the real time economic dispatch is performed in every 5-15 min intervals with the static snapshot forecast data. During the period between two consecutive schedules, generators participate in managing power imbalance, based on participation factors from previous economic dispatch. In modern power system with considerable Renewable Energy Resources that have high variability, this conventional approach may not adequately accommodate the economic implication of the said variability. This paper proposes the evaluation of 'best-fit' participation factors by considering the minute-to-minute variability of solar, wind and load demand, for a scheduling period. The voltage, reactive power limit and line flow constraints are included for all minute-to-minute sub-intervals. Since 'best-fit' participation factors are evaluated only once, i.e., at the start of scheduling interval, the dimensionality of optimization problem remains the same as that of conventional approach. The proposed approach is suggested for sequential as well as dynamic variants. The proposed real time economic dispatch approaches are tested on IEEE 30 bus and 118 bus test systems considering variability in Renewable Energy sources and load demand.

Omar Ellabban - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Renewable Energy Resources current status future prospects and their enabling technology
    Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014
    Co-Authors: Omar Ellabban, Haitham Aburub
    Abstract:

    Electric Energy security is essential, yet the high cost and limited sources of fossil fuels, in addition to the need to reduce greenhouse gasses emission, have made Renewable Resources attractive in world Energy-based economies. The potential for Renewable Energy Resources is enormous because they can, in principle, exponentially exceed the world׳s Energy demand; therefore, these types of Resources will have a significant share in the future global Energy portfolio, much of which is now concentrating on advancing their pool of Renewable Energy Resources. Accordingly, this paper presents how Renewable Energy Resources are currently being used, scientific developments to improve their use, their future prospects, and their deployment. Additionally, the paper represents the impact of power electronics and smart grid technologies that can enable the proportionate share of Renewable Energy Resources.

R.c. Bansal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an overview of Renewable Energy Resources and grid integration for commercial building applications
    Journal of energy storage, 2020
    Co-Authors: R.c. Bansal, Nsilulu Tresor Mbungu, Raj Naidoo, M W Siti, Diambomba H Tungadio
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper presents an overview of the integration of Renewable Energy Resources in the urban sector. The article also describes the current global Energy demand and growth challenges that the world is currently facing. The literature survey on the global Energy scenario and Renewable Energy integration, which mainly involves solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery Energy storage systems (BESS), is presented. The paper also addresses the different contexts of using Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) and grid-connected applications. It develops the concept of PV Energy storage integration in commercial building applications. Since the common RERs such as wind and solar vary according to seasonal and geographic locations, an outline of the Energy storage system that provides a platform for optimal use of RERs is also presented. This structure refers to their ability and dynamic structure that can combine with the Renewable power generation to maximise the use of RERs and to ensure the total Energy supply to the load. It was observed that the integration of distributed Energy Resources (DERs) which are connected to the grid is beneficial when the PV and Energy storage system (ESS) are smartly mixed with the utility grid. The primary purpose of this Energy mix is to assist in improving the dynamic performance of any electrical network operating in a commercial building setup. Thus, this research work analyses the possibility of designing dynamic behaviour for Energy management for commercial building applications in South Africa.

  • reliability economic and environmental analysis of a microgrid system in the presence of Renewable Energy Resources
    Applied Energy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Temitope Adefarati, R.c. Bansal
    Abstract:

    The application of Renewable Energy Resources in a power system has received significant attention owing to the environmental impacts and fluctuations of fossil fuel prices. Consequently, Renewable Energy Resources have become important sources to generate power at the commercial level due to their various benefits, coupled with the government incentives and public supports. This research work is focused on the evaluation of the reliability, economic and environmental benefits of Renewable Energy Resources in a microgrid system. The lifecycle analysis of a microgrid system that consists of the photovoltaic, wind turbine generator, electric storage system and diesel generator is implemented in this study to test their commercial prospects in rural communities that have no access to electricity due to economic and technical constraints. The objective of this research work is to minimize the cost of Energy, lifecycle cost, the annual cost of load loss and lifecycle greenhouse gas emission cost as well as to improve the overall benefit of green technologies in the proposed microgrid system. This objective is achieved by utilizing the basic probability concept to obtain the reliability performance indicators such as expected Energy not served, loss of load expectation and loss of load probability, in addition to utilizing an fmincon optimization tool in the MATLAB environment to investigate the environmental and economic effects of Renewable Energy Resources in a power system. The suitability of the model is tested on six case studies by using the same load profile, wind speed and irradiation of the site and diesel generator power capacity. The market factors such as interest rate and price of diesel fuel as well as forced outage rate, annual peak load variation and distributed generation penetration level are utilized to study their impacts on the operation of a microgrid system. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the optimal feasibility of Renewable Energy Resources in a microgrid system. This indicates that it offers a significant reduction in the values of lifecycle cost, cost of Energy, greenhouse gas emission cost and the annual cost of load loss when compared with case study 1. This research work shows that the utilization of green technologies in a microgrid system optimizes the reliability, cost savings, lifecycle cost and environmental impact. The technique adopted in the study can serve as a reference for rural electrification projects and solve socioeconomic problems that are associated with power outages.

  • Reliability and economic assessment of a microgrid power system with the integration of Renewable Energy Resources
    Applied Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Temitope Adefarati, R.c. Bansal
    Abstract:

    The reliability assessment of a power system has become a significant subject in the power sector for both utilities and customers due to sudden increase in demand of a reliable power supply at minimal frequency and duration of power outages. This has prompted the utilities to use the accessible Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) as measures to increase the reliability of a power system as well as reduction of over dependence on fossil fuels. The incorporation of Renewable Energy technologies into a radial distribution system has changed the single power source to bidirectional and multiple power sources. This improves the reliability of the system as well as reducing the power outages that associated with the radial distribution networks. In this work, wind turbine generator (WTG), photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system (BSS) are utilized with the aim of improving the reliability of the existing microgrid power system and reducing the cost of Energy (COE) and annualised cost of the system (ACS). The objective of the research work is accomplished by using the total outage cost (TOC), COE, ACS, annualized capital cost (ACC), annualized maintenance cost (AMC), annualized fuel cost (AFC), annualized emission cost (AEC), annualized replacement cost (ARC) and net present cost (NPC) of the power system. An fmincon optimization tool is utilized in this paper to investigate the effects of RERs in a microgrid system. The stochastic characteristics of the major components of RERs and their influences on the reliability of a power system are studied by using a Markov model. The proposed method is applied on the modified Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) to establish the fact that RERs can be used to enhance the reliability and reduce the COE and ACS of the system. A comparative analysis of RERs is also carried out by studying the effects of interest rates on the COE, NPC and ACS of a power system. The results obtained from the research work demonstrate that the application of Renewable Energy distributed generation technologies has achieved better results.

  • islanded operation of microgrids with inverter connected Renewable Energy Resources
    IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2014
    Co-Authors: Hemanshu Roy Pota, Rajit Gadh, M A Mahmud, M J Hossain, R.c. Bansal
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper contains a control scheme for power sharing in islanded microgrids with inverter-sourced distributed Energy Resources that combines robust control and droop control. As the load within the microgrid changes, the inverter-sourced generators share the change in the load; this paper shows that the uncontrolled load sharing among the generators will be arbitrary and methods such as droop control achieve a regulated change. This paper includes a background on control schemes for power sharing and highlights the difficulty in exact reactive power sharing. The performance of the proposed controller is demonstrated using a test microgrid system.

F Gori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mass and Energy capital conservation equations to study price evolution of non Renewable Energy Resources part iii Energy supply curve
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009
    Co-Authors: F Gori
    Abstract:

    Abstract The price evolution of non-Renewable Resources versus the consumption rate is investigated with the aim of constructing the Energy supply curve. The case studied is without accumulation nor depletion of the Resources and the mass and Energy-capital conservation equations are solved under the condition of the same mass flow rate of extraction and sale. The Energy supply curve of extracted resource is dependent on the newly defined parameter, RINE, Rate of Interest of Non-extracted Resources on the Extraction rate. The Energy supply curve of sold resource is dependent on the newly defined parameter, RISE, Rate of Interest of Sold Resources on the Extraction rate, in case the rate of interest of non-extracted Resources, rN, is nil. In general, the Energy supply curve of sold resource is dependent also on two dimensionless parameters, Dimensionless Critical Initial Price of Sold Resources, i.e. DCIPS, and Dimensionless Critical Initial Price Extreme of Sold Resources, i.e. DCIPES. The Energy supply curve of sold Resources is investigated under different relations between three parameters, i.e. extraction rate and interest rates of non-extracted and extracted/sold Resources. New trends are observed in the economic market of non-Renewable Energy Resources. The Energy supply curve of the difference between sold and extracted resource is also obtained and is dependent on two dimensionless parameters, Critical Initial Price Difference, i.e. CIPD, and Critical Extreme of the Initial Price Difference, i.e. CEIPD. Finally, the predictions obtained with the present approach are compared to the real evolution of the world price of oil and the European price of gas versus the world consumption during the last three decades, i.e. from 1980 until 2005 for oil and from 1984 until 2005 for gas, taking into account inflation, discount and prime rates of the economic market. The agreement is acceptable but, more important, the trend is correctly predicted. The price difference between sold and extracted Resources is also investigated versus the dimensionless mass flow rate of extraction. The evolution is dependent on four parameters: RINE, RISE, DCIPS, and DCIPES.