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Martin Pehnt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dynamic life cycle assessment lca of Renewable Energy Technologies
    Renewable Energy, 2006
    Co-Authors: Martin Pehnt
    Abstract:

    Before new Technologies enter the market, their environmental superiority over competing options must be asserted based on a life cycle approach. However, when applying the prevailing status-quo Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to future Renewable Energy systems, one does not distinguish between impacts which are ‘imported’ into the system due to the ‘background system’ (e.g. due to supply of materials or final Energy for the production of the Energy system), and what is the improvement potential of these Technologies compared to competitors (e.g. due to process and system innovations or diffusion effects). This paper investigates a dynamic approach towards the LCA of Renewable Energy Technologies and proves that for all Renewable Energy chains, the inputs of finite Energy resources and emissions of greenhouse gases are extremely low compared with the conventional system. With regard to the other environmental impacts the findings do not reveal any clear verdict for or against Renewable energies.

  • dynamic life cycle assessment lca of Renewable Energy Technologies
    Renewable Energy, 2006
    Co-Authors: Martin Pehnt
    Abstract:

    Abstract Before new Technologies enter the market, their environmental superiority over competing options must be asserted based on a life cycle approach. However, when applying the prevailing status-quo Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to future Renewable Energy systems, one does not distinguish between impacts which are ‘imported’ into the system due to the ‘background system’ (e.g. due to supply of materials or final Energy for the production of the Energy system), and what is the improvement potential of these Technologies compared to competitors (e.g. due to process and system innovations or diffusion effects). This paper investigates a dynamic approach towards the LCA of Renewable Energy Technologies and proves that for all Renewable Energy chains, the inputs of finite Energy resources and emissions of greenhouse gases are extremely low compared with the conventional system. With regard to the other environmental impacts the findings do not reveal any clear verdict for or against Renewable energies. Future development will enable a further reduction of environmental impacts of Renewable Energy systems. Different factors are responsible for this development, such as progress with respect to technical parameters of Energy converters, in particular, improved efficiency; emissions characteristics; increased lifetime, etc.; advances with regard to the production process of Energy converters and fuels; and advances with regard to ‘external’ services originating from conventional Energy and transport systems, for instance, improved electricity or process heat supply for system production and ecologically optimized transport systems for fuel transportation. The application of Renewable Energy sources might modify not only the background system, but also further downstream aspects, such as consumer behavior. This effect is, however, strongly context and technology dependent.

Wojciech M Budzianowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • negative carbon intensity of Renewable Energy Technologies involving biomass or carbon dioxide as inputs
    Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012
    Co-Authors: Wojciech M Budzianowski
    Abstract:

    Conventional fossil fuel-based Energy Technologies can achieve efficiency in Energy conversion but they are usually completely inefficient in carbon conversion because they generate significant CO2 emissions to the atmosphere per unit Energy converted. In contrast, some Renewable Energy Technologies characterized by negative carbon intensity can simultaneously achieve efficiency in the conversion of Energy and in the conversion of carbon. These carbon negative Renewable Energy Technologies can generate useful Energy and remove CO2 from the atmosphere, either by direct capture and recycling of atmospheric CO2 or indirectly, by involving biofuels. Interestingly, the deployment of carbon negative Renewable Energy Technologies can offset carbon emissions from conventional fossil fuel-based Energy Technologies and thus reduce the overall carbon intensity of Energy systems.

  • negative carbon intensity of Renewable Energy Technologies involving biomass or carbon dioxide as inputs
    Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012
    Co-Authors: Wojciech M Budzianowski
    Abstract:

    Abstract Conventional fossil fuel-based Energy Technologies can achieve efficiency in Energy conversion but they are usually completely inefficient in carbon conversion because they generate significant CO2 emissions to the atmosphere per unit Energy converted. In contrast, some Renewable Energy Technologies characterized by negative carbon intensity can simultaneously achieve efficiency in the conversion of Energy and in the conversion of carbon. These carbon negative Renewable Energy Technologies can generate useful Energy and remove CO2 from the atmosphere, either by direct capture and recycling of atmospheric CO2 or indirectly, by involving biofuels. Interestingly, the deployment of carbon negative Renewable Energy Technologies can offset carbon emissions from conventional fossil fuel-based Energy Technologies and thus reduce the overall carbon intensity of Energy systems. The current review analyzes two groups of Renewable Energy Technologies involving biomass or CO2 as inputs. The discussions focus on useful techniques which enable to achieve negative carbon intensity of Energy while being technologically promising in near-term as well as cost-effective. These analyzes include advanced carbon sequestration concepts such as soil carbon sequestration and CO2 recycling to useful C-rich products such as fuels and fertilizers. The 'drop-in' of Renewable Energy is achieved by allowing bioEnergy and Renewable energies in the form of Renewable electricity, Renewable thermal Energy, solar Energy, Renewable hydrogen, etc. The carbon negative Renewable Energy Technologies are analyzed and perspectives and constraints of each technology are expounded.

Helen C.m. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • novel offshore application of photovoltaics in comparison to conventional marine Renewable Energy Technologies
    Renewable Energy, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kim Trapani, Dean L Millar, Helen C.m. Smith
    Abstract:

    An original proposal for the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems in offshore environments is presented in this paper. Crystalline PV panels are considered where they are deployed on pontoon type structures and there are six case study examples precedent practise of such deployments in lakes and reservoirs (but not seas). The authors put forward an alternative based on flexible thin film PV that floats directly on the waterline. The paper then concentrates on the techno-economic appraisal of offshore PV systems in comparison to conventional marine Renewable Energy Technologies. The difficulties of comparing offshore technology projects developed in various countries, using different currencies and in different years are overcome so that such comparisons are made on an equitable basis. The discounted cost of electricity generated by each scheme is determined, including capital expenditure (CAPEX) and yearly operation and maintenance (O&M) costs.

  • novel offshore application of photovoltaics in comparison to conventional marine Renewable Energy Technologies
    Renewable Energy, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kim Trapani, Dean L Millar, Helen C.m. Smith
    Abstract:

    Abstract An original proposal for the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems in offshore environments is presented in this paper. Crystalline PV panels are considered where they are deployed on pontoon type structures and there are six case study examples precedent practise of such deployments in lakes and reservoirs (but not seas). The authors put forward an alternative based on flexible thin film PV that floats directly on the waterline. The paper then concentrates on the techno-economic appraisal of offshore PV systems in comparison to conventional marine Renewable Energy Technologies. The difficulties of comparing offshore technology projects developed in various countries, using different currencies and in different years are overcome so that such comparisons are made on an equitable basis. The discounted cost of electricity generated by each scheme is determined, including capital expenditure (CAPEX) and yearly operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. Actual wind, tidal (current turbines and barrages) and wave projects were considered in the analysis alongside crystalline and thin film PV. Thin film PV was found to be economically competitive with offshore wind Energy projects for latitudes ranging from 45°N to 45°S. The specific yield, assessed in terms of GWh/km 2 was higher for thin film PV than for wind, wave and tidal barrage systems. In addition the specific installed capacity, expressed in MW/km 2 was also higher than the other conventional Technologies considered (excluding tidal current turbines).

J Noailly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS FROM Renewable Energy Technologies, LESSONS FROM PATENT CITATIONS Knowledge spillovers from Renewable Energy Technologies: Lessons from patent citations
    2020
    Co-Authors: J Noailly, V Shestalova
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper studies the knowledge spillovers generated by Renewable Energy Technologies, unraveling the technological fields that benefit from knowledge developed in storage, solar, wind, marine, hydropower, geothermal, waste and biomass Energy Technologies. Using citation data of patents in Renewable Technologies at 17 European countries over the 1978-2006 period, the analysis examines the relative importance of knowledge flows within the same specific technological field (intra-technology spillovers), to other Technologies in the field of power-generation (inter-technology spillovers), and to Technologies unrelated to power-generation (external-technology spillovers). The results show significant differences across various Renewable Technologies. While wind Technologies mainly find applications within their own technological field, a large share of innovations in solar Energy and storage Technologies find applications outside the field of power generation, suggesting that solar Technologies are more general and, therefore, may have a higher value for society. Finally, the knowledge from waste and biomass Technologies is mainly exploited by fossil-fuel power-generating Technologies. The paper discusses the implications of these results for the design of R&D policies for Renewable Energy innovation

  • knowledge spillovers from Renewable Energy Technologies lessons from patent citations
    Environmental innovation and societal transitions, 2017
    Co-Authors: J Noailly, V Shestalova
    Abstract:

    This paper studies the knowledge spillovers generated by Renewable Energy Technologies, unraveling the technological fields that benefit from knowledge developed in storage, solar, wind, marine, hydropower, geothermal, waste and biomass Energy Technologies. Using citation data of patents in Renewable Technologies filed at 18 European patent offices over the 1978–2006 period, the analysis examines the importance of knowledge flows within the same specific technological field (intra-technology spillovers), to other Technologies in the field of power-generation (inter-technology spillovers), and to Technologies unrelated to power-generation (external-technology spillovers). The results show significant differences across various Technologies. Overall, patents in wind, storage and solar Technologies tend to be more frequently cited than other Technologies. While wind Technologies mainly find applications within their own field, a large share of innovations in solar Energy and storage Technologies find applications outside the field of power generation. The paper discusses the implications of these results for policymaking.

  • knowledge spillovers from Renewable Energy Technologies lessons from patent citations
    Research Papers in Economics, 2013
    Co-Authors: J Noailly, V Shestalova
    Abstract:

    This paper studies the knowledge spillovers generated by Renewable-Energy Technologies, unraveling the technological fields that benefit from knowledge developed in storage, solar, wind, marine, hydropower, geothermal, waste and biomass Energy Technologies. A CPB Background Document accompanies this CPB Discussion Paper. Using citation data of patents in Renewable Technologies at seventeen European countries over the 1978-2006 period, the analysis examines the relative importance of knowledge flows within the same specific technological field (intra-technology spillovers), to other Technologies in the field of power-generation (inter-technology spillovers), and to Technologies unrelated to power-generation (external-technology spillovers). The results show significant differences across various Renewable Technologies. While wind Technologies mainly find applications within their own technological field, a large share of innovations in solar Energy and storage Technologies find applications outside the field of power generation, suggesting that solar Technologies are more general and, therefore, may have a higher value for society. Finally, the knowledge from waste and biomass Technologies is mainly exploited by fossil-fuel power-generating Technologies. The paper discusses the implications of these results for the design of R&D policies for Renewable Energy innovation.

V Shestalova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS FROM Renewable Energy Technologies, LESSONS FROM PATENT CITATIONS Knowledge spillovers from Renewable Energy Technologies: Lessons from patent citations
    2020
    Co-Authors: J Noailly, V Shestalova
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper studies the knowledge spillovers generated by Renewable Energy Technologies, unraveling the technological fields that benefit from knowledge developed in storage, solar, wind, marine, hydropower, geothermal, waste and biomass Energy Technologies. Using citation data of patents in Renewable Technologies at 17 European countries over the 1978-2006 period, the analysis examines the relative importance of knowledge flows within the same specific technological field (intra-technology spillovers), to other Technologies in the field of power-generation (inter-technology spillovers), and to Technologies unrelated to power-generation (external-technology spillovers). The results show significant differences across various Renewable Technologies. While wind Technologies mainly find applications within their own technological field, a large share of innovations in solar Energy and storage Technologies find applications outside the field of power generation, suggesting that solar Technologies are more general and, therefore, may have a higher value for society. Finally, the knowledge from waste and biomass Technologies is mainly exploited by fossil-fuel power-generating Technologies. The paper discusses the implications of these results for the design of R&D policies for Renewable Energy innovation

  • knowledge spillovers from Renewable Energy Technologies lessons from patent citations
    Environmental innovation and societal transitions, 2017
    Co-Authors: J Noailly, V Shestalova
    Abstract:

    This paper studies the knowledge spillovers generated by Renewable Energy Technologies, unraveling the technological fields that benefit from knowledge developed in storage, solar, wind, marine, hydropower, geothermal, waste and biomass Energy Technologies. Using citation data of patents in Renewable Technologies filed at 18 European patent offices over the 1978–2006 period, the analysis examines the importance of knowledge flows within the same specific technological field (intra-technology spillovers), to other Technologies in the field of power-generation (inter-technology spillovers), and to Technologies unrelated to power-generation (external-technology spillovers). The results show significant differences across various Technologies. Overall, patents in wind, storage and solar Technologies tend to be more frequently cited than other Technologies. While wind Technologies mainly find applications within their own field, a large share of innovations in solar Energy and storage Technologies find applications outside the field of power generation. The paper discusses the implications of these results for policymaking.

  • knowledge spillovers from Renewable Energy Technologies lessons from patent citations
    Research Papers in Economics, 2013
    Co-Authors: J Noailly, V Shestalova
    Abstract:

    This paper studies the knowledge spillovers generated by Renewable-Energy Technologies, unraveling the technological fields that benefit from knowledge developed in storage, solar, wind, marine, hydropower, geothermal, waste and biomass Energy Technologies. A CPB Background Document accompanies this CPB Discussion Paper. Using citation data of patents in Renewable Technologies at seventeen European countries over the 1978-2006 period, the analysis examines the relative importance of knowledge flows within the same specific technological field (intra-technology spillovers), to other Technologies in the field of power-generation (inter-technology spillovers), and to Technologies unrelated to power-generation (external-technology spillovers). The results show significant differences across various Renewable Technologies. While wind Technologies mainly find applications within their own technological field, a large share of innovations in solar Energy and storage Technologies find applications outside the field of power generation, suggesting that solar Technologies are more general and, therefore, may have a higher value for society. Finally, the knowledge from waste and biomass Technologies is mainly exploited by fossil-fuel power-generating Technologies. The paper discusses the implications of these results for the design of R&D policies for Renewable Energy innovation.