The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gérard Chaouat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Epidemiological studies on primipaternity and Immunology in preeclampsia--a statement after twelve years of workshops.
Journal of reproductive immunology, 2011Co-Authors: Pierre-yves Robillard, Gérard Chaouat, Gustaaf A. Dekker, Thomas C. Hulsey, Audrey F. SaftlasAbstract:Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) represent 10% of human births globally and the major complication preeclampsia has a 3-5% prevalence. The etiology of HDP remains uncertain; however, major advances have been made over the last 25 years. The Seventh International Workshop on Reproductive Immunology, Immunological Tolerance and Immunology of Preeclampsia 2010 celebrated its 12th Anniversary in Tioman Island in 2010. Over this period, these seven workshops have contributed extensively to immunological, epidemiological, anthropological, and even vascular debates. The defect of trophoblastic invasion encountered in preeclampsia, intra-uterine growth restriction, and to some extent preterm labor, was understood only at the end of the 1970s. On the other hand, clinical and epidemiological findings at the end of the 20th century permitted us to apprehend that "preeclampsia, the disease of primiparae" may well be a disease of first pregnancy for a couple. Among the important advances, Reproductive Immunology is certainly the topic where knowledge has exploded in the last decade. This paper relates some major steps in the comprehension of this disease and provides a review of epidemiological studies on the "primipaternity paradigm". It focuses on the relevance of new developments and new concepts in Immunology. At the beginning of the 21st century we are possibly closer than ever to understanding the etiology of this obstetrical enigma and also the pathophysiology of global endothelial inflammation in preeclamptic women. In this quest, Reproductive Immunology will certainly emerge as one of the main players.
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REVIEW ARTICLE: Tolerance to the Foetal Allograft?
American journal of reproductive immunology (New York N.Y. : 1989), 2010Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Sylvie Dubanchet, Marie Petitbarat, Mona Rahmati, Nathalie LedéeAbstract:Citation Chaouat G, Petitbarat M, Dubanchet S, Rahmati M, Ledee N. Tolerance to the Foetal Allograft? Am J Reprod Immunol 2010 In this review, we will detail the concept of tolerance and its history in Reproductive Immunology. We will then consider whether it applies to the foetal–maternal relationship and discuss the mechanisms involved in non-rejection of the foeto-placental unit.
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TH1/TH2 paradigm in pregnancy: paradigm lost? Cytokines in pregnancy/early abortion: reexamining the TH1/TH2 paradigm.
International archives of allergy and immunology, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Natalie Ledee-bataille, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, Jacques MartalAbstract:In this paper, we briefly survey the history of concepts in Reproductive Immunology from antibody-mediated tolerance to the ‘fetal allograft’ to the current concept of an embryo ‘bathing in a sea of c
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Reproductive Immunology 2003: reassessing the Th1/Th2 paradigm?
Immunology letters, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, N. Ledee-bataille, Jacques MartalAbstract:We briefly review the history of concepts (some of which are still valid) which have lead to the present situation where pregnancy is viewed as being a Th2 phenomenon. We recall some of the early evidence which has been taken as supporting the general validity of this concept in murine and human pregnancy. We then recall some of the recent data dealing with "newer" cytokines and the role of uterine natural killer (NK) cells at the feto-maternal interface which fit neither with a steady-state concept nor with inflammatory cytokines, being solely "bad guys" as the paradigm would predict, nor with the concept of reduction of NK "activity" being required for successful pregnancy. As an example of the newer complexity, we briefly recall some of our recent micro-array studies in mice, and describe briefly our most recent data in human pointing out the importance of the tripod IL-12/IL-18/NK in successful or failed pregnancy in human, perhaps under IL-15 control. We conclude by a repeated warning against the so-called rationales of lymphocyte alloimmunization for therapy of recurrent spontaneous abortion and improvement of implantation rates.
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Reproductive Immunology 2003 reassessing the th1 th2 paradigm
Immunology Letters, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, N Ledeebataille, Jacques MartalAbstract:We briefly review the history of concepts (some of which are still valid) which have lead to the present situation where pregnancy is viewed as being a Th2 phenomenon. We recall some of the early evidence which has been taken as supporting the general validity of this concept in murine and human pregnancy. We then recall some of the recent data dealing with "newer" cytokines and the role of uterine natural killer (NK) cells at the feto-maternal interface which fit neither with a steady-state concept nor with inflammatory cytokines, being solely "bad guys" as the paradigm would predict, nor with the concept of reduction of NK "activity" being required for successful pregnancy. As an example of the newer complexity, we briefly recall some of our recent micro-array studies in mice, and describe briefly our most recent data in human pointing out the importance of the tripod IL-12/IL-18/NK in successful or failed pregnancy in human, perhaps under IL-15 control. We conclude by a repeated warning against the so-called rationales of lymphocyte alloimmunization for therapy of recurrent spontaneous abortion and improvement of implantation rates.
David A. Clark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mouse is the new woman? Translational research in Reproductive Immunology.
Seminars in immunopathology, 2016Co-Authors: David A. ClarkAbstract:In an outbred mating typical of human reproduction, the embryo and feto-placental unit express paternal antigens to which the mother’s immune system can react. However, the embryo and feto-placental unit can engineer the maternal immune defense system towards helpful rather than harmful reactions. Indeed, this begins with the prospective mother’s exposure to paternal seminal plasma. In this review, the pregnancy complications of implantation failure (infertility), recurrent spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, and premature labor are examined to determine the degree of similarity between events in women and events in lab mouse models. The artificially induced model of endometriosis (which contributes to infertility) is also compared to what occurs in women. One may conclude that the female mouse provides a good analog of the human female. Nevertheless, it is always important to validate mouse data with human studies. The discussion focuses on the intrauterine interface between embryonic and placental tissues and maternal uterine tissues and the dialogue that is referred to as cross-talk. Issues relating to bidirectional transplacental traffic of immune system cells are not discussed as there is very little relevant data.
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Popular myths in Reproductive Immunology.
Journal of reproductive immunology, 2014Co-Authors: David A. ClarkAbstract:According to Mark Twain, "It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble. It's what you know for sure that just ain't so." Four items believed by Reproductive immunologists are analyzed. (1) In a semiallogeneic (outbred) mating, maternofetal tolerance is required to prevent immune rejection manifesting as infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. (2) Regulation of natural killer (NK) cells at the fetomaternal interface by interaction with fetal trophoblast paternal class I MHC is obligatory for pregnancy success. (3) Failure of angiogenesis triggered by complement activation is a key mechanism in pregnancy pathology. (4) Randomized controlled (double-blind) clinical trials and systematic reviews exemplified by the Cochrane database provide reliable evidence on which to base treatment and promulgate guidelines. Those who heed not the lessons of history are doomed to repeat the same mistakes in the future. History shows that we do this and expect a different outcome.
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Hard science versus phenomenology in Reproductive Immunology.
Critical reviews in immunology, 1999Co-Authors: David A. ClarkAbstract:It has been suggested that studies of immunological aspects of reproduction have recently changed from the phenomenological (e.g., speculative/descriptive) to hard science (e.g., precise molecular description/ explanation). The significance of this development is explored by analysis of the contribution made by hard science that has led to a number of assertions. Does HLA-G determine maternal tolerance of her semi-allogeneic fetus? Do differences in placentation between humans, rodents, and other species make direct comparisons largely meaningless? Does membrane cofactor protein (CD46) contribute to pregnancy success by protecting sperm and fetal trophoblast from complement-mediated lysis? Does a low frequency in mice of maternal T cells specific for paternal alloantigens occur, and if so, does phenomenon explain specific maternal tolerance in pregnancy? Do placental and decidual macrophage components provide an important immediate antigen-nonspecific host defense to infection? Does the mix of bioactive molecules make the uterus an immunologically privileged site, and does the molecular melange have a pivotal role in promoting growth and development of the placenta and embryo? Does prolactin acting on receptors on lymphocytes suppress function and thereby account for remission of autoimmune disease in pregnant women? Is the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion a thorny issue that will be resolved by an ongoing funded national trial? What is a scientifically correct timeline of important discoveries and developments in Reproductive Immunology? It is argued that it is unprofitable to divorce phenomenology from hard science and that the timeline for developments in Reproductive Immunology begin with Darwin. Irrespective of whether one is dealing with phenomena or hard science data, Hippocrates was correct in his aphorism that "description is infinite and easy; explanation is limited and difficult".
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Current Clinical Options for Diagnosis and Treatment of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
American journal of reproductive immunology (New York N.Y. : 1989), 1997Co-Authors: Carolyn B. Coulam, David A. Clark, Alan E. Beer, William H. Kutteh, Robert M. Silver, Joanne Kwak, Mary D. StephensonAbstract:Recurrent spontaneous abortion is a health care concern occurring in 2-5% of couples' attempting to reproduce. The observed frequency of recurrent abortion is higher than that expected by chance (0.3%), which implies an underlying cause(s) contributing to the recurrent Effective treatment is needed for couples experiencing recurrent spontaneous abortion. Before effective treatment can be instituted, the cause of pregnancy loss must be determined. The underlying causes of recurrent spontaneous abortion are not entirely clear. As a result, controversy regarding the appropriate evaluation and treatment of couples experiencing recurrent spontaneous abortion ex'ists. To approach this controversy the American Society for Reproductive Immunology, under the direction of its President, Thomas J Gill, 111, established the committee on Clinical Guidelines Recommendation Committee for Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion in 1995. The members of the Committee were: Carolyn Coulam, Chairman; Alan Beer; William H. Kutteh; David A Clark; Robert Silver; Joanne Kwak; and Mary Stephenson. Each member was asked to submit guidelines for both diagnosis and treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion. The guidelines were collated by the chairman and circulated to the members of the committee for additions and corrections. A final corrected report was recirculated to the committee members, and the committee met at the time of the 16th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Reproductive Immunology on June 23, 1996, in Knoxville, Tennessee, for a consensus conference. The final manuscript emerging from the consensus conference was given to the Council of the American Society for Reproductive Immunology for their consideration. Additions and corrections made by the council were incorporated into the report, and the report was recirculated to the new council and committee members before the Interim Executive Council Meeting on December 7, 1996, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Committee presents options for diagnosis and treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion. The Clinical Options for Diagnosis of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion are based on an evaluation determined by risk factors of recent experimental and empirical research. Risk factors for recurrent spontaneous abortion in
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Controversies in Reproductive Immunology.
Critical reviews in immunology, 1991Co-Authors: David A. ClarkAbstract:Nine areas of current controversy in the field of Immunology of reproduction have been selected for discussion: (1) do antisperm antibodies cause infertility; (2) does cell mediated immunity cause infertility; (3) do antibodies cause spontaneous abortion; (4) is abortion due to rejection of the "fetal allograft"; (5) is altered antigen expression crucial for survival of the "fetal allograft"; (6) is abortion mediated by graft rejection mechanisms; (7) does locoregional suppression prevent abortion; (8) does immunization to prevent abortion and promote pregnancy act via immunotropism and cytokine cross-talk; (9) do immune responses prevent spontaneous abortion in humans? The reasons for debate and uncertainty are reviewed and current data considered in an attempt to arrive at the most likely answer to each question. Directions for future research are proposed where appropriate.
Jacques Martal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TH1/TH2 paradigm in pregnancy: paradigm lost? Cytokines in pregnancy/early abortion: reexamining the TH1/TH2 paradigm.
International archives of allergy and immunology, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Natalie Ledee-bataille, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, Jacques MartalAbstract:In this paper, we briefly survey the history of concepts in Reproductive Immunology from antibody-mediated tolerance to the ‘fetal allograft’ to the current concept of an embryo ‘bathing in a sea of c
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Reproductive Immunology 2003: reassessing the Th1/Th2 paradigm?
Immunology letters, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, N. Ledee-bataille, Jacques MartalAbstract:We briefly review the history of concepts (some of which are still valid) which have lead to the present situation where pregnancy is viewed as being a Th2 phenomenon. We recall some of the early evidence which has been taken as supporting the general validity of this concept in murine and human pregnancy. We then recall some of the recent data dealing with "newer" cytokines and the role of uterine natural killer (NK) cells at the feto-maternal interface which fit neither with a steady-state concept nor with inflammatory cytokines, being solely "bad guys" as the paradigm would predict, nor with the concept of reduction of NK "activity" being required for successful pregnancy. As an example of the newer complexity, we briefly recall some of our recent micro-array studies in mice, and describe briefly our most recent data in human pointing out the importance of the tripod IL-12/IL-18/NK in successful or failed pregnancy in human, perhaps under IL-15 control. We conclude by a repeated warning against the so-called rationales of lymphocyte alloimmunization for therapy of recurrent spontaneous abortion and improvement of implantation rates.
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Reproductive Immunology 2003 reassessing the th1 th2 paradigm
Immunology Letters, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, N Ledeebataille, Jacques MartalAbstract:We briefly review the history of concepts (some of which are still valid) which have lead to the present situation where pregnancy is viewed as being a Th2 phenomenon. We recall some of the early evidence which has been taken as supporting the general validity of this concept in murine and human pregnancy. We then recall some of the recent data dealing with "newer" cytokines and the role of uterine natural killer (NK) cells at the feto-maternal interface which fit neither with a steady-state concept nor with inflammatory cytokines, being solely "bad guys" as the paradigm would predict, nor with the concept of reduction of NK "activity" being required for successful pregnancy. As an example of the newer complexity, we briefly recall some of our recent micro-array studies in mice, and describe briefly our most recent data in human pointing out the importance of the tripod IL-12/IL-18/NK in successful or failed pregnancy in human, perhaps under IL-15 control. We conclude by a repeated warning against the so-called rationales of lymphocyte alloimmunization for therapy of recurrent spontaneous abortion and improvement of implantation rates.
Sandrine Zourbas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TH1/TH2 paradigm in pregnancy: paradigm lost? Cytokines in pregnancy/early abortion: reexamining the TH1/TH2 paradigm.
International archives of allergy and immunology, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Natalie Ledee-bataille, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, Jacques MartalAbstract:In this paper, we briefly survey the history of concepts in Reproductive Immunology from antibody-mediated tolerance to the ‘fetal allograft’ to the current concept of an embryo ‘bathing in a sea of c
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Reproductive Immunology 2003: reassessing the Th1/Th2 paradigm?
Immunology letters, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, N. Ledee-bataille, Jacques MartalAbstract:We briefly review the history of concepts (some of which are still valid) which have lead to the present situation where pregnancy is viewed as being a Th2 phenomenon. We recall some of the early evidence which has been taken as supporting the general validity of this concept in murine and human pregnancy. We then recall some of the recent data dealing with "newer" cytokines and the role of uterine natural killer (NK) cells at the feto-maternal interface which fit neither with a steady-state concept nor with inflammatory cytokines, being solely "bad guys" as the paradigm would predict, nor with the concept of reduction of NK "activity" being required for successful pregnancy. As an example of the newer complexity, we briefly recall some of our recent micro-array studies in mice, and describe briefly our most recent data in human pointing out the importance of the tripod IL-12/IL-18/NK in successful or failed pregnancy in human, perhaps under IL-15 control. We conclude by a repeated warning against the so-called rationales of lymphocyte alloimmunization for therapy of recurrent spontaneous abortion and improvement of implantation rates.
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Reproductive Immunology 2003 reassessing the th1 th2 paradigm
Immunology Letters, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, N Ledeebataille, Jacques MartalAbstract:We briefly review the history of concepts (some of which are still valid) which have lead to the present situation where pregnancy is viewed as being a Th2 phenomenon. We recall some of the early evidence which has been taken as supporting the general validity of this concept in murine and human pregnancy. We then recall some of the recent data dealing with "newer" cytokines and the role of uterine natural killer (NK) cells at the feto-maternal interface which fit neither with a steady-state concept nor with inflammatory cytokines, being solely "bad guys" as the paradigm would predict, nor with the concept of reduction of NK "activity" being required for successful pregnancy. As an example of the newer complexity, we briefly recall some of our recent micro-array studies in mice, and describe briefly our most recent data in human pointing out the importance of the tripod IL-12/IL-18/NK in successful or failed pregnancy in human, perhaps under IL-15 control. We conclude by a repeated warning against the so-called rationales of lymphocyte alloimmunization for therapy of recurrent spontaneous abortion and improvement of implantation rates.
Sylvie Dubanchet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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REVIEW ARTICLE: Tolerance to the Foetal Allograft?
American journal of reproductive immunology (New York N.Y. : 1989), 2010Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Sylvie Dubanchet, Marie Petitbarat, Mona Rahmati, Nathalie LedéeAbstract:Citation Chaouat G, Petitbarat M, Dubanchet S, Rahmati M, Ledee N. Tolerance to the Foetal Allograft? Am J Reprod Immunol 2010 In this review, we will detail the concept of tolerance and its history in Reproductive Immunology. We will then consider whether it applies to the foetal–maternal relationship and discuss the mechanisms involved in non-rejection of the foeto-placental unit.
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TH1/TH2 paradigm in pregnancy: paradigm lost? Cytokines in pregnancy/early abortion: reexamining the TH1/TH2 paradigm.
International archives of allergy and immunology, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Natalie Ledee-bataille, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, Jacques MartalAbstract:In this paper, we briefly survey the history of concepts in Reproductive Immunology from antibody-mediated tolerance to the ‘fetal allograft’ to the current concept of an embryo ‘bathing in a sea of c
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Reproductive Immunology 2003: reassessing the Th1/Th2 paradigm?
Immunology letters, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, N. Ledee-bataille, Jacques MartalAbstract:We briefly review the history of concepts (some of which are still valid) which have lead to the present situation where pregnancy is viewed as being a Th2 phenomenon. We recall some of the early evidence which has been taken as supporting the general validity of this concept in murine and human pregnancy. We then recall some of the recent data dealing with "newer" cytokines and the role of uterine natural killer (NK) cells at the feto-maternal interface which fit neither with a steady-state concept nor with inflammatory cytokines, being solely "bad guys" as the paradigm would predict, nor with the concept of reduction of NK "activity" being required for successful pregnancy. As an example of the newer complexity, we briefly recall some of our recent micro-array studies in mice, and describe briefly our most recent data in human pointing out the importance of the tripod IL-12/IL-18/NK in successful or failed pregnancy in human, perhaps under IL-15 control. We conclude by a repeated warning against the so-called rationales of lymphocyte alloimmunization for therapy of recurrent spontaneous abortion and improvement of implantation rates.
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Reproductive Immunology 2003 reassessing the th1 th2 paradigm
Immunology Letters, 2004Co-Authors: Gérard Chaouat, Sylvie Dubanchet, Sandrine Zourbas, Olivier Sandra, N Ledeebataille, Jacques MartalAbstract:We briefly review the history of concepts (some of which are still valid) which have lead to the present situation where pregnancy is viewed as being a Th2 phenomenon. We recall some of the early evidence which has been taken as supporting the general validity of this concept in murine and human pregnancy. We then recall some of the recent data dealing with "newer" cytokines and the role of uterine natural killer (NK) cells at the feto-maternal interface which fit neither with a steady-state concept nor with inflammatory cytokines, being solely "bad guys" as the paradigm would predict, nor with the concept of reduction of NK "activity" being required for successful pregnancy. As an example of the newer complexity, we briefly recall some of our recent micro-array studies in mice, and describe briefly our most recent data in human pointing out the importance of the tripod IL-12/IL-18/NK in successful or failed pregnancy in human, perhaps under IL-15 control. We conclude by a repeated warning against the so-called rationales of lymphocyte alloimmunization for therapy of recurrent spontaneous abortion and improvement of implantation rates.