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Daniel R. Matute - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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p elements strengthen Reproductive Isolation within the drosophila simulans species complex
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Antonio Serratocapuchina, Emmanuel R R Dagostino, David Peede, Baylee Roy, Kristin Isbell, Jeremy Wang, Daniel R. MatuteAbstract:ABSTRACT Determining mechanisms that underlie Reproductive Isolation is key to understanding how species boundaries are maintained in nature. Transposable elements (TEs) are ubiquitous across eukaryotic genomes. However, the role of TEs in modulating the strength of Reproductive Isolation between species is poorly understood. Several species of Drosophila have been found to harbor P-elements (PEs), yet only D. simulans is known to be polymorphic for their presence in wild populations. PEs can cause Reproductive Isolation between PE-containing (P) and PE-lacking (M) lineages of the same species. However, it is unclear whether they also contribute to the magnitude of Reproductive Isolation between species. Here, we use the simulans species complex to assess whether differences in PE status between D. simulans and its sister species, which do not harbor PEs, contribute to multiple barriers to gene flow between species. We show that crosses involving a P D. simulans father and an M mother from a sister species exhibit lower F1 female fecundity than crosses involving an M D. simulans father and an M sister-species mother. Our results suggest that the presence of PEs in a species can strengthen Isolation from its sister species, providing evidence that transposable elements can play a role in Reproductive Isolation and facilitate the process of speciation. IMPACT SUMMARY Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive genetic units found across the tree of life. They play a fundamental role on the evolution of each species’ genome. TEs have been implicated in diversification, extinction, and the origin of novelty. However, their potential role in contributing to the maintenance of species boundaries remains largely understudied. Using whole genome sequences, we compared the relative content of TEs across the three species of the Drosophila simulans complex. We find that the presence of one TE, P-element, in D. simulans, and its absence in the sister taxa, differentiates the three species. P-elements (PEs) cause a suite of fitness defects in Drosophila pure-species individuals if their father has PEs but their mother does not, a phenomenon known as hybrid dysgenesis (HD). We thus studied the possibility that PEs enhance Isolation between recently-diverged species. In particular, we studied whether the progeny from interspecific crosses were more prone to suffer from HD than pure species. We found that the presence of paternal PEs reduces hybrid female fecundity, mirroring observations of HD described within species. The effect of PEs is stronger in the interspecific hybrids than in pure species. Our results suggest that PEs can strengthen Reproductive Isolation in well-formed sister species that still hybridize in nature and pose the question of whether other TEs are involved in the formation of species or in their persistence over time.
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The Rate Of Evolution Of Postmating-Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation In Drosophila
2017Co-Authors: David A. Turissini, Joseph A. Mcgirr, Sonali S. Patel, Jean R. David, Daniel R. MatuteAbstract:Reproductive Isolation (RI) is an intrinsic aspect of species, as described in the Biological Species Concept. For that reason, the identification of the precise traits and mechanisms of RI, and the rates at which they evolve, is crucial to understanding how species originate and persist. Nonetheless, precise measurements of the magnitude of Reproductive Isolation are rare. Previous work has measured the rates of evolution of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers to gene flow, yet no systematic analysis has carried out the study of the rates of evolution of postmating-prezygotic (PMPZ) barriers. We systematically measured the magnitude of two barriers to gene flow that act after mating occurs but before zygotic fertilization and also measured a premating (female mating rate in nonchoice experiments) and two postzygotic barriers (hybrid inviability and hybrid sterility) for all pairwise crosses of species within the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup. Our results indicate that PMPZ Isolation evolves faster than hybrid inviability but slower than premating Isolation. We also describe seven new interspecific hybrids in the group. Our findings open up a large repertoire of tools that will enable researchers to manipulate hybrids and explore the genetic basis of interspecific differentiation, Reproductive Isolation, and speciation.
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The role of founder effects on the evolution of Reproductive Isolation.
Journal of evolutionary biology, 2013Co-Authors: Daniel R. MatuteAbstract:Several theories argue that large changes in allele frequencies through genetic drift after a small founding population becomes allopatrically isolated can lead to significant changes in Reproductive Isolation and thus trigger the origin of new species. For this reason, founder speciation has been proposed as a potent force in the generation of new species. Nonetheless, the relative importance of such ‘founder effects’ remains largely untested. In this report, I used experimental evolution to create one thousand replicates that underwent an extreme bottleneck and to study whether founder effects can lead to an increase in Reproductive Isolation in Drosophila yakuba. Even though the most common outcome of inbreeding is extinction, founder effects can lead to increased premating Reproductive Isolation in a very small proportion of cases. Changes in Reproductive Isolation after a founding population bottleneck are similar to changes in other phenotypic traits, in which inbreeding might displace the mean phenotypic value and substantially increase the phenotypic variance. This increase in phenotypic variance does not confer an increase in the response to selection for Reproductive Isolation in artificial selection experiments, indicating that the increased phenotypic variance is not caused by increases in additive genetic variance. These results also demonstrate that, similar to morphological and life-history traits, behavioural traits can be affected by inbreeding and genetic drift.
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Macroevolutionary speciation rates are decoupled from the evolution of intrinsic Reproductive Isolation in Drosophila and birds
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013Co-Authors: Daniel L. Rabosky, Daniel R. MatuteAbstract:The rate at which speciation occurs varies greatly among different kinds of organisms and is frequently assumed to result from species- or clade-specific factors that influence the rate at which populations acquire Reproductive Isolation. This premise leads to a fundamental prediction that has never been tested: Organisms that quickly evolve prezygotic or postzygotic Reproductive Isolation should have faster rates of speciation than organisms that slowly acquire Reproductive Isolation. We combined phylogenetic estimates of speciation rates from Drosophila and birds with a method for analyzing interspecific hybridization data to test whether the rate at which individual lineages evolve Reproductive Isolation predicts their macroevolutionary rate of species formation. We find that some lineages evolve Reproductive Isolation much more quickly than others, but this variation is decoupled from rates of speciation as measured on phylogenetic trees. For the clades examined here, Reproductive Isolation—especially intrinsic, postzygotic Isolation—does not seem to be the rate-limiting control on macroevolutionary diversification dynamics. These results suggest that factors associated with intrinsic Reproductive Isolation may have less to do with the tremendous variation in species diversity across the evolutionary tree of life than is generally assumed.
Duncan Greig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reproductive Isolation in Saccharomyces
Heredity, 2009Co-Authors: Duncan GreigAbstract:Although speciation is one of the most interesting processes in evolution, the underlying causes of Reproductive Isolation are only partially understood in a few species. This review summarizes the results of many experiments on the Reproductive Isolation between yeast species of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto group. Hybrids between these species form quite readily in the laboratory, but, if given a choice of species to mate with, some are able to avoid hybridization. F1 hybrids are viable but sterile: the gametes they produce are inviable. For one pair of species, hybrid sterility is probably caused by chromosomal rearrangements, but for all the other species, the major cause of hybrid sterility is antirecombination—the inability of diverged chromosomes to form crossovers during F1 hybrid meiosis. Surprisingly, incompatibility between the genes expressed from different species' genomes is not a major cause of F1 hybrid sterility, although it may contribute to Reproductive Isolation at other stages of the yeast life cycle.
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Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Duncan GreigAbstract:Background: Matings between different Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeast species produce sexually sterile hybrids, so individuals should avoid mating with other species. Any mechanism that reduces the frequency of interspecific matings will confer a selective advantage. Here we test the ability of two closely-related Saccharomyces sensu stricto species to select their own species as mates and avoid hybridisation.Results: We set up mate choice tests, using five independently isolated pairs of species, in which individual germinating spores were presented with the opportunity to mate either with a germinating spore of their own species or with a germinating spore of the other species. For all five strain pairs, whether a S. cerevisiae or S. paradoxus occupies the role of "chooser" strain, the level of hybridisation that is observed between the two species is significantly lower than would be expected if mates were selected at random. We also show that, overall, S. cerevisiae exhibited a stronger own-species preference than S. paradoxus.Conclusion: Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation is well known in higher organisms but has been largely overlooked in yeast, an important model microbe. Here we present the first report of prezygotic Reproductive Isolation in Saccharomyces. Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation may be important in yeast speciation or yeast species cohesion, and may have evolved to prevent wasted matings between different species. Whilst yeast has long been used as a genetic model system, little is known about yeast in the wild. Our work sheds light on an interesting aspect of yeast natural behaviour: their ability to avoid costly interspecific matings.
Daniel L. Rabosky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Beyond Reproductive Isolation: Demographic Controls on the Speciation Process
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 2019Co-Authors: Michael G. Harvey, Sonal Singhal, Daniel L. RaboskyAbstract:Studies of speciation typically investigate the evolution of Reproductive Isolation between populations, but several other processes can serve as key steps limiting the formation of species. In par...
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Reproductive Isolation and the causes of speciation rate variation in nature
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015Co-Authors: Daniel L. RaboskyAbstract:Rates of species formation vary widely across the tree of life and contribute to many of the most striking large-scale patterns in biological diversity. For the past few decades, most research on speciation has focused on the evolution of barriers to gene flow between populations. The present review discusses the relationship between these barriers, collectively known as ‘Reproductive Isolation’, and the rate at which speciation occurs. Although Reproductive Isolation plays a key role in the maintenance of biological diversity, there is little evidence to suggest that any forms of Reproductive Isolation serve as rate-limiting controls on speciation rates as measured over macroevolutionary timescales. Identifying rate-limiting steps of the speciation process is critical for understanding why we observe the numbers of species that we do and also for explaining why some groups of organisms have more species than others. More generally, if Reproductive Isolation is not the rate-limiting control on speciation rates, then factors other than Reproductive Isolation must be involved in speciation and our definition of speciation should be expanded to incorporate these additional processes.
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Macroevolutionary speciation rates are decoupled from the evolution of intrinsic Reproductive Isolation in Drosophila and birds
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013Co-Authors: Daniel L. Rabosky, Daniel R. MatuteAbstract:The rate at which speciation occurs varies greatly among different kinds of organisms and is frequently assumed to result from species- or clade-specific factors that influence the rate at which populations acquire Reproductive Isolation. This premise leads to a fundamental prediction that has never been tested: Organisms that quickly evolve prezygotic or postzygotic Reproductive Isolation should have faster rates of speciation than organisms that slowly acquire Reproductive Isolation. We combined phylogenetic estimates of speciation rates from Drosophila and birds with a method for analyzing interspecific hybridization data to test whether the rate at which individual lineages evolve Reproductive Isolation predicts their macroevolutionary rate of species formation. We find that some lineages evolve Reproductive Isolation much more quickly than others, but this variation is decoupled from rates of speciation as measured on phylogenetic trees. For the clades examined here, Reproductive Isolation—especially intrinsic, postzygotic Isolation—does not seem to be the rate-limiting control on macroevolutionary diversification dynamics. These results suggest that factors associated with intrinsic Reproductive Isolation may have less to do with the tremendous variation in species diversity across the evolutionary tree of life than is generally assumed.
Edward J. Louis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolutionary genetics: Origins of Reproductive Isolation.
Nature, 2009Co-Authors: Edward J. LouisAbstract:A rare example of gene incompatibility between two species of budding yeast has been found. This discovery of elusive 'speciation' genes adds to other Reproductive-Isolation mechanisms operating in yeasts.
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Sequence Diversity, Reproductive Isolation and Species Concepts in Saccharomyces
Genetics, 2006Co-Authors: Gianni Liti, David B. H. Barton, Edward J. LouisAbstract:Using the biological species definition, yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces sensu stricto comprise six species and one natural hybrid. Previous work has shown that Reproductive Isolation between the species is due primarily to sequence divergence acted upon by the mismatch repair system and not due to major gene differences or chromosomal rearrangements. Sequence divergence through mismatch repair has also been shown to cause partial Reproductive Isolation among populations within a species. We have surveyed sequence variation in populations of Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeasts and measured meiotic sterility in hybrids. This allows us to determine the divergence necessary to produce the Reproductive Isolation seen among species. Rather than a sharp transition from fertility to sterility, which may have been expected, we find a smooth monotonic relationship between diversity and Reproductive Isolation, even as far as the well-accepted designations of S. paradoxus and S. cerevisiae as distinct species. Furthermore, we show that one species of Saccharomyces—S. cariocanus—differs from a population of S. paradoxus by four translocations, but not by sequence. There is molecular evidence of recent introgression from S. cerevisiae into the European population of S. paradoxus, supporting the idea that in nature the boundary between these species is fuzzy.
Joseph Schacherer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Negative epistasis: a route to intraspecific Reproductive Isolation in yeast?
Current Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Jing Hou, Joseph SchachererAbstract:Exploring the molecular bases of intraspecific Reproductive Isolation captures the ongoing phenotypic consequences of genetic divergence and provides insights into the early onset of speciation. Recent species-wide surveys using natural populations of yeasts demonstrated that intrinsic post-zygotic Reproductive Isolation segregates readily within the same species, and revealed the multiplicity of the genetic mechanisms underlying such processes. These advances deepened our current understandings and opened further perspectives regarding the complete picture of molecular and evolutionary origins driving the onset of intraspecific Reproductive Isolation in yeasts.
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Chromosomal rearrangements as a major mechanism in the onset of Reproductive Isolation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Current biology : CB, 2014Co-Authors: Jing Hou, Anne Friedrich, Jacky De Montigny, Joseph SchachererAbstract:Summary Understanding the molecular basis of how Reproductive Isolation evolves between individuals from the same species offers valuable insight into patterns of genetic differentiation as well as the onset of speciation [1, 2]. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae constitutes an ideal model partly due to its vast ecological range, high level of genetic diversity [3–6], and laboratory-amendable sexual reproduction. Between S. cerevisiae and its sibling species in the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex, Reproductive Isolation acts postzygotically and could be attributed to chromosomal rearrangements [7], cytonuclear incompatibility [8, 9], and antirecombination [10, 11], although the implication of these mechanisms at the incipient stage of speciation remains unclear due to further divergence in the nascent species. Recently, several studies assessed the onset of intraspecific Reproductive Isolation in S. cerevisiae by evaluating the effect of the mismatch repair system [12–14] or by fostering incipient speciation using the same initial genetic background [15–18]. Nevertheless, the overall genetic diversity within this species was largely overlooked, and no systematic evaluation has been performed. Here, we carried out the first species-wide survey for postzygotic Reproductive Isolation in S. cerevisiae . We crossed 60 natural isolates sampled from diverse niches with the reference strain S288c and identified 16 cases of Reproductive Isolation with reduced offspring viabilities ranging from 44% to 86%. Using different mapping strategies, we identified reciprocal translocations in a large fraction of all isolates surveyed, indicating that large-scale chromosomal rearrangements might play a major role in the onset of Reproductive Isolation in this species.
