The Experts below are selected from a list of 246372 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nestor Herran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
spreading nucleonics the isotope school at the atomic energy Research Establishment 1951 67
The British Journal for the History of Science, 2006Co-Authors: Nestor HerranAbstract:The Isotope School was established in 1951 by the British Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) at Harwell following the model of the American Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies. Until its dissolution in 1967, it played an important role in the expansion of radioisotope techniques in Britain and Western Europe. This paper traces the origin and activities of the Isotope School, and describes the content of its courses and the composition of its audiences both in Britain and abroad. These illustrate the motivations behind the early diffusion of nuclear technology and the importance of Cold War politics in shaping the flows of materials and expertise. In particular, the ban on attendance of Eastern European students at the courses reveals a persistent tension inside the British nuclear programme: the conflict between the drive for disseminating nucleonics and the restrictions forced by national security concerns. In 1953 Henry Seligman, head of the Isotope Division of the British Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), delivered a Friday Evening Discourse at the Royal Institution. After an overwhelming enumeration of radioisotope applications, he closed with a eulogy of the emergent field: In the early post-war days, people were apt to speak of isotopes as 'by-products' of atomic piles. This picture has changed now. Radioisotopes have helped industry in solving many problems, they have widened the field of Research in many sciences and have helped the medical man to treat disease and, in some cases, to save life. They have become an important part of the atomic energy development, and I am convinced that we are only at the beginning of the development of 'isotopics '. Seligman's new word did not stick, but the fact that he considered it worth coining is symptomatic of scientists' enthusiasm about radioisotopes in the 1950s. Throughout this decade a myriad of radioisotopes produced in nuclear reactors were applied in t A previous version of this paper was a runner-up for the 2004 Singer Prize of the British Society for the History of Science. * Centre d'Estudis d'Hist6ria de les Ciencies (CEHIC), Universitat Aut6noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain. Email: Nestor.Herran@uab.es. I would like to thank Jeff Hughes and Xavier Roque for advice and criticism. This paper was a result of Research project BHA2000-0434, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. 1 Henry Seligman, 'Production and uses of radioisotopes', Friday Evening Discourse at the Royal Institution, Nature (1953), 4353, 588-90. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.145 on Sat, 02 Jul 2016 04:19:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
-
Spreading nucleonics: the Isotope School at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, 1951–67
The British Journal for the History of Science, 2006Co-Authors: Nestor HerranAbstract:The Isotope School was established in 1951 by the British Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) at Harwell following the model of the American Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies. Until its dissolution in 1967, it played an important role in the expansion of radioisotope techniques in Britain and Western Europe. This paper traces the origin and activities of the Isotope School, and describes the content of its courses and the composition of its audiences both in Britain and abroad. These illustrate the motivations behind the early diffusion of nuclear technology and the importance of Cold War politics in shaping the flows of materials and expertise. In particular, the ban on attendance of Eastern European students at the courses reveals a persistent tension inside the British nuclear programme: the conflict between the drive for disseminating nucleonics and the restrictions forced by national security concerns. In 1953 Henry Seligman, head of the Isotope Division of the British Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), delivered a Friday Evening Discourse at the Royal Institution. After an overwhelming enumeration of radioisotope applications, he closed with a eulogy of the emergent field: In the early post-war days, people were apt to speak of isotopes as 'by-products' of atomic piles. This picture has changed now. Radioisotopes have helped industry in solving many problems, they have widened the field of Research in many sciences and have helped the medical man to treat disease and, in some cases, to save life. They have become an important part of the atomic energy development, and I am convinced that we are only at the beginning of the development of 'isotopics '. Seligman's new word did not stick, but the fact that he considered it worth coining is symptomatic of scientists' enthusiasm about radioisotopes in the 1950s. Throughout this decade a myriad of radioisotopes produced in nuclear reactors were applied in t A previous version of this paper was a runner-up for the 2004 Singer Prize of the British Society for the History of Science. * Centre d'Estudis d'Hist6ria de les Ciencies (CEHIC), Universitat Aut6noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain. Email: Nestor.Herran@uab.es. I would like to thank Jeff Hughes and Xavier Roque for advice and criticism. This paper was a result of Research project BHA2000-0434, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. 1 Henry Seligman, 'Production and uses of radioisotopes', Friday Evening Discourse at the Royal Institution, Nature (1953), 4353, 588-90. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.145 on Sat, 02 Jul 2016 04:19:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Md Quamrul Huda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
steady state thermal hydraulic analysis of triga Research reactor
World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Mohammad Mizanur Rahman, Mohammad Abdur R Akond, Mohammad Khairul Basher, Md Quamrul HudaAbstract:The COOLOD-N2 and PARET computer codes were used for a steady-state thermal hydraulic and safety analysis of the 3 MW TRIGA Mark-II Research reactor located at Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The objective of the present study is to ensure that all important safety related thermal hydraulic parameters uphold margins far below the safety limits by steady-state calculations at full power. We, therefore, have calculated the hot channel fuel centreline temperature, fuel surface temperature, cladding surface temperature, the departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) heat flux and DNB ratio, axial fuel centreline temperature and compared. The comparison indicates that the calculated values are in satisfactory agreement between the codes. The data obtained in this investigation are largely far to compromise safety of the reactor. The results can also be used to upgrade the current core configuration of the TRIGA reactor.
Wassim Aboukheir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
abstract b090 personalized Research Establishment and characterization of prostate cancer patient derived organoids and cells
Cancer Research, 2018Co-Authors: Katia Cheaito, Ola Hadadeh, Hisham F Bahmad, Marwan Elsabban, Albert Elhajj, Deborah Mukherji, Wassim AboukheirAbstract:Several attempts have been made to understand the exact mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PC); however, the currently available cancer models fail to recapitulate the heterogeneity of this tumor, its metastasis, and progression to castration-resistant states. Moreover, many drug candidates that succeed in preclinical models fail to deliver a good outcome in clinical trials, resulting in ineffective patient treatment and misused resources. In this aspect, the development of three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture systems has rendered it feasible to recap the convolution of organogenesis in vitro, promoting the generation of novel and more representative cancer models. Thus, the aim of this study is to generate patient-specific 3D organoids and cell lines, then characterize these models to identify potential prognostic biomarkers and treatments for PC while correlating the outcome with the collected clinical parameters. In our study, we are employing the R-spondin-1-based organoids technology to generate PC organoids and primary cell lines derived from fresh normal and tumor tissues of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Consequently, molecular characterization of the different patient-derived PC organoids and cell lines will be performed, followed by using this model to assess different classical and in-clinical trials drugs. We succeeded in establishing 21 normal and 18 tumor patient-derived organoids, out of a total of 23 patients, and then propagated the established organoids for up to 6 generations. Interestingly, 2D cells were derived from these organoids using the same culture media and were continuously passaged for up to 20 passages so far (more than 3 months). Our newly patient-derived organoids and cells show a typical epithelial phenotype and express CK8 and CK14 (prostate epithelial markers). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to address the Establishment of primary PC cell lines from organoids, which will likely lead to a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms exploited in PC. Moreover, molecular characterization of this model when combined with pharmacologic profiles can aid in predicting a patient’s drug response; thus, our study represents an attempt to inaugurate what can possibly lead to personalized treatment of PC. Citation Format: Katia Anis Cheaito, Ola Hadadeh, Hisham Bahmad, Marwan El-Sabban, Albert El-Hajj, Deborah Mukherji, Wassim Abou-Kheir. Personalized Research: Establishment and characterization of prostate cancer patient-derived organoids and cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr B090.
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
steady state thermal hydraulic analysis of triga Research reactor
World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Mohammad Mizanur Rahman, Mohammad Abdur R Akond, Mohammad Khairul Basher, Md Quamrul HudaAbstract:The COOLOD-N2 and PARET computer codes were used for a steady-state thermal hydraulic and safety analysis of the 3 MW TRIGA Mark-II Research reactor located at Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The objective of the present study is to ensure that all important safety related thermal hydraulic parameters uphold margins far below the safety limits by steady-state calculations at full power. We, therefore, have calculated the hot channel fuel centreline temperature, fuel surface temperature, cladding surface temperature, the departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) heat flux and DNB ratio, axial fuel centreline temperature and compared. The comparison indicates that the calculated values are in satisfactory agreement between the codes. The data obtained in this investigation are largely far to compromise safety of the reactor. The results can also be used to upgrade the current core configuration of the TRIGA reactor.
Miklas Scholz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
case study design operation maintenance and water quality management of sustainable storm water ponds for roof runoff
Bioresource Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Miklas ScholzAbstract:The purpose of this case study was to optimise design, operation and maintenance guidelines, and to assess the water treatment potential of a storm water pond system after 15 months of operation. The system was based on a combined silt trap, attenuation pond and vegetated infiltration basin. This combination was used as the basis for construction of a roof water runoff system from a single domestic property. United Kingdom Building Research Establishment and Construction Industry Research and Information Association, and German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste design guidelines were tested. These design guidelines failed because they did not consider local conditions. The infiltration function for the infiltration basin was logarithmic. Algal control techniques were successfully applied, and treatment of rainwater runoff from roofs was found to be largely unnecessary for recycling (e.g., watering plants). However, seasonal and diurnal variations of biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and pH were recorded.
