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Teresa J Eyre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • testing landscape metrics as indicators of habitat loss and fragmentation in continuous eucalypt forests queensland australia
    Landscape Ecology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Clive Mcalpine, Teresa J Eyre
    Abstract:

    Landscape metrics are widely applied in landscape ecology to quantify landscape structure. However, many are poorly tested and require rigorous validation if they are to serve as reliable indicators of habitat loss and frag-mentation, such as Montreal Process Indicator 1.1e. We apply a landscape ecology theory, supported by explor-atory and confirmatory statistical techniques, to empirically test landscape metrics for reporting Montreal Process Indicator 1.1e in continuous dry eucalypt forests of sub-tropical Queensland, Australia. Target biota examined included: the Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis); the diversity of nectar and sap feeding glider species including P. australis, the Sugar Glider P. breviceps, the Squirrel Glider P. norfolcensis, and the Feathertail GliderAcrobates pygmaeus; six diurnal forest birds species; total diurnal bird species diversity; and the density of nec-tar-feeding diurnal bird species. Two scales of influence were considered: the stand-scale (2 ha), and a series of radial landscape extents (500 m –2 km;78–1250 ha) surrounding each fauna transect. For all biota, stand-scale structural and compositional attributes were found to be more influential than landscape metrics. For the Yellow-belliedGlider, the proportion of trace habitats with a Residual Element of old spotted-gum/ironbark eucalypt trees was a significant landscape metric at the 2 km landscape extent. This is a measure of habitat loss rather than habitat fragmentation. For the diversity of nectar and sap feeding glider species, the proportion of trace habitats with a high coefficient of variation in patch size at the 750 m extent was a significant landscape metric. None of the landscape metrics tested was important for diurnal forest birds. We conclude that no single landscape metricadequately captures the response of the region’s forest biota per se. This poses a major challenge to regional reporting of Montreal Process Indicator 1.1e, fragmentation of forest types.

Giselle Barata Costa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of hydrogenation on the microstructure and saturation magnetization of AISI 4340 (AMS 6415S and 6414K)
    2017
    Co-Authors: Giselle Barata Costa
    Abstract:

    Resumo: O hidrogênio é reconhecido como sendo um Elemento Residual sempre prejudicial ao aço. Proveniente de reações químicas e eletroquímicas, tais como, corrosão, proteção catódica e reações de processo, é absorvido pelo aço e retido nos defeitos da rede cristalina podendo causar a fragilização do aço e a propagação de trincas e fraturas. O presente trabalho visa analisar a influência do hidrogênio na estrutura cristalina e no comportamento magnético do aço AISI 4340 obtido pelas normas AMS 6414K e 6415S, nas condições como recebido, temperado e revenido. Para tanto corpos-de-prova foram retirados da posição transversal dos lingotes, temperados a 845°C e revenidos a três diferentes temperaturas (350°C, 400°C e 500°C). Para a caracterização do material foram feitas micrografias, ensaios de dureza, difração de raios-X, voltametria cíclica e análise de difusão. As propriedades magnéticas foram obtidas utilizando-se um magnetômetro de amostra vibrante (VSM) onde a magnetização de saturação foi obtida e foram analisadas amostras antes da hidrogenação e após hidrogenação. O carregamento de hidrogênio foi feito em solução de H2SO4 a 0,05 M em temperatura ambiente. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de voltametria cíclica e difusão foram correlacionados às difrações de raios-x e magnetização de saturação em função da contaminação por hidrogênio e as diferentes condições de tratamento térmico. A comparação das curvas antes e após hidrogenação para as difrações de raios-X mostraram que a hidrogenação provoca uma diminuição das curvas em todas as condições de tratamento térmico para os dois tipos de aço. As curvas de difusão mostraram que os coeficientes de difusão da amostra como recebida é menor que as tratadas com revenimento para o aço AISI 4340 AMS 6415S e maior para o aço AISI6414K. A magnetização de saturação mostrou que os aços AISI 6414K e 6415S antes da hidrogenação apresentaram magnetização de saturação maior que após hidrogenação.Abstract: Hydrogen is recognized as a Residual Element always harmful to steel. From chemical and electrochemical reactions, such as corrosion, cathodic protection and reaction process, the steel is absorbed and retained in the crystal lattice defects may cause embrittlement of steel and propagation of cracks and fractures. This study aims to analyze the influence of hydrogen in the crystal structure and magnetic behavior of AISI 4340 obtained by the rules AMS 6414K 6415S and the conditions as received, quenched and tempered. For this purpose the test piece bodies were removed from the transverse position of the ingots, quenched to 845 ° C and tempered at three different temperatures (350 ° C, 400 ° C and 500 ° C). For the characterization of the micrographs were taken, hardness tests, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry analysis and dissemination. The magnetic properties were obtained using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), where the saturation magnetization was obtained and analyzed samples before hydrogenation and after hydrogenation. The hydrogen loading was done in a solution of 0.05M H2SO4 at room temperature. The results obtained in the test and cyclic voltammetry were correlated to diffusion x-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization due to hydrogen contamination and different heat treatment conditions. A comparison of the curves before and after hydrogenation for X-ray diffraction showed that the hydrogenation causes a decrease of the curves in all heat treatment conditions for both types of steel. The curves show that the diffusion coefficient of diffusion of the sample as received is lower than those treated with tempering for the steel AISI 6415S AMS 4340 steel and higher for AISI6414K. The saturation magnetization showed that AISI 6415S 6414K and exhibited before the hydrogenation higher than saturation magnetization after hydrogenation

Giselle Barata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of hydrogenation on the microstructure and saturation magnetization of AISI 4340 (AMS 6415S and 6414K)
    [s.n.], 2019
    Co-Authors: Giselle Barata
    Abstract:

    Orientador: Célia Marina de Alvarenga FreireTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecânicaResumo: O hidrogênio é reconhecido como sendo um Elemento Residual sempre prejudicial ao aço. Proveniente de reações químicas e eletroquímicas, tais como, corrosão, proteção catódica e reações de processo, é absorvido pelo aço e retido nos defeitos da rede cristalina podendo causar a fragilização do aço e a propagação de trincas e fraturas. O presente trabalho visa analisar a influência do hidrogênio na estrutura cristalina e no comportamento magnético do aço AISI 4340 obtido pelas normas AMS 6414K e 6415S, nas condições como recebido, temperado e revenido. Para tanto corpos-de-prova foram retirados da posição transversal dos lingotes, temperados a 845°C e revenidos a três diferentes temperaturas (350°C, 400°C e 500°C). Para a caracterização do material foram feitas micrografias, ensaios de dureza, difração de raios-X, voltametria cíclica e análise de difusão. As propriedades magnéticas foram obtidas utilizando-se um magnetômetro de amostra vibrante (VSM) onde a magnetização de saturação foi obtida e foram analisadas amostras antes da hidrogenação e após hidrogenação. O carregamento de hidrogênio foi feito em solução de H2SO4 a 0,05 M em temperatura ambiente. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de voltametria cíclica e difusão foram correlacionados às difrações de raios-x e magnetização de saturação em função da contaminação por hidrogênio e as diferentes condições de tratamento térmico. A comparação das curvas antes e após hidrogenação para as difrações de raios-X mostraram que a hidrogenação provoca uma diminuição das curvas em todas as condições de tratamento térmico para os dois tipos de aço. As curvas de difusão mostraram que os coeficientes de difusão da amostra como recebida é menor que as tratadas com revenimento para o aço AISI 4340 AMS 6415S e maior para o aço AISI6414K. A magnetização de saturação mostrou que os aços AISI 6414K e 6415S antes da hidrogenação apresentaram magnetização de saturação maior que após hidrogenaçãoAbstract: Hydrogen is recognized as a Residual Element always harmful to steel. From chemical and electrochemical reactions, such as corrosion, cathodic protection and reaction process, the steel is absorbed and retained in the crystal lattice defects may cause embrittlement of steel and propagation of cracks and fractures. This study aims to analyze the influence of hydrogen in the crystal structure and magnetic behavior of AISI 4340 obtained by the rules AMS 6414K 6415S and the conditions as received, quenched and tempered. For this purpose the test piece bodies were removed from the transverse position of the ingots, quenched to 845 ° C and tempered at three different temperatures (350 ° C, 400 ° C and 500 ° C). For the characterization of the micrographs were taken, hardness tests, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry analysis and dissemination. The magnetic properties were obtained using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), where the saturation magnetization was obtained and analyzed samples before hydrogenation and after hydrogenation. The hydrogen loading was done in a solution of 0.05M H2SO4 at room temperature. The results obtained in the test and cyclic voltammetry were correlated to diffusion x-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization due to hydrogen contamination and different heat treatment conditions. A comparison of the curves before and after hydrogenation for X-ray diffraction showed that the hydrogenation causes a decrease of the curves in all heat treatment conditions for both types of steel. The curves show that the diffusion coefficient of diffusion of the sample as received is lower than those treated with tempering for the steel AISI 6415S AMS 4340 steel and higher for AISI6414K. The saturation magnetization showed that AISI 6415S 6414K and exhibited before the hydrogenation higher than saturation magnetization after hydrogenationDoutoradoMateriais e Processos de FabricaçãoDoutora em Engenharia Mecânic

Clive Mcalpine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • testing landscape metrics as indicators of habitat loss and fragmentation in continuous eucalypt forests queensland australia
    Landscape Ecology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Clive Mcalpine, Teresa J Eyre
    Abstract:

    Landscape metrics are widely applied in landscape ecology to quantify landscape structure. However, many are poorly tested and require rigorous validation if they are to serve as reliable indicators of habitat loss and frag-mentation, such as Montreal Process Indicator 1.1e. We apply a landscape ecology theory, supported by explor-atory and confirmatory statistical techniques, to empirically test landscape metrics for reporting Montreal Process Indicator 1.1e in continuous dry eucalypt forests of sub-tropical Queensland, Australia. Target biota examined included: the Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis); the diversity of nectar and sap feeding glider species including P. australis, the Sugar Glider P. breviceps, the Squirrel Glider P. norfolcensis, and the Feathertail GliderAcrobates pygmaeus; six diurnal forest birds species; total diurnal bird species diversity; and the density of nec-tar-feeding diurnal bird species. Two scales of influence were considered: the stand-scale (2 ha), and a series of radial landscape extents (500 m –2 km;78–1250 ha) surrounding each fauna transect. For all biota, stand-scale structural and compositional attributes were found to be more influential than landscape metrics. For the Yellow-belliedGlider, the proportion of trace habitats with a Residual Element of old spotted-gum/ironbark eucalypt trees was a significant landscape metric at the 2 km landscape extent. This is a measure of habitat loss rather than habitat fragmentation. For the diversity of nectar and sap feeding glider species, the proportion of trace habitats with a high coefficient of variation in patch size at the 750 m extent was a significant landscape metric. None of the landscape metrics tested was important for diurnal forest birds. We conclude that no single landscape metricadequately captures the response of the region’s forest biota per se. This poses a major challenge to regional reporting of Montreal Process Indicator 1.1e, fragmentation of forest types.

Li Zushu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Modelling the cumulative effect of scrap usage within a circular UK steel industry - Residual Element aggregation
    'Informa UK Limited', 2020
    Co-Authors: Spoone Stephe, Davis Claire, Li Zushu
    Abstract:

    To move away from the ‘take-make-dispose’ economy there is a drive to reuse and recycle materials. For the steel industry this means using more steel scrap. This has a consequence on the quality of the steel produced due to the presence of undesirable Residuals from steel scrap. In this work, the effect of the UK steel industry utilising national scrap stocks to meet the UK demand for steel is explored through an iterative production model. Scrap qualities and volumes were obtained from compiled literature data to generate a reliable feed stock of material. The scrap feed is considered in the BF-BOF and EAF production routes to model the enrichment of Residuals through cycles of the materials use. It was found that with current process and product specification the UK could sustainably migrate towards a 50/50 production split between BF-BOF/EAF. This shift would reduce the UK’s steel industry emissions by ~20%