The Experts below are selected from a list of 22164 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John Sweller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cognitive Load Theory, Resource Depletion and the Delayed Testing Effect
Educational Psychology Review, 2019Co-Authors: Wayne Leahy, John SwellerAbstract:The testing effect occurs when students, given information to learn and then practice during a test, perform better on a subsequent content post-test than students who restudy the information as a substitute for the practice test. The effect is often weaker or reversed if immediate rather than delayed post-tests are used. The weakening may be due to differential working memory Resource Depletion on immediate post-tests with Resource recovery due to rest following a delayed post-test. In three experiments, we compared an immediate post-test with a 1-week delayed post-test. Experiment 1 required the students to construct a puzzle poem and found working memory Resource Depletion occurred immediately after learning compared to a delay. Experiment 2 using text-based material tapping lower element interactivity information and experiment 3, again using a puzzle poem, compared study-only with the study and test groups. A disordinal interaction was obtained in both experiments with the study-only groups superior to the study–test groups on immediate content post-tests and reverse results on delayed tests. Working memory capacity tests indicated a non-significant increase in capacity after a delay compared to immediately after learning with medium size effects, but in experiment 2, there were no working memory differences between the study-only and the study and test groups. Experiment 3 increased element interactivity and found an increased memory capacity for the study-only group compared to the study and test group with the immediate test contributing more of the difference than the delayed test. It was concluded that increased working memory Depletion immediately following learning with a test contributes to the failure to obtain a testing effect using immediate tests.
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extending cognitive load theory to incorporate working memory Resource Depletion evidence from the spacing effect
Educational Psychology Review, 2018Co-Authors: Juan C Castroalonso, Ouhao Chen, Fred Paas, John SwellerAbstract:Depletion of limited working memory Resources may occur following extensive mental effort resulting in decreased performance compared to conditions requiring less extensive mental effort. This “Depletion effect” can be incorporated into cognitive load theory that is concerned with using the properties of human cognitive architecture, especially working memory, when designing instruction. Two experiments were carried out on the spacing effect that occurs when learning that is spaced by temporal gaps between learning episodes is superior to identical, massed learning with no gaps between learning episodes. Using primary school students learning mathematics, it was found that students obtained lower scores on a working memory capacity test (Experiments 1 and 2) and higher ratings of cognitive load (Experiment 2) after massed than after spaced practice. The reduction in working memory capacity may be attributed to working memory Resource Depletion following the relatively prolonged mental effort associated with massed compared to spaced practice. An expansion of cognitive load theory to incorporate working memory Resource Depletion along with instructional design implications, including the spacing effect, is discussed.
Ouhao Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extending cognitive load theory to incorporate working memory Resource Depletion evidence from the spacing effect
Educational Psychology Review, 2018Co-Authors: Juan C Castroalonso, Ouhao Chen, Fred Paas, John SwellerAbstract:Depletion of limited working memory Resources may occur following extensive mental effort resulting in decreased performance compared to conditions requiring less extensive mental effort. This “Depletion effect” can be incorporated into cognitive load theory that is concerned with using the properties of human cognitive architecture, especially working memory, when designing instruction. Two experiments were carried out on the spacing effect that occurs when learning that is spaced by temporal gaps between learning episodes is superior to identical, massed learning with no gaps between learning episodes. Using primary school students learning mathematics, it was found that students obtained lower scores on a working memory capacity test (Experiments 1 and 2) and higher ratings of cognitive load (Experiment 2) after massed than after spaced practice. The reduction in working memory capacity may be attributed to working memory Resource Depletion following the relatively prolonged mental effort associated with massed compared to spaced practice. An expansion of cognitive load theory to incorporate working memory Resource Depletion along with instructional design implications, including the spacing effect, is discussed.
Rachael D. Seidler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effects of working memory Resource Depletion and training on sensorimotor adaptation.
Behavioural brain research, 2011Co-Authors: Joaquin A. Anguera, Jessica A. Bernard, Susanne M. Jaeggi, Martin Buschkuehl, Bryan L. Benson, Sarah Jennett, Jennifer Humfleet, Patricia A. Reuter-lorenz, John Jonides, Rachael D. SeidlerAbstract:We have recently demonstrated that visuospatial working memory performance predicts the rate of motor skill learning, particularly during the early phase of visuomotor adaptation. Here, we follow up these correlational findings with direct manipulations of working memory Resources to determine the impact on visuomotor adaptation, a form of motor learning. We conducted two separate experiments. In the first one, we used a Resource Depletion strategy to investigate whether the rate of early visuomotor adaptation would be negatively affected by fatigue of spatial working memory Resources. In the second study, we employed a dual n-back task training paradigm that has been shown to result in transfer effects [1] over five weeks to determine whether training-related improvements would boost the rate of early visuomotor adaptation. The Depletion of spatial working memory Resources negatively affected the rate of early visuomotor adaptation. However, enhancing working memory capacity via training did not lead to improved rates of visuomotor adaptation, suggesting that working memory capacity may not be the factor limiting maximal rate of visuomotor adaptation in young adults. These findings are discussed from a Resource limitation/capacity framework with respect to current views of motor learning.
Shabbir H Gheewala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Resource Depletion assessment of renewable electricity generation technologies—comparison of life cycle impact assessment methods with focus on mineral Resources
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: Jana Lieberei, Shabbir H GheewalaAbstract:PurposeRenewable energies are promoted in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the Depletion of fossil fuels. However, plants for renewable electricity production incorporate specifically higher amounts of materials being rated as potentially scarce. Therefore, it is in question which (mineral) Resources contribute to the overall Resource consumption and which of the manifold impact assessment methods can be recommended to cover an accurate and complete investigation of Resource use for renewable energy technologies.MethodsLife cycle assessment is conducted for different renewable electricity production technologies (wind, photovoltaics, and biomass) under German conditions and compared to fossil electricity generation from a coal-fired power plant. Focus is given on mineral Resource Depletion for these technologies. As no consensus has been reached so far as to which impact assessment method is recommended, different established as well as recently developed impact assessment methods (CML, ReCiPe, Swiss Ecoscarcity, and economic scarcity potential (ESP)) are compared. The contribution of mineral Resources to the overall Resource Depletion as well as potential scarcity are identified.Results and discussionOverall Resource Depletion of electricity generation technologies tends to be dominated by fossil fuel Depletion; therefore, most renewable technologies reduce the overall Resource Depletion compared to a coal-fired power plant. But, in comparison to fossil electricity generation from coal, mineral Resource Depletion is increased by wind and solar power. The investigated methods rate different materials as major contributors to mineral Resource Depletion, such as gallium used in photovoltaic plants (Swiss Ecoscarcity), gold and copper incorporated in electrical circuits and in cables (CML and ReCiPe), and nickel (Swiss Ecoscarcity and ReCiPe) and chromium (ESP) for stainless steel production. However, some methods lack characterization factors for potentially important materials.ConclusionsIf mineral Resource use is investigated for technologies using a wider spectrum of potentially scarce minerals, practitioners need to choose the impact assessment method carefully according to their scope and check if all important materials are covered. Further research is needed for an overall assessment of different Resource compartments.
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Resource Depletion assessment of renewable electricity generation technologies comparison of life cycle impact assessment methods with focus on mineral Resources
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: Jana Lieberei, Shabbir H GheewalaAbstract:Renewable energies are promoted in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the Depletion of fossil fuels. However, plants for renewable electricity production incorporate specifically higher amounts of materials being rated as potentially scarce. Therefore, it is in question which (mineral) Resources contribute to the overall Resource consumption and which of the manifold impact assessment methods can be recommended to cover an accurate and complete investigation of Resource use for renewable energy technologies. Life cycle assessment is conducted for different renewable electricity production technologies (wind, photovoltaics, and biomass) under German conditions and compared to fossil electricity generation from a coal-fired power plant. Focus is given on mineral Resource Depletion for these technologies. As no consensus has been reached so far as to which impact assessment method is recommended, different established as well as recently developed impact assessment methods (CML, ReCiPe, Swiss Ecoscarcity, and economic scarcity potential (ESP)) are compared. The contribution of mineral Resources to the overall Resource Depletion as well as potential scarcity are identified. Overall Resource Depletion of electricity generation technologies tends to be dominated by fossil fuel Depletion; therefore, most renewable technologies reduce the overall Resource Depletion compared to a coal-fired power plant. But, in comparison to fossil electricity generation from coal, mineral Resource Depletion is increased by wind and solar power. The investigated methods rate different materials as major contributors to mineral Resource Depletion, such as gallium used in photovoltaic plants (Swiss Ecoscarcity), gold and copper incorporated in electrical circuits and in cables (CML and ReCiPe), and nickel (Swiss Ecoscarcity and ReCiPe) and chromium (ESP) for stainless steel production. However, some methods lack characterization factors for potentially important materials. If mineral Resource use is investigated for technologies using a wider spectrum of potentially scarce minerals, practitioners need to choose the impact assessment method carefully according to their scope and check if all important materials are covered. Further research is needed for an overall assessment of different Resource compartments.
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Resource Depletion assessment of renewable electricity generation technologies—comparison of life cycle impact assessment methods with focus on mineral Resources
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2016Co-Authors: Jana Lieberei, Shabbir H GheewalaAbstract:Renewable energies are promoted in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the Depletion of fossil fuels. However, plants for renewable electricity production incorporate specifically higher amounts of materials being rated as potentially scarce. Therefore, it is in question which (mineral) Resources contribute to the overall Resource consumption and which of the manifold impact assessment methods can be recommended to cover an accurate and complete investigation of Resource use for renewable energy technologies. Life cycle assessment is conducted for different renewable electricity production technologies (wind, photovoltaics, and biomass) under German conditions and compared to fossil electricity generation from a coal-fired power plant. Focus is given on mineral Resource Depletion for these technologies. As no consensus has been reached so far as to which impact assessment method is recommended, different established as well as recently developed impact assessment methods (CML, ReCiPe, Swiss Ecoscarcity, and economic scarcity potential (ESP)) are compared. The contribution of mineral Resources to the overall Resource Depletion as well as potential scarcity are identified. Overall Resource Depletion of electricity generation technologies tends to be dominated by fossil fuel Depletion; therefore, most renewable technologies reduce the overall Resource Depletion compared to a coal-fired power plant. But, in comparison to fossil electricity generation from coal, mineral Resource Depletion is increased by wind and solar power. The investigated methods rate different materials as major contributors to mineral Resource Depletion, such as gallium used in photovoltaic plants (Swiss Ecoscarcity), gold and copper incorporated in electrical circuits and in cables (CML and ReCiPe), and nickel (Swiss Ecoscarcity and ReCiPe) and chromium (ESP) for stainless steel production. However, some methods lack characterization factors for potentially important materials. If mineral Resource use is investigated for technologies using a wider spectrum of potentially scarce minerals, practitioners need to choose the impact assessment method carefully according to their scope and check if all important materials are covered. Further research is needed for an overall assessment of different Resource compartments.
Fred Paas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extending cognitive load theory to incorporate working memory Resource Depletion evidence from the spacing effect
Educational Psychology Review, 2018Co-Authors: Juan C Castroalonso, Ouhao Chen, Fred Paas, John SwellerAbstract:Depletion of limited working memory Resources may occur following extensive mental effort resulting in decreased performance compared to conditions requiring less extensive mental effort. This “Depletion effect” can be incorporated into cognitive load theory that is concerned with using the properties of human cognitive architecture, especially working memory, when designing instruction. Two experiments were carried out on the spacing effect that occurs when learning that is spaced by temporal gaps between learning episodes is superior to identical, massed learning with no gaps between learning episodes. Using primary school students learning mathematics, it was found that students obtained lower scores on a working memory capacity test (Experiments 1 and 2) and higher ratings of cognitive load (Experiment 2) after massed than after spaced practice. The reduction in working memory capacity may be attributed to working memory Resource Depletion following the relatively prolonged mental effort associated with massed compared to spaced practice. An expansion of cognitive load theory to incorporate working memory Resource Depletion along with instructional design implications, including the spacing effect, is discussed.
