The Experts below are selected from a list of 15327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
George Androutsos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hallmarks in the study of Respiratory Physiology and the crucial role of antoine laurent de lavoisier 1743 1794
American Journal of Physiology-lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2013Co-Authors: Marianna Karamanou, Gregory Tsoucalas, George AndroutsosAbstract:From the early 17th century the advent of physical and chemical sciences developed two important movements toward the explanation of all vital phenomena: the Iatrochemical and Iatromechanical Schools. The important research of their representatives such as Jan Baptist van Helmont, John Mayow, Robert Boyle, Gian Alfonso Borelli, Richard Lower, and Albrecht von Haller, followed by the discovery of the atmospheric gases, provided a fecund soil for the leading work of Lavoisier in Respiratory Physiology.
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antoine laurent de lavoisier 1743 1794 and the birth of Respiratory Physiology
Thorax, 2013Co-Authors: Marianna Karamanou, George AndroutsosAbstract:Background For more than 1500 years, the status of knowledge concerning the Physiology of human respiration has remained almost unchanged. In the 18th century, the French chemist Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier conducted breathing experiments on human and animal respiration. Methods The main bibliographic sources concerning Lavoisier9s life and work on respiration have been investigated and analysed. Results Using an ice-calorimeter, Lavoisier proved that combustion and respiration were one and the same. He also measured the oxygen consumed during respiration and concluded that the amount changes depending on human activities: exercise, eating, fasting, and sitting in a warm or cold room. Moreover, he found variations in pulse and breathing rate. Conclusions Lavoisier9s work on respiration is of great historical significance as it represents the first effort to measure human Respiratory gas metabolism contributing significantly to the development of Respiratory Physiology.
Marianna Karamanou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hallmarks in the study of Respiratory Physiology and the crucial role of antoine laurent de lavoisier 1743 1794
American Journal of Physiology-lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2013Co-Authors: Marianna Karamanou, Gregory Tsoucalas, George AndroutsosAbstract:From the early 17th century the advent of physical and chemical sciences developed two important movements toward the explanation of all vital phenomena: the Iatrochemical and Iatromechanical Schools. The important research of their representatives such as Jan Baptist van Helmont, John Mayow, Robert Boyle, Gian Alfonso Borelli, Richard Lower, and Albrecht von Haller, followed by the discovery of the atmospheric gases, provided a fecund soil for the leading work of Lavoisier in Respiratory Physiology.
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antoine laurent de lavoisier 1743 1794 and the birth of Respiratory Physiology
Thorax, 2013Co-Authors: Marianna Karamanou, George AndroutsosAbstract:Background For more than 1500 years, the status of knowledge concerning the Physiology of human respiration has remained almost unchanged. In the 18th century, the French chemist Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier conducted breathing experiments on human and animal respiration. Methods The main bibliographic sources concerning Lavoisier9s life and work on respiration have been investigated and analysed. Results Using an ice-calorimeter, Lavoisier proved that combustion and respiration were one and the same. He also measured the oxygen consumed during respiration and concluded that the amount changes depending on human activities: exercise, eating, fasting, and sitting in a warm or cold room. Moreover, he found variations in pulse and breathing rate. Conclusions Lavoisier9s work on respiration is of great historical significance as it represents the first effort to measure human Respiratory gas metabolism contributing significantly to the development of Respiratory Physiology.
John B West - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the physiological legacy of the fenn rahn and otis school
American Journal of Physiology-lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: John B WestAbstract:Extraordinary advances in Respiratory Physiology occurred between 1941 and 1956 in the Department of Physiology, University of Rochester. These were principally the result of a collaboration between Wallace Fenn, Hermann Rahn and Arthur Otis. Remarkably all three scientists had worked in very dissimilar areas of Physiology before and, by their own admission, were largely ignorant of Respiratory Physiology. However because of the exigencies of war they were brought together to study the Physiology of pressure breathing. The result was that they laid much of the foundations of pulmonary gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics and some of their work is still cited today. In pulmonary gas exchange they exploited the new oxygen-carbon dioxide diagram, clarified the effects of changes of altitude, hyperventilation and pressure breathing, and pioneered the analysis of ventilation-perfusion relationships. In Respiratory mechanics, they carried out ground-breaking work on the pressure-volume behavior of the lung and chest wall, and went on to analyze aspects of gas flow and work of breathing. This explosion of ideas from what initially appeared to be a poorly prepared group has lessons for us today.
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the physiological challenges of the 1952 copenhagen poliomyelitis epidemic and a renaissance in clinical Respiratory Physiology
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005Co-Authors: John B WestAbstract:The 1952 Copenhagen poliomyelitis epidemic provided extraordinary challenges in applied Physiology. Over 300 patients developed Respiratory paralysis within a few weeks, and the ventilator facilities at the infectious disease hospital were completely overwhelmed. The heroic solution was to call upon 200 medical students to provide round-the-clock manual ventilation using a rubber bag attached to a tracheostomy tube. Some patients were ventilated in this way for several weeks. A second challenge was to understand the gas exchange and acid-base status of these patients. At the onset of the epidemic, the only measurement routinely available in the hospital was the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, and the high values were initially misinterpreted as a mysterious “alkalosis.” However, pH measurements were quickly instituted, the PCO2 was shown to be high, and modern clinical Respiratory acid-base Physiology was born. Taking a broader view, the problems highlighted by the epidemic underscored the gap between recent advances made by physiologists and their application to the clinical environment. However, the 1950s ushered in a renaissance in clinical Respiratory Physiology. In 1950 the coverage of Respiratory Physiology in textbooks was often woefully inadequate, but the decade saw major advances in topics such as mechanics and gas exchange. An important development was the translation of the new knowledge from departments of Physiology to the clinical setting. In many respects, this period was therefore the beginning of modern clinical Respiratory Physiology.
Darryl C Zeldin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hormonal influences on lung function and response to environmental agents
Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 2012Co-Authors: Jeffrey W Card, Darryl C ZeldinAbstract:Numerous studies in humans and experimental animals have identified considerable sex differences in Respiratory Physiology and in the response of the lung to environmental agents. These differences appear to be mediated, at least in part, by sex hormones and their nuclear receptors. Moreover, animal models are increasingly used to study pathogenic mechanisms and test potential therapies for a variety of human lung diseases, many of which appear to be influenced by sex and sex hormones. In this article, data are summarized from studies of lung function and disease in which sex differences have been observed. Specific attention is paid to animal models of acute lung injury, nonallergic and allergic lung inflammation, and lung fibrosis. It is anticipated that continued investigation of the role of sex and sex hormones in animal models will provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis and potential treatments for a variety of acute and chronic human lung diseases.
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hormonal influences on lung function and response to environmental agents lessons from animal models of Respiratory disease
Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 2009Co-Authors: Jeffrey W Card, Darryl C ZeldinAbstract:Numerous studies in humans and experimental animals have identified considerable sex differences in Respiratory Physiology and in the response of the lung to environmental agents. These differences appear to be mediated, at least in part, by sex hormones and their nuclear receptors. Moreover, animal models are increasingly used to study pathogenic mechanisms and test potential therapies for a variety of human lung diseases, many of which appear to be influenced by sex and sex hormones. In this article, data are summarized from studies of lung function and disease in which sex differences have been observed. Specific attention is paid to animal models of acute lung injury, nonallergic and allergic lung inflammation, and lung fibrosis. It is anticipated that continued investigation of the role of sex and sex hormones in animal models will provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis and potential treatments for a variety of acute and chronic human lung diseases.
David W Kaczka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pulmonary pathoPhysiology and lung mechanics in anesthesiology a case based overview
Anesthesiology Clinics, 2012Co-Authors: Marcos Vidal F Melo, David W Kaczka, Guido MuschAbstract:The induction and maintenance of anesthesia, surgical requirements, and patients’ unique pathoPhysiology all combine to create a setting in which our accumulated knowledge of Respiratory Physiology and lung mechanics take on immediate and central importance in patient management. In this review we will take a case-based approach to illustrate how the complex interactions between anesthesia, surgery, and patient disease impact patient care with respect to pulmonary pathoPhysiology and clinical decision-making. We will examine two disparate scenarios: a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing a lung resection, and a patient with coronary artery disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. In each example we will illustrate how important concepts in pulmonary Physiology and Respiratory mechanics impact clinical management decisions.
