The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Carla B. Green - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Retinal Circadian Clocks and Control of Retinal Physiology
    Journal of biological rhythms, 2004
    Co-Authors: Carla B. Green, Joseph C. Besharse
    Abstract:

    Retinas of all classes of vertebrates contain endogenous circadian clocks that control many aspects of Retinal Physiology, including Retinal sensitivity to light, neurohormone synthesis, and cellular events such as rod disk shedding, intracellular signaling pathways, and gene expression. The vertebrate retina is an example of a "peripheral" oscillator that is particularly amenable to study because this tissue is well characterized, the relationships between the various cell types are extensively studied, and many local clock-controlled rhythms are known. Although the existence of a photoreceptor clock is well established in several species, emerging data are consistent with multiple or dual oscillators within the retina that interact to control local Physiology. A prominent example is the antiphasic regulation of melaton in and dopamine in photoreceptors and inner retina, respectively. This review focuses on the similarities and differences in the molecular mechanisms of the Retinal versus the SCN oscillators, as well as on the expression of core components of the circadian clockwork in retina. Finally, the interactions between the Retinal clock(s) and the master clock in the SCN are examined.

  • Molecular control of Xenopus Retinal circadian rhythms.
    Journal of neuroendocrinology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Carla B. Green
    Abstract:

    Vertebrate retinas contain endogenous circadian clocks that control many aspects of Retinal Physiology. Our work has focused on studying the molecular mechanism of this clock and the way in which it controls the many cellular rhythms within the retina. These studies focus on the retina of Xenopus laevis, a well-established model system extensively used for the study of both Retinal Physiology and circadian function. We have cloned Xenopus homologues of the genes thought to be critical for vertebrate clock function, including Clock, Bmal1, cryptochromes and period, as well as other rhythmic genes such as nocturnin. We have used these genes to manipulate the clock within different subsets of Retinal photoreceptors via cell-specific promoters, in order to study the location of the clock within the retina. These in vivo experiments have shown that photoreceptor cells contain clocks that are necessary for the rhythmic production of melatonin. We have also used biochemical approaches to further investigate the molecular events that drive specific rhythmic outputs, such as circadian regulation of nocturnin gene transcription and control of post-transcriptional events within these clock-containing cells.

  • The Xenopus clock gene is constitutively expressed in Retinal photoreceptors.
    Brain research. Molecular brain research, 2000
    Co-Authors: Haisun Zhu, Silvia I. Larue, Andrew R. Whiteley, Thomas D.l. Steeves, Joseph S. Takahashi, Carla B. Green
    Abstract:

    Many aspects of normal Retinal Physiology are controlled by a Retinal circadian clock. In Xenopus laevis, the photoreceptor cells within the retina contain a circadian clock that controls melatonin release. In this report we present the cloning and characterization of the Xenopus homolog of the Clock gene, known to be critical for normal circadian behavioral rhythms in the mouse. The Xenopus Clock gene is expressed primarily in photoreceptors within the eye and is expressed at constant levels throughout the day. Analysis of other tissues revealed that, as in other species, the Xenopus Clock gene is widely expressed. This characterization of the Clock gene provides a useful tool for further exploration of the role of the circadian clock in normal Retinal function.

J.r. Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • optoPhysiology depth resolved probing of Retinal Physiology with functional ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kostadinka Bizheva, Boris Považay, Harald Sattmann, R. Pflug, Herbert A. Reitsamer, P. Qiu, E.m. Anger, Sergei V. Popov, B Hermann, J.r. Taylor
    Abstract:

    Noncontact, depth-resolved, optical probing of Retinal response to visual stimulation with a <10-μm spatial resolution, achieved by using functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (fUHROCT), is demonstrated in isolated rabbit retinas. The method takes advantage of the fact that physiological changes in dark-adapted retinas caused by light stimulation can result in local variation of the tissue reflectivity. fUHROCT scans were acquired from isolated retinas synchronously with electrical recordings before, during, and after light stimulation. Pronounced stimulus-related changes in the Retinal reflectivity profile were observed in the inner/outer segments of the photoreceptor layer and the plexiform layers. Control experiments (e.g., dark adaptation vs. light stimulation), pharmacological inhibition of photoreceptor function, and synaptic transmission to the inner retina confirmed that the origin of the observed optical changes is the altered physiological state of the retina evoked by the light stimulus. We have demonstrated that fUHROCT allows for simultaneous, noninvasive probing of both Retinal morphology and function, which could significantly improve the early diagnosis of various ophthalmic pathologies and could lead to better understanding of pathogenesis.

  • OptoPhysiology: depth-resolved probing of Retinal Physiology with functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kostadinka Bizheva, Boris Hermann, Boris Považay, Harald Sattmann, R. Pflug, Herbert A. Reitsamer, P. Qiu, E.m. Anger, Sergei V. Popov, J.r. Taylor
    Abstract:

    Noncontact, depth-resolved, optical probing of Retinal response to visual stimulation with a

Kostadinka Bizheva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • optoPhysiology depth resolved probing of Retinal Physiology with functional ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kostadinka Bizheva, Boris Považay, Harald Sattmann, R. Pflug, Herbert A. Reitsamer, P. Qiu, E.m. Anger, Sergei V. Popov, B Hermann, J.r. Taylor
    Abstract:

    Noncontact, depth-resolved, optical probing of Retinal response to visual stimulation with a <10-μm spatial resolution, achieved by using functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (fUHROCT), is demonstrated in isolated rabbit retinas. The method takes advantage of the fact that physiological changes in dark-adapted retinas caused by light stimulation can result in local variation of the tissue reflectivity. fUHROCT scans were acquired from isolated retinas synchronously with electrical recordings before, during, and after light stimulation. Pronounced stimulus-related changes in the Retinal reflectivity profile were observed in the inner/outer segments of the photoreceptor layer and the plexiform layers. Control experiments (e.g., dark adaptation vs. light stimulation), pharmacological inhibition of photoreceptor function, and synaptic transmission to the inner retina confirmed that the origin of the observed optical changes is the altered physiological state of the retina evoked by the light stimulus. We have demonstrated that fUHROCT allows for simultaneous, noninvasive probing of both Retinal morphology and function, which could significantly improve the early diagnosis of various ophthalmic pathologies and could lead to better understanding of pathogenesis.

  • OptoPhysiology: depth-resolved probing of Retinal Physiology with functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kostadinka Bizheva, Boris Hermann, Boris Považay, Harald Sattmann, R. Pflug, Herbert A. Reitsamer, P. Qiu, E.m. Anger, Sergei V. Popov, J.r. Taylor
    Abstract:

    Noncontact, depth-resolved, optical probing of Retinal response to visual stimulation with a

  • Ultrahigh Resolution, Functional OCT with All-Fiber Broadband Raman-Continuum Light-Source
    2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, 1
    Co-Authors: Boris Považay, Boris Hermann, Wolfgang Drexler, Kostadinka Bizheva, S. Gasparoni, Angelika Unterhuber, Harald Sattmann, R. Pflug, E.a. Anger, Herbert A. Reitsamer
    Abstract:

    Coherent, spectral and intensity noise of a CW-pumped broadband Raman-continuum light source is determined for functional, ultrahigh resolution OCT. First application results to functional ultrahigh-resolution (3.5 mum) OCT for probing of Retinal Physiology are presented

Herbert A. Reitsamer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • optoPhysiology depth resolved probing of Retinal Physiology with functional ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kostadinka Bizheva, Boris Považay, Harald Sattmann, R. Pflug, Herbert A. Reitsamer, P. Qiu, E.m. Anger, Sergei V. Popov, B Hermann, J.r. Taylor
    Abstract:

    Noncontact, depth-resolved, optical probing of Retinal response to visual stimulation with a <10-μm spatial resolution, achieved by using functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (fUHROCT), is demonstrated in isolated rabbit retinas. The method takes advantage of the fact that physiological changes in dark-adapted retinas caused by light stimulation can result in local variation of the tissue reflectivity. fUHROCT scans were acquired from isolated retinas synchronously with electrical recordings before, during, and after light stimulation. Pronounced stimulus-related changes in the Retinal reflectivity profile were observed in the inner/outer segments of the photoreceptor layer and the plexiform layers. Control experiments (e.g., dark adaptation vs. light stimulation), pharmacological inhibition of photoreceptor function, and synaptic transmission to the inner retina confirmed that the origin of the observed optical changes is the altered physiological state of the retina evoked by the light stimulus. We have demonstrated that fUHROCT allows for simultaneous, noninvasive probing of both Retinal morphology and function, which could significantly improve the early diagnosis of various ophthalmic pathologies and could lead to better understanding of pathogenesis.

  • OptoPhysiology: depth-resolved probing of Retinal Physiology with functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kostadinka Bizheva, Boris Hermann, Boris Považay, Harald Sattmann, R. Pflug, Herbert A. Reitsamer, P. Qiu, E.m. Anger, Sergei V. Popov, J.r. Taylor
    Abstract:

    Noncontact, depth-resolved, optical probing of Retinal response to visual stimulation with a

  • Ultrahigh Resolution, Functional OCT with All-Fiber Broadband Raman-Continuum Light-Source
    2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, 1
    Co-Authors: Boris Považay, Boris Hermann, Wolfgang Drexler, Kostadinka Bizheva, S. Gasparoni, Angelika Unterhuber, Harald Sattmann, R. Pflug, E.a. Anger, Herbert A. Reitsamer
    Abstract:

    Coherent, spectral and intensity noise of a CW-pumped broadband Raman-continuum light source is determined for functional, ultrahigh resolution OCT. First application results to functional ultrahigh-resolution (3.5 mum) OCT for probing of Retinal Physiology are presented

Boris Považay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.