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Robin Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Retrofit Design method for Co2 emission reduction
    Environmental Management and Engineering 731 733: Unconventional Oil, 2011
    Co-Authors: Mona Gharaie, Jin-kuk Kim, M. Hassan Panjeshahi, Robin Smith
    Abstract:

    Utilization of fossil fuel, as one of the major contributors in CO 2 emission production, provides driving force behind global warming. Increasing energy efficiency through energy Retrofit of process plants can reduce fuel requirement and hence reduce CO2 emission production. The current practice for reducing CO2 emissions often selects the Retrofit options with no consideration of carbon tax or opportunity for carbon emission credit. This work presents a Design methodology to select and combine from the heat exchanger network (HEN) Retrofit options of different process plants considering the available investment cost for process integration measures and constraining carbon emission reduction target. The presented methodology investigates the capability of the introduced scenarios from combined Retrofit options for carbon emission credit opportunity. In this method the decision for degree of heat recovery in Retrofit of HEN can be made either based on achieving maximum opportunity for carbon emission credit considering fixed available investment cost or based on investing minimum cost to maintain the emission reduction target with no extra CO2 emission reduction. The final decision making is then based on total payback of the combined Retrofit scenario. The method is developed through a case study. Results show that the presented method is capable to include issues of carbon emission trading scheme in making decision for energy conservation in process industries with the objective of reducing CO2 Emission. The results also illustrate that the payback of the combined Retrofit options which are selected to meet the emission target are lower and hence better options relative to those that provide CO2 emission credit.

  • Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit Through Heat Transfer Enhancement
    Chemical engineering transactions, 2011
    Co-Authors: Yufei Wang, Robin Smith, Jin-kuk Kim
    Abstract:

    Many Design methods for the Retrofit of heat exchanger network (HEN) have been proposed during the last three decades. The conventional methods used to solve Retrofit problems often involve too many topology modifications and are limited by the size and complexity of Retrofit problems. Moreover, practical implementation of the additional area in Retrofit problems can be difficult due to topology, safety and downtime constraints. Heat transfer enhancement (HTE) can increase heat transfer coefficient so as to make exchangers smaller. The application of HTE provides an opportunity to avoid high capital costs for replacing equipments and pipelines in topology modification and the difficulties of additional area implementation in Retrofit Design. This paper presents a novel Design approach to solve HEN Retrofit problems based on HTE. An optimisation method based on simulated annealing has been developed to find the appropriate heat exchangers to be enhanced and augmentation level of enhancement. The new methodology allows enhancement to be added to tube-side or shell-side or both, which depends on the heat transfer control side. The application of this new methodology can bring a significant energy saving in Retrofit Design without any topology modification, or investment reduction in Retrofit Design with topology modifications. Copyright ? 2011, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.

  • Shortcut Models for Retrofit Design of Distillation Columns
    Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2003
    Co-Authors: Mamdouh Gadalla, Megan Jobson, Robin Smith
    Abstract:

    Shortcut models are well established for grassroots Design of distillation columns and have been widely applied. However, no shortcut models are available that address Retrofit. Shortcut models are quicker to solve, do not have significant convergence problems and are more robust than rigorous models for column optimization. In particular, shortcut models for Retrofit would be valuable for evaluating Retrofit Design options, for improving the performance of existing distillation systems (columns and heat recovery systems) and can be combined with detailed heat-integration models for optimizing existing heat-integrated distillation systems. This paper presents Retrofit shortcut models for Design of both reboiled and steam-stripped distillation columns. These models are primarily based on a modified Underwood method, the Gilliland and Kirkbride correlations, the Fenske equation and the material balances. The Retrofit models are applicable for simple distillation columns, sequences of simple distillation columns, and complex distillation configurations, including columns with side-strippers and side-rectifiers. The models fix both the column configurations and the operating conditions, including steam flow rates, and calculate the product flow rates, temperatures and compositions, and the various heat duties. A comparison of the model results with those of rigorous models of existing distillation columns is presented to validate the model.

  • Automated Retrofit Design of cooling‐water systems
    Aiche Journal, 2003
    Co-Authors: Jin-kuk Kim, Robin Smith
    Abstract:

    An automated approach from the systematic investigation of interactions between cooling-tower performance and the cooling-water network Design was developed for Retrofit Design of cooling-water systems. Introducing reuse of cooling water between different cooling duties enables cooling systems to be debottlenecked. The series arrangement of heat exchangers, however, results in a pressure drop increase because of the cooling water reuse. An optimization model for cooling-water networks developed considers pressure-drop constraints, complexity of networks, and efficient use of the cooling tower. A new node-superstructure model is suggested to consider the intensive property of pressure and the sequence of connections simultaneously. Physical insights are used to provide a good initialization for the resulting optimization problem. Issues of Retrofit analysis are also addressed to give Design guidelines for debottlenecking of cooling-water systems.

  • automated Retrofit Design of cooling water systems
    Aiche Journal, 2003
    Co-Authors: Jin-kuk Kim, Robin Smith
    Abstract:

    An automated approach from the systematic investigation of interactions between cooling-tower performance and the cooling-water network Design was developed for Retrofit Design of cooling-water systems. Introducing reuse of cooling water between different cooling duties enables cooling systems to be debottlenecked. The series arrangement of heat exchangers, however, results in a pressure drop increase because of the cooling water reuse. An optimization model for cooling-water networks developed considers pressure-drop constraints, complexity of networks, and efficient use of the cooling tower. A new node-superstructure model is suggested to consider the intensive property of pressure and the sequence of connections simultaneously. Physical insights are used to provide a good initialization for the resulting optimization problem. Issues of Retrofit analysis are also addressed to give Design guidelines for debottlenecking of cooling-water systems.

Jin-kuk Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Systematic Retrofit Design with Response Surface Method and process integration techniques: A case study for the Retrofit of a hydrocarbon fractionation plant
    Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2014
    Co-Authors: Aurora Hernández Enríquez, Michael Binns, Jin-kuk Kim
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper demonstrates the Retrofit Design Approach (RDA) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the Retrofit of industrial plants in which assessment of Design options for improving existing processes in a site-wide and integrated manner is not straightforward, due to complex Design interactions in the process. The Design methodology applied in this study is based on the systematic use of a process simulator which is used to identify promising variables through sensitivity analysis. Hence, the most important factors are determined and a reduced model is constructed based on RSM. An optimization framework is then built using the reduced model based on key selected variables, which is optimized to find optimal conditions and performance of the process. This Design methodology provides strategic guidelines for determining the most cost-effective Design options. The Retrofit of a hydrocarbon fractionation plant is presented as an industrial case study. This includes a large number of Design options with different process configurations and operating conditions due to the interconnection of distillation columns in sequence and the integrated heat recovery within the plant. The case study results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach which is able to effectively deal with a large Retrofit problems. This is possible with the aid of process simulation and RSM producing a reduced model which requires considerably less computational effort to solve.

  • Retrofit Design method for Co2 emission reduction
    Environmental Management and Engineering 731 733: Unconventional Oil, 2011
    Co-Authors: Mona Gharaie, Jin-kuk Kim, M. Hassan Panjeshahi, Robin Smith
    Abstract:

    Utilization of fossil fuel, as one of the major contributors in CO 2 emission production, provides driving force behind global warming. Increasing energy efficiency through energy Retrofit of process plants can reduce fuel requirement and hence reduce CO2 emission production. The current practice for reducing CO2 emissions often selects the Retrofit options with no consideration of carbon tax or opportunity for carbon emission credit. This work presents a Design methodology to select and combine from the heat exchanger network (HEN) Retrofit options of different process plants considering the available investment cost for process integration measures and constraining carbon emission reduction target. The presented methodology investigates the capability of the introduced scenarios from combined Retrofit options for carbon emission credit opportunity. In this method the decision for degree of heat recovery in Retrofit of HEN can be made either based on achieving maximum opportunity for carbon emission credit considering fixed available investment cost or based on investing minimum cost to maintain the emission reduction target with no extra CO2 emission reduction. The final decision making is then based on total payback of the combined Retrofit scenario. The method is developed through a case study. Results show that the presented method is capable to include issues of carbon emission trading scheme in making decision for energy conservation in process industries with the objective of reducing CO2 Emission. The results also illustrate that the payback of the combined Retrofit options which are selected to meet the emission target are lower and hence better options relative to those that provide CO2 emission credit.

  • Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit Through Heat Transfer Enhancement
    Chemical engineering transactions, 2011
    Co-Authors: Yufei Wang, Robin Smith, Jin-kuk Kim
    Abstract:

    Many Design methods for the Retrofit of heat exchanger network (HEN) have been proposed during the last three decades. The conventional methods used to solve Retrofit problems often involve too many topology modifications and are limited by the size and complexity of Retrofit problems. Moreover, practical implementation of the additional area in Retrofit problems can be difficult due to topology, safety and downtime constraints. Heat transfer enhancement (HTE) can increase heat transfer coefficient so as to make exchangers smaller. The application of HTE provides an opportunity to avoid high capital costs for replacing equipments and pipelines in topology modification and the difficulties of additional area implementation in Retrofit Design. This paper presents a novel Design approach to solve HEN Retrofit problems based on HTE. An optimisation method based on simulated annealing has been developed to find the appropriate heat exchangers to be enhanced and augmentation level of enhancement. The new methodology allows enhancement to be added to tube-side or shell-side or both, which depends on the heat transfer control side. The application of this new methodology can bring a significant energy saving in Retrofit Design without any topology modification, or investment reduction in Retrofit Design with topology modifications. Copyright ? 2011, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.

  • Automated Retrofit Design of cooling‐water systems
    Aiche Journal, 2003
    Co-Authors: Jin-kuk Kim, Robin Smith
    Abstract:

    An automated approach from the systematic investigation of interactions between cooling-tower performance and the cooling-water network Design was developed for Retrofit Design of cooling-water systems. Introducing reuse of cooling water between different cooling duties enables cooling systems to be debottlenecked. The series arrangement of heat exchangers, however, results in a pressure drop increase because of the cooling water reuse. An optimization model for cooling-water networks developed considers pressure-drop constraints, complexity of networks, and efficient use of the cooling tower. A new node-superstructure model is suggested to consider the intensive property of pressure and the sequence of connections simultaneously. Physical insights are used to provide a good initialization for the resulting optimization problem. Issues of Retrofit analysis are also addressed to give Design guidelines for debottlenecking of cooling-water systems.

  • automated Retrofit Design of cooling water systems
    Aiche Journal, 2003
    Co-Authors: Jin-kuk Kim, Robin Smith
    Abstract:

    An automated approach from the systematic investigation of interactions between cooling-tower performance and the cooling-water network Design was developed for Retrofit Design of cooling-water systems. Introducing reuse of cooling water between different cooling duties enables cooling systems to be debottlenecked. The series arrangement of heat exchangers, however, results in a pressure drop increase because of the cooling water reuse. An optimization model for cooling-water networks developed considers pressure-drop constraints, complexity of networks, and efficient use of the cooling tower. A new node-superstructure model is suggested to consider the intensive property of pressure and the sequence of connections simultaneously. Physical insights are used to provide a good initialization for the resulting optimization problem. Issues of Retrofit analysis are also addressed to give Design guidelines for debottlenecking of cooling-water systems.

Abbie B. Liel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Kwame Osei Boateng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a Retrofit Design science methodology for smart metering Design in developing countries
    International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, 2015
    Co-Authors: Julius Quarshie Azasoo, Kwame Osei Boateng
    Abstract:

    Traditional meters present both the users and utilities providers with various challenges in developing countries. For instance utility providers must get access to their users' premises to be able to read these meters or check fraudulent connections. Users on the other hand have to wait for months or more before knowing their utility consumptions or join long queues to purchase credit for the post-payment and pre-payment meters respectively. This paper seeks to propose a Design that Retrofits traditional meters on site into smart meters by adding embedded units for communication and control. The study was conducted using a modified Design Science Methodology referred to as Retrofit Design Science Research Methodology (RDSRM). RDSRM argues that, the artifact in context (Smart Meter) has undergone evaluation and acceptance as critical for solving a defined problem and that there are enough literature to support its relevance. The traditional meters were studied and the proposed system was Designed using General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology for communication, and Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC). Network based applications were developed to present both the consumers and the utilities with the ability to interact with the meters remotely. An attempt was made to address identified security issues of smart metering by using Message Digest 5 (MD5) Algorithm in the Design. The system was evaluated based on smart metering requirements. The GPRS Retrofitted Smart Metering System (GRSMS) will reduce the cost of deploying smart meters.

  • ICCSA (Short Papers/poster papers/PhD student showcase works) - A Retrofit Design Science Methodology for Smart Metering Design in Developing Countries
    2015 15th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, 2015
    Co-Authors: Julius Quarshie Azasoo, Kwame Osei Boateng
    Abstract:

    Traditional meters present both the users and utilities providers with various challenges in developing countries. For instance utility providers must get access to their users' premises to be able to read these meters or check fraudulent connections. Users on the other hand have to wait for months or more before knowing their utility consumptions or join long queues to purchase credit for the post-payment and pre-payment meters respectively. This paper seeks to propose a Design that Retrofits traditional meters on site into smart meters by adding embedded units for communication and control. The study was conducted using a modified Design Science Methodology referred to as Retrofit Design Science Research Methodology (RDSRM). RDSRM argues that, the artifact in context (Smart Meter) has undergone evaluation and acceptance as critical for solving a defined problem and that there are enough literature to support its relevance. The traditional meters were studied and the proposed system was Designed using General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology for communication, and Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC). Network based applications were developed to present both the consumers and the utilities with the ability to interact with the meters remotely. An attempt was made to address identified security issues of smart metering by using Message Digest 5 (MD5) Algorithm in the Design. The system was evaluated based on smart metering requirements. The GPRS Retrofitted Smart Metering System (GRSMS) will reduce the cost of deploying smart meters.

Antonis C. Kokossis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hypertargets: a Conceptual Programming approach for the optimisation of industrial heat exchanger networks — II. Retrofit Design
    Chemical Engineering Science, 1999
    Co-Authors: V. Briones, Antonis C. Kokossis
    Abstract:

    The paper extends the Conceptual Programming technology of Part I for Retrofit Design problems. Similar to the grassroots Designs, the methodology includes a targeting and an optimisation stage and accounts for the simultaneous use of thermodynamic principles and mathematical programming. It discusses the development of two conceptual models which enable an automated auditing of the existing network (HEAT model), and a screening of its most promising modifications (TAME model). Both models are formulated and optimised as Mixed Integer Linear Programming problems whose sizes, unlike previous mathematical programming developments, remain very manageable even for large scale industrial problems. The optimisation of these models gives rise to the Retrofit Hypertargets which involve, in addition to the energy, all other costing information available. The new methodology reports improvement of up to 40% against the established techniques and its application is illustrated in several examples.

  • hypertargets a conceptual programming approach for the optimisation of industrial heat exchanger networks ii Retrofit Design
    Chemical Engineering Science, 1999
    Co-Authors: V. Briones, Antonis C. Kokossis
    Abstract:

    The paper extends the Conceptual Programming technology of Part I for Retrofit Design problems. Similar to the grassroots Designs, the methodology includes a targeting and an optimisation stage and accounts for the simultaneous use of thermodynamic principles and mathematical programming. It discusses the development of two conceptual models which enable an automated auditing of the existing network (HEAT model), and a screening of its most promising modifications (TAME model). Both models are formulated and optimised as Mixed Integer Linear Programming problems whose sizes, unlike previous mathematical programming developments, remain very manageable even for large scale industrial problems. The optimisation of these models gives rise to the Retrofit Hypertargets which involve, in addition to the energy, all other costing information available. The new methodology reports improvement of up to 40% against the established techniques and its application is illustrated in several examples.