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Jaap F. Vente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Membrane Retrofit Option for Paraffin/Olefin Separation—A Technoeconomic Evaluation
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: A. Motelica, Odolphus S. L. Bruinsma, R. Kreiter, Marcel J. Den Exter, Jaap F. Vente
    Abstract:

    The technical and economic feasibility of a hybrid separation process in which gas separation membranes are combined with conventional distillation are assessed for the separation of ethylene from ethane and of butadiene from a C4-mixture. The potentials for increased energy efficiency and debottlenecking were determined in relation to the required membrane performances. The energy saving potential for the separation of ethylene from ethane is rather low owing to the required very high membrane selectivity. Energy savings can be expected when the membrane selectivity for ethylene is >60. However, the possibility to increase the column capacity in an existing plant by using a membrane is very high. This can become economically attractive if the membrane has a selectivity for ethylene of ≥10. In the case of butadiene separation, the energy savings can be as high as 30% depending on membrane selectivity and process configuration. This high value can be reached when the membrane selectivity for butadiene rela...

  • membrane Retrofit Option for paraffin olefin separation a technoeconomic evaluation
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: A. Motelica, Odolphus S. L. Bruinsma, R. Kreiter, Marcel J. Den Exter, Jaap F. Vente
    Abstract:

    The technical and economic feasibility of a hybrid separation process in which gas separation membranes are combined with conventional distillation are assessed for the separation of ethylene from ethane and of butadiene from a C4-mixture. The potentials for increased energy efficiency and debottlenecking were determined in relation to the required membrane performances. The energy saving potential for the separation of ethylene from ethane is rather low owing to the required very high membrane selectivity. Energy savings can be expected when the membrane selectivity for ethylene is >60. However, the possibility to increase the column capacity in an existing plant by using a membrane is very high. This can become economically attractive if the membrane has a selectivity for ethylene of ≥10. In the case of butadiene separation, the energy savings can be as high as 30% depending on membrane selectivity and process configuration. This high value can be reached when the membrane selectivity for butadiene rela...

Gaetano Manfredi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • LCA-based study on structural Retrofit Options for masonry buildings
    The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2015
    Co-Authors: Loredana Napolano, Costantino Menna, Domenico Asprone, Andrea Prota, Gaetano Manfredi
    Abstract:

    Purpose Over the last decade, the rehabilitation/renovation of existing buildings has increasingly attracted the attention of scientific community. Many studies focus intensely on the mechanical and energy performance of Retrofitted/renovated existing structures, while few works address the environmental impact of such operations. In the present study, the environmental impact of typical Retrofit operations, referred to masonry structures, is assessed. In particular, four different structural Options are investigated: local replacement of damaged masonry, mortar injection, steel chain installation, and grid-reinforced mortar application. Each different Option is analyzed with reference to proper normalized quantities. Thus, the results of this analysis can be used to compute the environmental impact of real large-scale Retrofit operations, once the amount/extension of them is defined in the design stage. The final purpose is to give to designers the opportunity to monitor the environmental impact of different Retrofit strategies and, once structural requirements are satisfied, identify for each real case the most suitable Retrofit Option. Methods The environmental impact of the structural Retrofit Options is assessed by means of a life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach. A cradle to grave system boundary is considered for each Retrofit process. The results of the environmental analysis are presented according to the data format of the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) standard. Indeed, the environmental outcomes are expressed through six impact categories: global warming, ozone depletion, eutrophication, acidification, photochemical oxidation, and nonrenewable energy. Results and discussion For each Retrofit Option, the interpretation analysis is conducted in order to define which element, material, or process mainly influenced the LCA results. In addition, the results revealed that the recycling of waste materials provides environmental benefits in all the categories of the LCA outcomes. It is also pointed out that a comparison between the four investigated Options would be meaningful only once the exact amount of each operation is defined for a specific Retrofit case. Conclusions This paper provides a systematic approach and environmental data to drive the selection and identification of structural Retrofit Options for existing buildings, in terms of sustainability performance. The final aim of this work is also to provide researchers and practitioners, with a better understanding of the sustainability aspects of Retrofit operations. In fact, the environmental impacts of the Retrofit Options here investigated can be used for future research/practical activities, to monitor and control the environmental impact of structural Retrofit operations of existing masonry buildings.

A. Motelica - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Membrane Retrofit Option for Paraffin/Olefin Separation—A Technoeconomic Evaluation
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: A. Motelica, Odolphus S. L. Bruinsma, R. Kreiter, Marcel J. Den Exter, Jaap F. Vente
    Abstract:

    The technical and economic feasibility of a hybrid separation process in which gas separation membranes are combined with conventional distillation are assessed for the separation of ethylene from ethane and of butadiene from a C4-mixture. The potentials for increased energy efficiency and debottlenecking were determined in relation to the required membrane performances. The energy saving potential for the separation of ethylene from ethane is rather low owing to the required very high membrane selectivity. Energy savings can be expected when the membrane selectivity for ethylene is >60. However, the possibility to increase the column capacity in an existing plant by using a membrane is very high. This can become economically attractive if the membrane has a selectivity for ethylene of ≥10. In the case of butadiene separation, the energy savings can be as high as 30% depending on membrane selectivity and process configuration. This high value can be reached when the membrane selectivity for butadiene rela...

  • membrane Retrofit Option for paraffin olefin separation a technoeconomic evaluation
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: A. Motelica, Odolphus S. L. Bruinsma, R. Kreiter, Marcel J. Den Exter, Jaap F. Vente
    Abstract:

    The technical and economic feasibility of a hybrid separation process in which gas separation membranes are combined with conventional distillation are assessed for the separation of ethylene from ethane and of butadiene from a C4-mixture. The potentials for increased energy efficiency and debottlenecking were determined in relation to the required membrane performances. The energy saving potential for the separation of ethylene from ethane is rather low owing to the required very high membrane selectivity. Energy savings can be expected when the membrane selectivity for ethylene is >60. However, the possibility to increase the column capacity in an existing plant by using a membrane is very high. This can become economically attractive if the membrane has a selectivity for ethylene of ≥10. In the case of butadiene separation, the energy savings can be as high as 30% depending on membrane selectivity and process configuration. This high value can be reached when the membrane selectivity for butadiene rela...

Emmanouil Kakaras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Integration of calcium looping technology in existing cement plant for CO2 capture: Process modeling and technical considerations
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Konstantinos Atsonios, S.k. Antiohos, Nikos Nikolopoulos, Panagiotis Grammelis, Emmanouil Kakaras
    Abstract:

    Cement sector is currently responsible for approximately 5% of the global CO2 emissions. CO2 originates principally from the raw meal calcination stage and conventional fuel (e.g. coal) combustion for the thermal needs of the process. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is among the examined technologies for mitigating CO2 emissions generated in a cement plant. A very competitive technology for CO2 capture from flue gases appears to be Calcium Looping (CaL). The process is realized in a dual fluidized bed system where CO2 is absorbed by CaO in the first reactor (carbonator), and the produced CaCO3 is regenerated in the second oxy – fired reactor (calciner). During calcination, CO2 is released from the sorbents, purified, compressed and finally led to storage. Among the advantages of CaL when compared against other CO2 capturing technologies that could be applied in the cement industry, are the familiarity of the sector with the management (extraction, storage, feeding, etc.) of CaO-bearing materials and the prospect of reusing purge CaO in cement making as it is chemically compatible with cement raw meal. This study describes the process modeling of the CaL implementation on a typical (no by-pass) five-stage preheater with pre-calciner cement plant as a Retrofit Option, in order to capture the CO2 produced through the clinker production. The process simulations were performed with the commercial software ASPEN Plus™ in conjunction with house-built models for the CaL process itself. A detailed description of the process configuration of the CO2 capture unit including its integration with the CO2 purification scheme and the basic parameters for the clinker production line are presented. Simulation results revealed that high S content in the supplementary fuel affects negatively the CaL performance and the quality of purge CaO in terms of replacing limestone in the kiln feed. Using low-sulfur coal for a 90% capture rate, a total purge CaO utilization can be achieved along with a raw limestone substitution of 8% and a net electricity yield of 426.66kWh/t clinker. The economic evaluation of the proposed concept was also performed, estimating that the cost for CO2 avoidance equals approx. 68.75€/tCO2. In terms of economic efficiency, CaL was found to be comparable to amine scrubbing. Give that CaL has not been examined so extensively as MEA, it has the potential for technical improvements in order to become more competitive by the adOption of novel concepts with smaller equipment cost.

Loredana Napolano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • LCA-based study on structural Retrofit Options for masonry buildings
    The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2015
    Co-Authors: Loredana Napolano, Costantino Menna, Domenico Asprone, Andrea Prota, Gaetano Manfredi
    Abstract:

    Purpose Over the last decade, the rehabilitation/renovation of existing buildings has increasingly attracted the attention of scientific community. Many studies focus intensely on the mechanical and energy performance of Retrofitted/renovated existing structures, while few works address the environmental impact of such operations. In the present study, the environmental impact of typical Retrofit operations, referred to masonry structures, is assessed. In particular, four different structural Options are investigated: local replacement of damaged masonry, mortar injection, steel chain installation, and grid-reinforced mortar application. Each different Option is analyzed with reference to proper normalized quantities. Thus, the results of this analysis can be used to compute the environmental impact of real large-scale Retrofit operations, once the amount/extension of them is defined in the design stage. The final purpose is to give to designers the opportunity to monitor the environmental impact of different Retrofit strategies and, once structural requirements are satisfied, identify for each real case the most suitable Retrofit Option. Methods The environmental impact of the structural Retrofit Options is assessed by means of a life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach. A cradle to grave system boundary is considered for each Retrofit process. The results of the environmental analysis are presented according to the data format of the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) standard. Indeed, the environmental outcomes are expressed through six impact categories: global warming, ozone depletion, eutrophication, acidification, photochemical oxidation, and nonrenewable energy. Results and discussion For each Retrofit Option, the interpretation analysis is conducted in order to define which element, material, or process mainly influenced the LCA results. In addition, the results revealed that the recycling of waste materials provides environmental benefits in all the categories of the LCA outcomes. It is also pointed out that a comparison between the four investigated Options would be meaningful only once the exact amount of each operation is defined for a specific Retrofit case. Conclusions This paper provides a systematic approach and environmental data to drive the selection and identification of structural Retrofit Options for existing buildings, in terms of sustainability performance. The final aim of this work is also to provide researchers and practitioners, with a better understanding of the sustainability aspects of Retrofit operations. In fact, the environmental impacts of the Retrofit Options here investigated can be used for future research/practical activities, to monitor and control the environmental impact of structural Retrofit operations of existing masonry buildings.