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Pio Federico Roversi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization and comparison of metarhizium strains isolated from Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2014Co-Authors: Annarita Cito, Giuseppe Mazza, Valeria Francardi, Claudia Benvenuti, Elena Dreassi, Agostino Strangi, Gian Paolo Barzanti, Tullio Turchetti, Pio Federico RoversiAbstract:: Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is considered the worst pest of palm species, and few natural enemies are reported for this parasite in its area of origin. Here, we report the first recovery of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium pingshaense associated with R. ferrugineus from Vietnam. The morphological, biochemical, and toxicological features of this strain were studied and compared with those of another Metarhizium strain associated with this weevil in Sicily (Italy), an area of recent introduction. The potential use of these fungi as biocontrol agents was tested against adult insects in laboratory trials and a similar mortality rate was found. Both strains were able to produce toxins and cuticle-degrading proteases, but they showed dissimilar enzymatic and toxicological profiles, suggesting a different virulence activity.
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nenteria extremica n sp a new uropodina mites acari mesostigmata collected on Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in italy with notes on other uropodina mites associated with the red palm weevil
Redia-Giornale Di Zoologia, 2014Co-Authors: Jeno Kontschan, Giuseppe Mazza, Roberto Nannelli, Pio Federico RoversiAbstract:A new species of Uropodina mite was collected on the body and on the cocoons of the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) in Italy. The new species ( Nenteria extremica n. sp.) belongs to the genus Nenteria , but it differs from the other species in appendages of the gnathosoma, which are unique within this genus. The new species is described on the basis of females, males and nymphs. Some notes on the association of Uropodina with the Red Palm Weevils are given. Aegyptus rynchophorus Elbishlawi & Allam, 2007 and Aegypthus alhassa Al-Dhafar & Al-Qahtani 2011 are junior synonyms of Centrouropoda almerodai Hiramatsu & Hirschmann, 1992.
Giuseppe Mazza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemical evaluation of the Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae fed on different substrates as human food source.
Food Science and Technology International, 2017Co-Authors: Annarita Cito, Giuseppe Mazza, S Longo, Elena Dreassi, Valeria FrancardiAbstract:We investigated the chemical composition of the weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae, traditionally used as human food in Asia and known worldwide as one of the most significant pest for palm tr...
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an overview on the natural enemies of Rhynchophorus palm weevils with focus on r ferrugineus
Biological Control, 2014Co-Authors: Giuseppe Mazza, Roberto Nannelli, Valeria Francardi, S Simoni, Claudia Benvenuti, Rita Cervo, Jose Romeno Faleiro, Elena Llacer, S Longo, Eustachio TarascoAbstract:Rhynchophorus palm weevils are large insects belonging to the family Dryophthoridae. All Rhynchophorus species are polyphagous and have a similar life history but some are major pests because of the serious economic damage they cause, in particular to several species of the family Arecaceae. Here we review the natural enemies of Rhynchophorus species in both their native and introduced regions of the world, to assess the possibility of biological control of this taxon. Moreover, particular attention is paid to the well-studied and harmful species Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, about which more information is available, and to its natural enemies in the Mediterranean region, because the impact of this pest in this recently colonized area is particularly remarkable and also the recent trend in species management is looking for indigenous natural enemies. More than 50 natural enemies have been reported to attack Rhynchophorus species, even if most of them are associated to R. ferrugineus (Olivier), highlighting the lack of information on the other species of the genus. Pros and cons of all the biological control agents are then discussed: among the considered organisms, fungi are noteworthy to be considered for inclusion in integrated pest management programs.
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characterization and comparison of metarhizium strains isolated from Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2014Co-Authors: Annarita Cito, Giuseppe Mazza, Valeria Francardi, Claudia Benvenuti, Elena Dreassi, Agostino Strangi, Gian Paolo Barzanti, Tullio Turchetti, Pio Federico RoversiAbstract:: Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is considered the worst pest of palm species, and few natural enemies are reported for this parasite in its area of origin. Here, we report the first recovery of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium pingshaense associated with R. ferrugineus from Vietnam. The morphological, biochemical, and toxicological features of this strain were studied and compared with those of another Metarhizium strain associated with this weevil in Sicily (Italy), an area of recent introduction. The potential use of these fungi as biocontrol agents was tested against adult insects in laboratory trials and a similar mortality rate was found. Both strains were able to produce toxins and cuticle-degrading proteases, but they showed dissimilar enzymatic and toxicological profiles, suggesting a different virulence activity.
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nenteria extremica n sp a new uropodina mites acari mesostigmata collected on Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in italy with notes on other uropodina mites associated with the red palm weevil
Redia-Giornale Di Zoologia, 2014Co-Authors: Jeno Kontschan, Giuseppe Mazza, Roberto Nannelli, Pio Federico RoversiAbstract:A new species of Uropodina mite was collected on the body and on the cocoons of the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) in Italy. The new species ( Nenteria extremica n. sp.) belongs to the genus Nenteria , but it differs from the other species in appendages of the gnathosoma, which are unique within this genus. The new species is described on the basis of females, males and nymphs. Some notes on the association of Uropodina with the Red Palm Weevils are given. Aegyptus rynchophorus Elbishlawi & Allam, 2007 and Aegypthus alhassa Al-Dhafar & Al-Qahtani 2011 are junior synonyms of Centrouropoda almerodai Hiramatsu & Hirschmann, 1992.
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antimicrobial activity of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Bulletin of Insectology, 2011Co-Authors: Giuseppe Mazza, Valeria Francardi, Claudia Benvenuti, S Longo, Gian Paolo Barzanti, Vincenzo Arizza, David Baracchi, Antonio Frandi, Francesca Gherardi, Barbara ManachiniAbstract:The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera Dryophthoridae), is an important pest of palms. Knowl- edge of both its natural enemies and its defensive mechanisms against predators and microorganisms is important to develop methods for an integrated pest control. Antimicrobial activity of the cuticular surface of adults and larvae, as well as of eggs, of this invasive species was investigated. This activity was tested against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli Escherich, and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin. A similar analysis was con- ducted with the hemolymph of R. ferrugineus' larvae infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroter) Migula, E. coli and Staphy- lococcus aureus Rosenbach. Polar surface fraction of extracts from adults and large larvae inhibits Gram-positive bacteria and the B. bassiana's growth, but not the growth of E. coli and M. anisopliae. Similarly, the hemolymph of larvae and the surface extracts of both small larvae and eggs seemed not to show any inhibition. Chemical analyses of the fraction exhibiting antimicrobial activ- ity show the presence of some polar compounds ranging between 1000 and 1500 Dalton. This study improves our knowledge on the biology of R. ferrugineus and helps to suggest strategies for the biocontrol of this pest.
Mark S Hoddle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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How Far Can Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Fly?
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2020Co-Authors: Mark S Hoddle, Christina D Hoddle, Ivan MilosavljevićAbstract:The palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.), was first recorded in San Diego County, CA in 2011 and breeding populations were recovered from infested Canary Islands date palms, Phoenix canariensis, in San Ysidro, San Diego County, in 2015. This palm pest presents a significant threat to California's edible date industry as Phoenix dactylifera is a recorded host for this weevil. The flight capabilities of R. palmarum are unknown which limits understanding of rates of natural dispersal. In response to this knowledge deficit, 24-h flight mill trials were conducted with field-collected male and female weevils. A total of 87 weevils (49 females and 38 males) were used in experiments, ~6% failed to fly >1 km in 24 h and were excluded from analyses. Of those 82 weevils flying >1 km in 24 h, the average distance flown by males and females was ~41 and ~53 km, respectively. Approximately 10% of females flew >100 km in 24 h, with two (~4%) females flying >140 km. The maximum recorded distance flown by a male weevil was 95 km. Flight activity was predominantly diurnal and flying weevils exhibited an average weight loss of ~18% while non-flying control weevils lost ~13% body weight in 24 h. The combined flight distances for male and female weevils exhibited a heavy-tailed platykurtic distribution. Flight mill data for R. palmarum are compared to similarly collected flight mill data for two other species of invasive palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) and Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Panzer).
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palmageddon the wasting of ornamental palms by invasive palm weevils Rhynchophorus spp
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: Ivan Milosavljevic, Hamadttu A F Elshafie, J R Faleiro, Christina D Hoddle, Michael Lewis, Mark S HoddleAbstract:Urban areas landscaped with ornamental palms, especially Canary Islands date palms (Phoenix canariensis), are particularly vulnerable to incursion by invasive palm weevils, Rhynchophorus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Metropolitan palmscapes are often resource rich in terms of palm species diversity and density, and these areas typically have numerous conduits (e.g., air, road, or sea transportation hubs) that assist with international and regional trade and tourism which can facilitate accidental or deliberate weevil introductions. Once established in urban areas, Rhynchophorus populations may be hard to suppress, from where they can expand their range and threaten agricultural commodities or native palms in wilderness areas. Here, we review current knowledge about relationships between Rhynchophorus invasions and urban environments. Further research areas should be addressed to improve forecasts of invasion risks and to complement management options for detection and control. We propose that greater attention be paid to quarantine restrictions on live palm movements and pro-active early detection and monitoring programs in areas deemed to be at high risk of invasion and establishment. In response to an incursion, we advocate the deployment of containment and eradication campaigns in urban zones when populations are small and highly localized.
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The invasion of Tunisia by the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliver (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): crossing an ocean or crossing a sea?
Florida Entomologist, 2017Co-Authors: Paul F. Rugman-jones, Mark S Hoddle, Saida Kharrat, Richard StouthamerAbstract:Abstract The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an invasive and injurious pest of palms that has extended its native range from Asia to Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean Basin. In 2010, the morphologically indistinguishable Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Panzer) was detected and subsequently eradicated in California, USA. In 2011, a population of palm weevils was detected in ornamental palms in Tunis, Tunisia. Uncertainty over the identity of the weevil population in Tunisia led to conflicting speculation that the source populations emerged from infested palms illegally imported from either the USA or Italy. Mitochondrial haplotypes of specimens collected at multiple sites around Tunis were compared with haplotypes from global populations of R. ferrugineus and R. vulneratus, confirming that the Tunisian populations were R. ferrugineus. Moreover, the Tunisian populations had the same fixed mitochondrial haplotype ubiquitous in invasive populations t...
J R Faleiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attraction of Food Baits for Use in Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier Pheromone Trap
Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 2020Co-Authors: J R Faleiro, V. R. SatarkarAbstract:Field trials conducted to study the attractiveness of food baits for use in red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier pheromone traps indicated that dates recorded the best weevil captures and was statistically at par with sugarcane. The study also showed that it is essential to add a food bait in RPW pheromone traps to sustain the trapping efficiency. However, oil palm fruit proved to be a poor bait as it adversely affected the efficiency of RPW pheromone trap.
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palmageddon the wasting of ornamental palms by invasive palm weevils Rhynchophorus spp
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: Ivan Milosavljevic, Hamadttu A F Elshafie, J R Faleiro, Christina D Hoddle, Michael Lewis, Mark S HoddleAbstract:Urban areas landscaped with ornamental palms, especially Canary Islands date palms (Phoenix canariensis), are particularly vulnerable to incursion by invasive palm weevils, Rhynchophorus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Metropolitan palmscapes are often resource rich in terms of palm species diversity and density, and these areas typically have numerous conduits (e.g., air, road, or sea transportation hubs) that assist with international and regional trade and tourism which can facilitate accidental or deliberate weevil introductions. Once established in urban areas, Rhynchophorus populations may be hard to suppress, from where they can expand their range and threaten agricultural commodities or native palms in wilderness areas. Here, we review current knowledge about relationships between Rhynchophorus invasions and urban environments. Further research areas should be addressed to improve forecasts of invasion risks and to complement management options for detection and control. We propose that greater attention be paid to quarantine restrictions on live palm movements and pro-active early detection and monitoring programs in areas deemed to be at high risk of invasion and establishment. In response to an incursion, we advocate the deployment of containment and eradication campaigns in urban zones when populations are small and highly localized.
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A meridic diet for laboratory rearing of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Scientific Research and Essays, 2013Co-Authors: Hamadttu A. F. El-shafie, J R Faleiro, M.m. Abo-el-saad, S.m. AleidAbstract:The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferruginous (Olivier) was fully developed and reared on a meridic diet consisting of agar, distilled water, commercial yeast as well as laboratory produced amino and fatty acid rich brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), wheat meal, corn flour, benzoic acid, ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, vitamin mix and tetracycline hydrochloride. A group of weevils reared on date palm trunk under the same laboratory conditions was used as control. Diet reared female weevils laid fertile eggs which successfully hatched into healthy larvae in 3.6 days. Between the first and last (eighth) larval instars there was a 2311 fold increase in the larval body biomass before pupation. Linear regression analysis involving log of head capsule width of each instar and instar number resulted in a straight line (R2= 0.978) indicating that Dyar's rule is applicable in the case of RPW. Larval development was completed in 43 to 47 days while the pupa reached the adult stage in 31 to 38 days with an average of 35 day. The whole life cycle of the weevil from egg to adult, was completed in 78 to 85 days. The average adult longevity for male and female weevils was 83.3 and 74.8 days, respectively. Besides the above, important biological parameters including pre-oviposition period, incubation period, per cent egg hatchability, fecundity and larval weight gain were recorded. A food-fiber pupation technique was developed with 100% pupation efficiency. Key words: Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, meridic diet, biological parameters, food-fiber pupation technique, larval instar, Dyar's rule.
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pheromone trap density to mass trap Rhynchophorus ferrugineus coleoptera curculionidae rhynchophoridae dryophthoridae in date plantations of saudi arabia
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2011Co-Authors: J R Faleiro, Mahmoud Abo Elsaad, Abdul Hadi AlabbadAbstract:Mass trapping of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) using food-baited pheromone (ferrugineol) traps is a key component of the integrated pest management strategy adopted to combat this pest in date Phoenix dactylifera L. plantations of Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries. The present study aimed at ascertaining the density at which pheromone traps should be set in the field to mass trap adult R. ferrugineus. Our findings indicate that in plantations with low weevil activity and 1%, 10 traps/ha recorded the best weevil captures. However, in area-wide mass trapping programmes, the pest could be effectively mass trapped at 4–7 traps/ha depending on the resources available.
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age and fecundity of female red palm weevils Rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier coleoptera rhynchophoridae captured by pheromone traps in coconut plantations of india
Crop Protection, 2003Co-Authors: J R Faleiro, P A Rangnekar, V. R. SatarkarAbstract:Abstract The age and fecundity of female red palm weevils Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) captured in food—baited pheromone (4-methyl-5-nonanol) traps placed in coconut plantations of Goa in Western India was assessed in the laboratory. Captured weevils were young and gravid. About 85 per cent of pheromone trap-captured female weevils confined to a celibate life in the laboratory were fertile and laid viable eggs indicating that they had already mated before entering the traps. The opportunity to mate enhanced oviposition and egg viability, while reducing the post-ovipositional period of pheromone trap captured female weevils. The findings signify the potential benefit of using food-baited pheromone traps in mass trapping programmes to curtail the population build up of red palm weevil in the field.
Allan C. Oehlschlager - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pheromone chirality of african palm weevil,Rhynchophorus phoenicis (F.) and palmetto weevil,Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1994Co-Authors: Alice L. Perez, Robin M. Giblin-davis, Gerhard Gries, Regine Gries, Allan C. OehlschlagerAbstract:There are four stereoisomers of both 3-methyl-octan-4-ol, the aggregation pheromone of the African palm weevil,Rhynchophorus phoenicis (F.) and 5-methyl-octan-4-ol, the aggregation pheromone of the palmetto weevil,Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.). Synthetic stereoisomers of 3-methyl-octan-4-ol and 5-methyl-octan-4-ol were baseline-separated on a Cyclodex-B fused silica column. Use of this column in gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses revealed that only one stereoisomer, (3S,4S)-3-methyl-octan-4-ol and (4S,5S)-5-methyl-octan-4-ol, is produced by maleR. phoenicis and maleR. cruentatus, respectively, and elicits good antennal responses by conspecific male and female weevils. In field trapping experiments, withR. phoenicis in Cote d'Ivoire andR. cruentatus in Florida, (3S,4S)-3-methyl-octan-4-ol and (4S,5S)-5-methyl-octan-4-ol strongly enhanced attraction of fresh palm tissue, whereas other stereoisomers were behaviorally benign. Stereoisomeric 3-methyl-octan-4-ol and 5-methyl-octan-4-ol may be utilized to monitor and/or manage populations of these two palm weevils.
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Aggregation pheromone of palmetto weevil,Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1994Co-Authors: Thomas J. Weissling, Alice L. Perez, Gerhard Gries, Regine Gries, R. M. Giblin-davis, H. D. Pierce, Allan C. OehlschlagerAbstract:5-Methyl-4-octanol is the major aggregation pheromone of the palmetto weevil, Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.). The pheromone (cruentol) was identified by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic (GC-EAD) analysis of male-produced volatiles, coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS) in electron impact and chemical ionization mode, and coupled GC-high resolution MS. In laboratory and field assays, a diastereomeric mixture of synthetic cruentol greatly enhanced attraction of weevils to cabbage palmetto, Sabal palmetto (Walter), stem tissue, indicating that cruentol and host volatiles are synergistically attractive. An attractive lure in combination with efficient traps should facilitate development of semiochemical-based management for R. cruentatus .